机构投资者调研对企业创新效率的影响及机制研究

本文利用深交所2013-2020年A股上市公司的数据样本实证检验了机构投资者调研与企业创新效率之间的关系。研究发现,机构投资者调研能够显著提升企业创新效率,表现在机构调研的次数和参与调研的机构数量越多,企业的创新效率越高;相比于买方或卖方机构单独调研,买卖双方共同参与的联合调研对创新效率的提升作用更显著。机制检验结果证明,机构投资者调研能够通过发挥信息效应提高创新活动信息透明度、发挥监督效应提高企业内部控制质量、发挥激励效应提高员工创新积极性三种机制影响企业创新效率;进一步研究发现,相比于保险和其他投资机构,券商和基金调研对企业创新效率的作用更明显,并且机构调研对创新效率的促进作用在市场化程度较高的地区更强。     

机构投资者调研对企业创新效率的影响及其作用机制

进一步拓宽关于企业创新效率影响因素以及机构调研经济后果的研究视角,以2013—2020年在深交所A股上市公司的数据为样本,从管理层激励的角度,对机构投资者调研与企业创新效率的关系进行实证检验。结果发现,机构投资者调研能够显著提升企业创新效率,表现在机构调研次数和参与调研的机构数量越多,企业创新效率越高。其中,相比于买方或卖方机构单独调研,买卖双方的联合调研对创新效率的提升作用更显著;机构调研能够通过发挥信息效应提高企业会计信息透明度、发挥监督效应提高企业内部控制力、发挥激励效应促进创新积极性,进而提高企业创新效率;相比于保险和其他机构,券商和基金公司调研对企业创新效率的作用更明显,并且机构调研对企业创新效率的促进作用在市场化程度较高的地区更强。据此,在促进机构投资者调研提高企业创新效率方面,得出对机构投资者、上市公司和政府部门等的启示建议。     

信息技术挑战——21世纪高校科技管理

通过信息技术的发展及其对人类社会的影响分析,阐明信息技术对21世纪的高校科技管理提出的挑战,探讨新世纪高校科技管理应采取的对策,主要从四个方面进行论述：（1）提供并处理信息,发挥决策参谋作用;（2）促进公开管理,机构精简,提高管理效率;（3）开发网络版科技管理信息软件;（4）提高科管队伍素质是信息技术发展的必然要求。     

组织机构文本信息资源管理应用研究

简要介绍组织机构文本信息资源建设管理有关情况,以及在信息过滤、信息检索、信息分类、信息抽取、数据挖掘等文本信息处理技术方面的应用现状;针对目前存在的问题提出进一步解决方案.对组织机构文本信息资源的开发利用提出新的发展思路;最后论述文本信息处理技术对提高组织机构信息资源的应用服务水平方面将起到至关重要的作用.     

知识链合作创新的权力结构与组织行为研究

基于开放式创新的过程管理思想,考虑一个由知识源、知识转移中介、信息服务机构组成的闭环知识链系统,通过构建知识源领导(SL)、知识转移中介领导(OL)与信息服务机构领导(TL)等博弈模型,分析了权力结构对知识供给、转换、反馈等环节的创新绩效的影响。研究表明,掌握领导权可提高组织的知识产出、知识定价与创新利润;在创新绩效表现上,SL模式是分散决策时的最优权力结构;OL与SL模式具有同等的知识创造效率,但OL模式系统利润偏低并存在组织间的利益冲突风险;市场机遇、合作伙伴的创新能力与组织的知识创造效率正相关,弥补知识链成员创新能力的短板是提高系统创新绩效的关键。     

科技成果市场转化模式与效率评价研究

分析科技成果转化的国内外管理和研究现状,对科技成果分类进行界定,研究不同类别科技成果的转化模式,得出专用技术成果转化应充分发挥市场的主导性作用;基于委托代理模型进行科技成果市场转化分析,得出由于成果生产方在科技成果市场转化中处于信息劣势,通过市场依托科技中介服务机构能够更好地促进科技成果转化;以江苏高校为对象进行科技成果市场转化效率评价研究和实证分析,结果表明江苏高校科技成果市场转化效率还不高;最后,针对研究结论提出促进科技成果市场转化的对策建议。     

我国农业科技情报机构研发效率分析——基于不同行政隶属关系的比较

明晰农业科技情报机构研发效率,有利于促进科技信息更好地服务现代农业发展。该文基于DEA测算我国农业科技情报机构研发效率,并比较分析部属和省属机构研发效率。结果为：（1）全国农业科技情报机构技术效率均值仅0.709,且无论是纯技术效率还是规模效率,部属机构都较高;（2）农业科技情报机构纯技术效率有40%以上评价年份显示无效,其中部属机构纯技术效率无效年份效率值明显高于省属;（3）农业科技情报机构研发规模效率值多数年份在0.8以上,且部属机构规模效率较省属高。     

认知心理学视角的信息服务质量差距模型构建

以帮助信息机构提高信息服务效率与质量为目的,在回顾国内外文献的基础上提出从认知心理学的视角研究信息服务质量的问题;分析认知过程与信息服务质量关系、服务差距模型,构建认知心理学视角的信息服务质量差距模型;归纳信息服务质量差距的成因,并提出一些有针对性的对策与建议。     

一种个性化网络信息服务系统的设计与实现

介绍一个基于个性化网络信息服务架构,通过信息服务分类,信息采集机器和用户个性化的方法,使提供信息服务的机构和企业能够有效地进行信息服务管理、用户行为分析和个性化信息推送,提高网络信息服务应用开发、系统部署和运营维护的效率和服务质量。作者使用该架构实现了一个为手机终端服务的网络信息服务平台和一个电子商务信息服务,验证了该架构在服务分类和个性化服务方面的合理性。     

在线学习效率提高导向的学生信息素养培养研究

文章首先分析了信息素养的培养对提高学生在线学习效率的作用,然后探讨了在线学习效率提高导向的信息素养培养的方向,最后阐述了在线学习效率提高导向的信息素养的培养措施和模式。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence