分布式学习理论与现代远程教育的关系

计算机技术和网络技术在现代远程教育中的应用为远程教育领域带来了新的理念,并产生了分布式学习等新的教育技术.本文论述了分布式学习的概念及分布式学习理论与远程学习的关系,由此说明了分布式学习对现代远程教育的发展所起到的积极影响.     

移动学习系统理论模型研究

首先对活动学习理论、情境学习理论、分布式认知理论、会话学习理论等移动学习主要理论依据进行了分析及对比,进而基于Sharpies的"分析移动学习的活动理论模型"、Salomon的"个体认知与分布式认知的交互模型"和Laurillard的"‘技术支持学习的会话模型框架"提出了用于移动学习系统分析的会话——活动——分布式CAD理论模型,对结构、边及顶点的意义以及作用进行了阐释,并结合移动学习典型案例分析了CAD模型的具体应用。     

基于DVR技术的分布式虚拟学习环境构建

基于分布式虚拟现实(DVR)技术的分布式虚拟学习环境,在实现教育资源共享、提高教育效率、实现个性化学习等方面具有重要作用.本文在探讨建构主义学习理论与分布式虚拟现实关系的基础上,提出了一种分布式虚拟学习环境(DVLE)的构建方法,详细探讨了系统的体系结构、Agent学习模型,描述了利用Virtook技术实现系统的真实感、可交互性以及协作性的关键技术,最后给出了实现效果.     

分布式学习理论浅谈

分布式学习是未来学习的发展趋势。该文在对分布式学习的定义进行评述的基础上,提出了分布式学习模式的结构与分布式学习的特征,论述了分布式学习与远程教育及传统教育的关系,最后对分布式学习与网络的关系进行了探讨。     

分布式认知视角下的智能授导系统的设计与开发

分布式认知理论为认知交互和知识共享提供了一个综合模型。将分布式认知理论和分布式虚拟现实技术引入智能授导系统中,对创设逼真的认知情境、实现资源共享、促进个性化学习、提高教育效率等具有重要作用。本文探讨了分布式认知学习理论及其对系统设计的指导作用,提出了一种基于Agent技术和分布式虚拟环境的智能授导系统建构方法,重点研究了系统的体系结构、学习服务功能以及用户化身在虚拟环境中的交互模式,给出了利用Virtools技术实现系统的环境设计、网络通信和多用户交互行为的开发方法。     

分布式学习:过程与传统教育的殊途同归

信息技术推动着远程教育和传统教育的发展,以致二者界限模糊,无法准确界定它们的实践范畴。本文从“分布式学习”入手,试图解释两种实践中的共性变化,以揭示目前信息技术应用带来的最本质变化和教育改革的方向。文章探讨了分布式学习的含义,及其与两种教育的关系,并利用活动理论诠释分布式学习。     

分布式学习：远程与传统教育的殊途同归

信息技术推动着远程教育和传统教育的发展,以致二界限模糊,无法准确界定它们的实践范畴。本从“分布式学习”入手,试图解释两种实践中的共性变化,以揭示目前信息技术应用带来的最本质变化和教育改革的方向。章探讨了分布式学习的含义,及其与两种教育的关系,并利用活动理论诠释分布式学习。     

分布式学习系统的可视化建模

本文提出了一个以建构主义学习环境设计方法、面向对象方法和软件过程方法为基础的分布式学习系统建模方法框架 ,并在分析学习环境理论的基础上 ,建立了对分布式学习进行解释的“角色—活动—环境”抽象模型 ,围绕这一模型 ,重点探讨了应用 UML统一建模语言实现分布式学习系统可视化建模的方法。     

分布式认知视角下的网络学习共同体的外语教学模式探索

分布式认知理论认为信息技术在学习中的作用不仅是呈现信息和传递知识,更是学习者用来建构知识的认知工具。它强调认知的社会与物质的双重属性,为信息技术支持的外语教学研究提供了更为系统的研究视角和新的理论框架。网络学习共同体是分布式认知理论的具体实践,也是基于互联网的知识构建的学习型组织。本文以英语专业"基础英语"课程教学实践为实例,从分布式认知角度探讨新媒体背景下的基于网络学习共同体的外语教学模式是一种有效范式。     

分布式认知下的网络学习环境设计研究

本文在分布式认知理论框架下,借由分布式认知的一些规律与特征,同时结合网络环境的特性对网络学习系统及其活动规律进行审视与分析,探求一种在线教育环境中新型的学习与组织管理的系统模型。     

Instructional design for distance learning

An intrinsic link exists between instructional design (ID) and distance learning (DL). Their inextricability in the real world raises specific problems of interest in the field of ID. In no other teaching/learning situation is ID so essential as in DL. The conditions of DL make it a necessity to have long-term instructional planning, cost analysis, curriculum and course development, instructional materials development and maintenance, delivery plans, and detailed evaluation rules. Without all of these components, DL simply could not happen. It took some time for this neccessity to be acknowledged, as can be seen in the history of DL. However, ID becomes even more critical as increasingly costly and complex means are used. Conditions of learning have special features in DL, such as the role of media, since the professor, teacher or instructor is replaced by media for either transmitting information or for organizing learning activities. In this paper, the term distance learning will be used to mean media-based, remote or asynchronous learning supported by an instructional system. This paper introduces general features of DL and examines essential aspects of ID for DL, with special emphasis on ID methodologies and on media selection.     

Introverts,Extroverts, and Achievement in a Distance Learning Environment

Although difficulties that characterize distance learning (DL) clearly have differential effects on different learners, links between barrier research and individual differences remain relatively unexplored. This study examined the relationship between cognitive style, based on Jung's (1971) theory, and achievement levels among 77 university students in a videoconference-based learning environment. Clarifying this relationship enables educators to identify in advance students who may require additional instructional support in a DL context. Understanding student-related variables that affect learning also enables faculty to adapt instructions to meet the diverse needs of different students instead of adopting a “one-size-fits-all” approach to designing DL environments.     

Distributed leadership and middle leadership practice in schools: a disconnect?

This article reports on a small-scale collaborative research study on middle leadership (ML) in Iceland and Ireland. It explores the ML role using the theoretical lens of distributed leadership (DL). The majority of DL studies to date examine leadership as an organisational resource that can be cultivated and utilised to serve school improvement. This research, however, situates the teacher at the core of DL and commences a discourse on how MLs experience their leadership practice from a DL perspective. The empirical investigation is based on semi-structured focus group interviews across the range of schools in both education contexts. The findings indicate a disconnect between DL theory as outlined in the literature and ML practice as currently experienced in Ireland and Iceland. While a form of DL exists in both contexts, this is strictly at the gift of the Principal rather than a reciprocal relationship with teachers in relation to leading school activities. The findings also signal a need for a proactive approach in School Leadership Preparation Programmes and in Initial Teacher Education to facilitate school leaders and teachers in understanding and adopting a distributed mindset.     

Cross‐language correlates in phonological awareness and naming speed: evidence from deep and shallow orthographies

Phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatised naming (RAN) skills in relation to reading acquisition were examined using two languages, one with a deep orthography (English) and the other with a shallow orthography (Korean). Participants were 50 Korean American children who spoke English as a dominant language (DL) and were learning to read Korean as a sequential language (SL). Parallel measures in English and Korean assessed PA, RAN and reading skills. The results showed the similarities and differences between the DL and SL acquisition patterns for PA and RAN. While PA skills of the DL were a dominant predictor in SL reading achievement, RAN became important for the children with the higher level of SL reading performance. This cross‐sectional study indicates that proficiencies of PA and RAN in the DL are the pathway to reading success in an SL. This suggests that a universal thread exists in learning dual languages, despite dissimilar orthography, phonology and writing systems.     

Distance Learning for GED® Students in Rural Pennsylvania

Abstract

Although many adult basic education programs offer distance learning (DL) for GED (General Educational Development) and English as a Second Language learners, this topic has received little scholarly attention. This article examines the availability, usage, and effectiveness of DL for rural GED candidates in Pennsylvania; students' demographic and educational characteristics and participation patterns; and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of DL for students and education providers. Data sources included records of 24,143 rural GED students in state-funded programs; GED test takers' demographic survey data; interviews with DL educators and students; and a survey of non-state-funded DL providers. The results show that 4% of rural GED students—primarily young, White, low-income women—participated in DL. Rural DL students were as likely to pass the GED Tests as face-to-face learners. Key advantages and disadvantages of DL for rural GED students are discussed. The study signals great potential and need for expanding DL in rural regions.     

Does attending a deeper learning school promote student motivation,engagement, perseverance,and achievement?

The evolving economic landscape of the 21st century demands graduates who possess deeper learning (DL) competencies such as critical thinking and collaboration skills. Despite their importance, little work has examined the motivational mechanisms through which DL predicts essential academic outcomes. The current study (N = 1,288) used an ethnically diverse sample of students (53% Hispanic) to explore self-efficacy and mastery goal orientation as potential mediators of the relationship between (a) enrollment in a DL school and (b) academic engagement, perseverance, and mathematics achievement. Results showed that students who attended DL schools, compared with students in non-DL schools, reported higher self-efficacy, mastery goal orientation, and academic engagement. Path analyses revealed that attending a DL school was associated with higher academic engagement and self-efficacy. However, enrollment in a DL school was not directly related to mathematics achievement. Overall, results provide evidence that attending a DL school can lead to valuable motivation- and engagement-related benefits.     

Children's learning as a function of variation in stimulus characteristics and motor involvement

Results of two artificial letter learning experiments are reported. In Experiment 1, 229 preschool children were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: Two-dimensional small print size (2DS), two-dimensional large print size (2DL), two-dimensional large where subject traced stimuli mounted on cards (3DL), or three-dimensional large stimuli where subject was directed to manipulate stimuli during the first study trial (3DLM). Errors in the 3DLM condition were significantly less than in 2DS, 2DLT, and 3DL. Also, errors in the 2DL condition were significantly less than in 2DS. A replication experiment with kindergarten children failed to show any differences among the treatments. Results are discussed in terms of stimulus dimensions and motor involvement in children's letter learning. Implications for instruction and future research are noted.     

Map For Decision Making In Operating Distance Learning Systems: Research Results

English:This paper deals with decision-making aspects of the introduction of distance learning (DL) into university instruction and learning. Teacher/student interactions are examined and a model is suggested for the introduction of DL into the university teaching and learning arena whilst ensuring the realization of the potential of DL methodology both educationally and cost-effectively.

Francais: Cet article traite des aspects des prises de décision dans l'introduction des systèmes d'enseignement à distance a l'université. Les interactions enseignements-enseignés sont examinées, et on suggère un modèle pour l'ntroduction de l'enseignement à distance dans l'université tout en mettant à profit le potentiel de la methodologie de l'enseignement à distance tant au point de vue éducation qu'au point de vue coût-efficacité.

Deutsch:Dieses papier beschreibt aspekte der entscheidungsfindung für die einführung von DL für lehren und lernen an universitäten. Auf der basis von lehrer/schüler - interaktionen wird ein modell fur die einführung von DL im Universitätsbereich vorgeschlagen, das dessen möglichkeiten auf pädagogischem gebiet unter dem aspekt der kosteneffizienz sicherstellt.     

A case study of using peer feedback in face-to-face and distance learning classes among pre-service teachers

This study investigated a feedback exchange activity for engaging pre-service teachers and the nature of such feedback in two undergraduate classes, a distance learning (DL) and a face-to-face (F2F) class. The research question asked if the nature of peer feedback was different between F2F and DL class formats. Students’ work samples were collected during class time to examine feedback function ratings. Participants also completed an online questionnaire to examine the nature of expectations of the feedback given. For both the nature of expectations and feedback function ratings, results for chi-square analyses demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the two modes of instruction (F2F versus DL), and the peer feedback categories. However, provision of feedback was significantly favoured in the F2F class over the DL class. Implications for course curriculum and future research are discussed.     

Exploring the structure of digital literacy competence assessed using authentic software applications

Educational technology research and development - Digital literacy competence (DL) is an important capacity for students’ learning in a rapidly changing world. However, little is known about...