The concept of development and the development of concepts. Education and development in Vygotsky’s thinking

A major theme of Vygotsky’s research in the latter part of his life was the theme of concept formation or conceptual development in child development. He argued that the acquisition of mature scientific (academic) concepts forms the crowning achievement of adolescsence. Mature conceptual thinking positively influences the cognitive domain but also the aesthetic reactions and emotions. Conversely, the breakdown of conceptual thinking in pathology will lead to severe intellectual impairment but also to emotional dullness etc. In this paper it is claimed that this view is highly interesting but a number of criticisms are raised. Specifically, it is argued that (1) the resulting view is overly rationalistic; (2) the notion of scientific concepts seems to imply a somewhat static view of science; and (3) Vygotsky was perhaps too optimistic about the possibility of transfer of scientific (conceptual) thinking to other domains.     

铜陵市发展低碳经济 走可持续发展之路探究

所谓低碳经济,是指在可持续发展理念指导下,通过技术创新、制度创新、产业转型、新能源开发等多种手段,尽可能地减少煤炭石油等高碳能源消耗,减少温室气体排放,达到经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展形态。发展低碳经济,一方面是积极承担环境保护责任,完成国家节能减排指标的要求;另一方面是调整经济结构,提高能源利用效益,发展新兴工业,建设生态文明。     

许昌旅游业跨越发展的条件与规划分析

许昌旅游业具备跨越发展的基础条件,旅游资源、区域交通、基础设施等优势突出,文化特色明显,但是发展水平和发展速度相对落后.要实现许昌旅游业后发赶超的目标,在抓好基础建设和管理服务的同时,关键是规划和建设好许昌的优势项目和特色项目.做强做大"故都·古镇·名山·花都"优势项目.精心搞好四大特色项目的规划和布局,做强做优五大旅游商品,努力打造内外两类精品线路.     

Parallelism in the development of children's ideas and the historical development of projectile motion theories

A study of the development of children's conceptions with respect to projectile motion was carried out in Ukraine and Israel, with the participation of 1017 subjects in grades 3 to 12. The purpose of the research was to investigate the fundamental hypothesis of genetic epistemology with respect to concepts of motion. The fundamental hypothesis states that the development of children's concepts of nature parallel the historical development of the concepts. It was found that the development of children's concepts of motion proceeds by stages, with the concepts at each stage parallel to a corresponding historical stage. A mathematical model was constructed to describe development by stages quantitatively. The theoretical model gave an excellent fit to the empirical data, and this supports the hypothesis of parallelism. The two‐country research made it possible to compare the effects of quite different school science curricula upon the development of children's concepts.     

试探教育均衡发展和广东社会发展问题

本文分析了教育促进社会发展的功能,同时认为广东的经济发展面临丧失优势的根本原因是教育滞后和教育不均衡。其出路是利用已有优势,解决教育滞后和教育失衡问题;要解决这些问题,就必须转变观念和建立创新机制。     

改革与发展：“十一五”云南旅游发展特点与成效

“十一五”期间,云南围绕旅游“二次创业”和建设旅游经济强省总目标,着力推进旅游综合改革发展,加强旅游对外开放与合作,加快重大重点旅游项目开发建设,加大旅游市场开拓力度,不断完善旅游产业体系,发挥旅游战略产业功能,促进了主要旅游经济指标跃上新台阶,旅游开发建设取得新成效,旅游客源结构呈现新变化,旅游服务水平实现新提高,区域旅游发展形成新格局,旅游发展地位得到新提升,使云南旅游继续保持了持续快速发展的态势。     

坚持科学发展观促进电大教育的改革与发展

坚持科学发展观,必须提高教育质量和效益,努力实现速度和结构、质量、效益相统一,不断增强发展的可持续性。21世纪电大教育的发展,不仅表现在规模的增长,更取决于质量的提高。没有基本的质量要求,规模的扩张毫无意义。坚持科学发展观,必须解放思想,与时俱进,更新理念,开拓创新,正确处理改革、发展、稳定的关系。     

电大文化的孕育与发展

电大文化是电大在近三十年的办学过程中由历届师生创造、传承、积累的物质成果和精神成果的总和,是电大赖以生存和发展的重要根基,电大文化的建设应该成为电大凝聚力和创新力的重要源泉。电大的水土养育电大文化,电大核心价值是电大文化的本质体现,电大在长期实践中形成了电大精神。     

Form and meaning in the development of writing

The purpose of this study was to tap preschoolers’ conceptions about the representational meaning of writing via their notation of sentences having different syntactic and semantic relationships. 60 Hebrew speaking children attending nursery school and kindergarten were individually interviewed. Each child dealt with 10 different pairs of sentences; a written sentence and a spoken one. The semantic relationships between the sentences were different in each pair i.e., identity; total difference; redundancy; entailment and inconsistency. Each time the written sentence was read, first by the experimenter and then together with the child. Then, with the written sentence still in front of him, the child was presented with the spoken sentence and asked to write it down.

Children’s writing-procedures became increasingly differentiated reflecting the relationships between the written model and the spoken sentences. A link was found between the type of semantic relationships and children’s writing-procedures. Results are discussed in terms of level of metalinguistic knowledge involved in writing.

     

科学发展观与教育优先发展

科学发展观是引领现阶段我国教育事业发展的世界观和方法论。教育优先发展的观点源于20世纪50-60年代西方的人力资本理论。自改革开放以来，我国对于教育优先发展思想的认识逐渐深化，并被确立为国家发展战略的组成部分。从科学发展观的视角来看，教育优先发展是科学发展观的内在要求和应有之义，教育的优先发展迫切需要科学发展观的指导和引领。     

西部大开发与西部少数民族地区的发展

西部各少数民族地区要想在西部大开发中得以尽快地发展,必须加大改革的力度,以改革促发展;必须提高开放的程度,以大开放促大开发,以大开发促大发展;必须给予政策和物质支持,增强发展的后劲;必须办好民族教育,夯实发展基础;必须用好民族区域自治刳度,拓宽发展路子;必须搞好民族团结,聚合发展力量。     

科学发展观与高等教育和谐发展

高等教育和谐发展包括目标性和谐、结构性和谐、功能性和谐与机制性和谐。我国高等教育还存在着重物轻人、目标偏颇,盲目攀比、结构失衡,使命模糊、功能失调,体制制约、机制缺失等问题,影响了高等教育的和谐发展。落实科学发展观,促进高等教育和谐发展,就是要落实以人为本、全面兼顾的发展观,整合高等教育发展目标;树立合理分工、整体优化的发展观,调整高等教育系统结构;树立扬正抑负、主动适应的发展观,完善高等教育的适应功能;树立统筹协调、持续有序的发展观,健全高等教育运行机制。