成人高校向普通高校转轨时期的学情分析及对策研究(三)——以新疆教育学院为个案分析

在新的教育形势下,全日制成人高等院校面临着调整与转型。为了把握普高生与成人脱产生的差异,本文以新疆教育学院为个案,对普高生与成人脱产生对学校与专业的认识、就业期望、就业心态等方面的差异进行了调查与分析,并提出相应对策,以期为提高普高生的教学质量提供参考。     

Teacher expectation effects on need-supportive teaching,student motivation,and engagement: a self-determination perspective

ABSTRACT

Previous research has shown that teachers differentiate their behaviour based on their expectations of students. Self-determination theory (SDT) makes explicit how teacher behaviour relates to students’ motivation and engagement, namely, via need-supportive teaching. In the present study, we combined both research traditions and examined associations of teacher expectations with need-supportive teaching and thereby students’ motivation and engagement. Two-hundred-and-seventy-six secondary school students and their teachers (N?=?11) completed questionnaires. The results indicated that teacher expectations were moderately but positively associated with students’ intrinsic motivation and engagement, and negatively with amotivation. These relationships were fully mediated, although with small effect sizes, by need-supportive teaching. These findings highlight the value of combining research on teacher expectations and SDT, to gain further understanding of how teacher expectations may cause teachers to provide more need support to some students than to others, thereby affecting students’ motivation and engagement.     

Individualistic vs. collectivistic study motives: the case of Israeli kibbutz students

Most students of motivation for adult education in general, and post-secondary and higher education in particular, are preoccupied with motives from the standpoint of the individual learner. This article comprises an attempt to examine study motivations from the standpoint of societal expectations. The question raised is: to what degree do post-secondary and higher students take into consideration the collective needs (or ‘functional imperatives’) of their community, instead of, or rather in addition to, their individual aspirations? The question is examined by means of a multi-year statistical follow-up of post-secondary and higher Israeli kibbutz students and a pilot study of their study motives in a random sample. The findings tend to indicate that in micro-social community settings such as that of the kibbutz, individual aspirations in the sphere of post-secondary and higher education may be reconciled to a certain degree with societal needs and expectations.     

Australian teachers voice their perceptions of the influences of stereotypes,mindsets and school structure on teachers’ expectations of Indigenous students

Research demonstrates that teachers’ expectations of students have long-term effects on students’ educational, occupational, health and well-being outcomes. In this Australian-based study, teachers were invited to explore the questions Do teachers have different expectations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students? Why/why not? The findings provide insight into how teachers perceive the expectations of other teachers in relation to Indigenous learners and highlight the underlying assumptions of those perceptions. Teachers also provide valuable insight into what they feel is needed to address these issues. Recommendations are made to enhance pre-service teacher education and professional development to better support those working with Indigenous learners.     

General or vocational English courses for Taiwanese students in vocational high schools? Students’ perceptions of their English courses and their relevance to their future career

Taiwanese vocational high schools (VHSs) deliver general English courses. This paper explores the extent to which these courses are perceived to be appropriately vocationally orientated. This focus gives rise to two main research questions: what are VHS students’ expectations from their English courses, and to what extent are they being met? The research identifies a mismatch between VHS students’ perceived needs from their English course and the actual course of study they receive, which is set by the Ministry of Education. VHS students have clear expectations that their English course will provide them with vocationally relevant knowledge and skills, but the English course they receive does not necessarily equip them for their future employment. Implications for government and educational institutions are explored, including recommendations that English curricula should be reviewed, and that steps need to be taken to ensure that policy goals are in fact delivered.     

Student Technology Rollouts in Higher Education: Lessons From DISCOVERe

ICT rollouts are no longer discretionary: they have become a mandatory function of effective educational institutions. This study examines the rollout of tablet technology at a public, four-year university with particular attention to variations within the student population and the student voice. The research questions included: Do expectations about new technologies vary among students according to socioeconomic factors? If expectations vary, then how do variations within the student population affect student response to ICT rollouts in higher education? Can attention to the student voice, including any variations within the student population, help higher educational institutions field more successful technology rollouts? The study found significant variation among students in the factors affecting technology adoption, which in turn affected the way the rollout was received by students. The study points to ways attention to the student voice can positively inform future technology rollouts.     

Defining educational environments: the case of the Athens Technological Educational Institute (TEI)

The Athens Technological Educational Institute (TEI) as a new organization confronts problems of institutional identity and legitimation. Within this context the present study attempts to define the educational environment of the TEI by assessing expectations of incoming students and evaluations of graduating students (N = 1,213). Student concerns were focused on teacher effectiveness, instructional quality and the need for information on occupations. Personal motivation, attitudes toward future occupation and school affiliation were found to predict both expectations and evaluations. Educational and social background characteristics were mostly insignificant. The implications of the findings for policy formulation are discussed.     

Family Background,Students’ Academic Self-Efficacy,and Students’ Career and Life Success Expectations

This study examined the relationship of family background on students’ academic self-efficacy and the impact of students’ self-efficacy on their career and life success expectations. The study used the national dataset of the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS: 2002), funded by the U.S. Department of Education. Based on a path model, results demonstrated that family background predicted academic self-efficacy positively and students’ career and life success expectations negatively. However, with the mediating influence of academic self-efficacy, family background positively influenced students’ career and life success expectations. School counselors should consider interventions to enhance interactions between parents and students and seek to develop positive perceptions about students’ capabilities and futures. In addition, school counselors need to be knowledgeable about curricula, enrichment classes, summer opportunities, various educational options, and students’ academic and career aspirations for providing better guidance.     

Professors’ Expectations of Students’ Ability to Think

Recent evaluations of the state of higher education have suggested that students must not only learn subject matter content but must be able to think with it. Professors in tertiary education expect that their students will come equipped to handle certain kinds of information and certain kinds of learning tasks. To describe their expectations, faculty use phrases such as the ability to think logically, or to do independent work, or to use abstract terms. But to what extent do they suppose that their students will be able to think? In a study of some learning tasks in the university, professors from three universities and six different disciplines, representatives of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, pure and applied, were interviewed. Faculty expectations of students’ ability to think logically, independently, and abstractly were analysed to show consistencies and differences across disciplines.     

The Monsoon Wedding phenomenon: understanding Indian students studying in Australian universities

How does the University sector identify and support the diverse needs of Indian students? This paper reports on a research project carried out on undergraduate students from India enrolled at a Melbourne‐based University. The focus is the need to understand why Indian students choose an overseas destination for tertiary study. The intent is to explore how the curriculum that they have experienced in their country prepares them for study in another. We examine the expectations of students in relation to studying overseas. The suggestion underlying this paper is that if academic and support staff in tertiary education understand international students in cultural cohorts, then it is more likely that their transition to tertiary education will be easier. We envisage that this may also lead to a greater retention rate for universities.     

成人高校向普通高校转型时期的学情分析及对策研究(一)——以新疆教育学院为个案分析

随着我国教育事业的快速发展和教育体制的深入改革,成人高等院校面临着调整与转型。为了把握普高生与成人脱产生的差异,本文以新疆教育学院为个案,对普高生与成人脱产生在学习期望值等方面的差异进行了调查与分析,并提出相应对策,以期为转型期成人高校的发展尽微薄之力。     

How Mexican students perceive their classroom experience from their professors

Tertiary Education and Management - What relationships exist between Mexican students and their professors? This paper compares student expectations with their experiences. This comparison is done...     

Using expectations and satisfaction to measure the frontiers of efficiency in public universities

Students’ satisfaction with their university and course is of fundamental importance to retain students and promote their positive worth-of-mouth. The objective of this research is to analyse the level of efficiency of Portuguese public universities, according to the expectations and satisfaction of their students. To accomplish the objective, this article uses data envelopment analysis methodology. As our unit of analysis, we selected the faculties making up the universities researched. The analytical input came from the expectations of 1669 students regarding their study programme and their universities. The outputs stem from their satisfaction with their study programmes and their universities. We conclude that university practices do not currently guarantee efficiency. We also observe that efficiency in the relationship between expectations and general satisfaction with the study programme does not represent efficiency in the relationship between expectations and general satisfaction with the university, and vice versa.     

Where is the engineering I applied for? A longitudinal study of students' transition into higher education engineering,and their considerations of staying or leaving

This paper presents results from a qualitative longitudinal study of students' transition into higher education engineering. The study aims at comparing upper-secondary school students' expectations of engineering with their actual experiences when encountering the engineering programme. It explores how this encounter provides a platform for students to become integrated during first year. We find that students' expectations are poorly met by their first-year study programme. In their attempt to bridge the gap between their expectations and their experiences, the students apply three strategies: some endure the gap, some constantly try out different study strategies and some compromised their expectations and identities to become more aligned with the study programme. The findings show that even when students successfully manage to bridge the gap, their strategy may turn out to be counterproductive from a learning point of view. The implications of the study are discussed.     

我院学生学习动机调查分析

通过对我院01、02级学生学习动机的调查、统计,分析了我院学生的学习态度、愿望和要求,以及教学中存在的问题,在职业技能的培训、心理健康教育、教学改革和就业指导等方面提出了解决问题的相关建议和对策。     

Managing the expectations of non‐traditional students: a process of negotiation

In the past decade there has been a dramatic growth in UK student numbers. Widening participation policies are encouraging students from non‐traditional backgrounds to enter higher education. Southampton Institute has found that many non‐traditional students have had little preparation for academic life. These students often have unrealistic expectations of higher education, expectations that sometimes are at odds with a successful transition from secondary to higher education. In addition higher education institutions are often unaware of the way that higher education is perceived by non‐traditional students. This situation cannot remain unchecked and requires some form of discourse. In this paper, a framework used to model a reflective discourse between stakeholders (student, institution) is introduced, and a case study demonstrating the behaviour of an automated negotiation mechanism is presented.     

特殊学生家长对子女心理健康期望的研究

近年来,我国特殊学生的心理健康问题成为国内特殊教育界关注和研究的重要问题之一。特殊学生的心理健康离不开家长的教育和帮助。本研究发现,特殊学生家长对子女心理健康期望的得分是：对子女社会性发展期望〉学习适应性期望〉情绪调控期望。此外,研究表明,特殊学生家长对子女心理健康的期望存在人口变量学的差异。家长恰当的期望会激发特殊学生的潜力,有利于特殊学生形成健康的心理。     

Inside a beginning immigrant science teacher’s classroom: an ethnographic study

Teaching is a highly personal endeavor shaped by ‘funds of knowledge’ and beliefs about teaching, learning, and students. This case study examines how one Asian immigrant teacher’s personal expectations and beliefs influenced his expectations of students and the teaching and instructional strategies he employed. His expectations of students’ behavior and their failure to conform to his expectations influenced him to utilize more traditional, didactic instructional practices and responses to classroom management dilemmas. It is generally assumed that immigrant and minority students will benefit from exposure to teachers from similar backgrounds, and that ethnically diverse teachers can better prepare minority students for the multicultural workplace and global economy. This study focuses on the role a teacher’s background and experiences play in development of their beliefs about teaching and learning, their expectations of students, and the instructional decisions they make regarding teaching and learning. This study suggests that teachers draw on their personal histories and cultural understandings to create classroom practices which are molded by microcosms of personal ‘funds of knowledge’ and beliefs about teaching and learning. In contrast to conventional wisdom and unquestioned myths, this study emphasizes the importance of knowing that teachers’ cultural backgrounds do not necessarily qualify them to provide the most appropriate instructional environment for students from similar cultural backgrounds. This study suggests that all teachers need to learn to recognize and negotiate the unique social elements culturally diverse students bring to the classroom.     

理工科女大学生专业学习的困境及分析

理工科女大学生是一个特殊的群体,面对社会上广为流传的女生不适合学理工科的思维定势,她们通过刻苦与努力,证实了自己的专业学习成绩和能力;然而,面对就业市场中广为存在的性别歧视,以及干得好不如嫁得好的社会环境,她们对所学专业的兴趣是否会有所变化?她们在专业学习中面临着怎样的困境?她们与性别歧视的抗争之路到底能走多远?最后将要终于何处?本文通过对几百名理工科大学生的调查数据分析,以理工科女大学生的专业学习困境为主线,描述了理工科女大学生专业兴趣的变化过程,探讨了在学习的动力和能力等方面存在的性别差异,并进一步分析了造成她们专业学习困境的可能原因。     

College in the media: the relationship between repeated exposure and college expectations

Media consumption can influence viewer perceptions and attitudes. Recent research on media’s effect on college students has failed to address gender differences. Using Mere Repeated Exposure Theory (traditionally used in marketing research), this study aims to answer three research questions regarding college media consumption and college perceptions: What types of fictional college media do college students consume? How does college media consumption differ by gender? How does fictional college media consumption relate to perceived college expectations? Results suggest that college students who consume high amounts of fictional college media are more likely to have positive attitudes towards partying and socializing in college. High consumers of college media, however, do not believe that college media influences their college perceptions. Men are more likely to socialize in college and are more aware than women that college media influences their college perceptions. Women are more likely to believe that college is difficult regardless of media consumption.