论科学教育与教师科学素质的培养

在高等学校开展加强文化素质教育活动,全面推进素质教育,是上世纪末我国高等教育领域的一项重大改革。高等师范教育阶段是学生与科学技术联系较为密切的阶段,在此过程中若多方面加强对学生的科学精神、科学方法、科学思维、科学知识等方面的教育与培养,对形成教师理想人格特征及教师素质全面发展具有重要意义,是提高教师科学素质的根本保证。     

From Everyday Science to Science Education: How Science and Technology Studies Inspired Curriculum Design and Classroom Research

This article illustrates how teachers designed new science learningenvironments and studied teaching and learning within these environments based on their readings of research in science and technology studies conducted from a social-constructivist perspective. Examples of students science-related activities are drawn from a data corpus which includes several hundred hours of videotaped laboratory activities, audiotaped interviews, and student-produced artifacts collected over a period of five years in nearly 30 different science classes.     

科学素养: 学前科学教育的课程目标

学前科学教育应将培养幼儿的科学素养作为课程总目标。幼儿的科学素养主要体现在知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观三个方面。学前科学教育应致力于培养幼儿的科学态度、科学行为与习惯。     

从马克思社会主义观到科学发展观

马克思社会主义观的本质属性体现在两个方面,一是具有以唯物史观为基础的科学的理论体系,二是以实现人的全面而自由的发展为其最高的价值追求。马克思对未来社会的制度设计都是服从和服务于其本质属性的。社会主义建设实践遇到的挫折根本原因是背离了马克思社会主义观的本质属性。邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想从马克思社会主义观的本质内涵出发,结合中国国情,制定出合理的、灵活多样的制度设计,取得了社会主义建设的巨大成就,实现了对马克思社会主义观的复归。新一届中央领导集体提出的科学发展观是马克思社会主义观在当代中国发展的最新理论成果。     

From Aristotle to Zinn in the Science Classroom

Extracts of writings of great scientists and philosophers were used as handouts to supplement text and lectures on environmental science for nonscience majors requiring a laboratory course. An assessment form was developed to judge the impact of this process on students. Results of the first semester are described with plans for future implementation. A list of handouts is appended.     

从“专家说”到“科学素养说”：现代科学教育目标的转变及其启示

科学教育目标的演变主要经历了两个过程：培养”科学专家“和提升”科学素养“。提升”科学素养“主要指三方面内容：了解、掌握科学知识;对科学探究方法和科学程序的理解;作为一一项珠科学的理解。”科学素养说“的科学教育目标,与全面推进素质教育、科教兴国的总方针是吻合的,它强调科技与社会、科技与文化、科技与人之间的关系,可以为我国深化课程和教学改革提供深刻的启示。     

从生态学视角看课堂教学活动

生态保护观念的深入人心，使人们很自然地开始提及“课堂生态”等概念，以生态系统，自组织系统等角度研究课堂教学生态，对于互联网和教育信息化广泛应用后的全新教学实践应当是一种恰当的理论新工具。但生态学自身发展中的价值分歧和观念冲突使借用“课堂生态”等概念前需要有慎重而深入的研究。     

科学实践:科学教学转型与科学素养提升

相对于科学探究,科学实践这一概念是在特殊的背景下提出的,有其独特的内涵。科学实践具有主体性、开放性、多维性、过程性,科学实践有助于学生科学素养的提升,包括科学知识的理解、科学能力的发展、科学精神的培育。开展科学实践的政策建议有科学实践课程化、科学实践多样化、科学实践常态化。     

Use of the Outdoor Classroom and Nature-Study to Support Science and Literacy Learning: A Narrative Case Study of a Third-Grade Classroom

A case study of an exemplary third grade teacher??s use of the outdoor classroom for meeting both state science and language arts standards is described. Data from the researcher??s field journal, teacher lesson plans, and teacher interviews document how this teacher used nature-study to bridge outdoor classroom experiences with the state science and language arts curriculum. This teacher??s early life experiences supported her strong interest in science and nature in the outdoors and experiencing it with her children. Children interacted with the outdoor classroom throughout the day as a context for science and literacy learning. All but one child successfully met Annual Yearly Progress (AYP) goals in reading at the end of the school year.     

Modern Scientific Literacy: A Case Study of Multiliteracies and Scientific Practices in a Fifth Grade Classroom

Journal of Science Education and Technology - This study investigates the convergence of multiliteracies and scientific practices in a fifth grade classroom. As students’ lives become...     

Identifying Science Understanding for Functional Scientific Literacy

Students' questions play an important role in meaningful learning and scientific inquiry. They are a potential resource for both teaching and learning science. Despite the capacity of students' questions for enhancing learning, much of this potential still remains untapped. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to examine and review the existing research on students' questions and to explore ways of advancing future work into this area. The paper begins by highlighting the importance and role of students' questions from the perspectives of both the learner and the teacher. It then reviews the empirical research on students' questions, with a focus on four areas: (1) the nature and types of these questions; (2) the effects of teaching students questioning skills; (3) the relationship between students' questions and selected variables; and (4) teachers' responses to, and students' perceptions of, students' questions. Following this, some issues and implications of students' questions for classroom instruction are discussed. The paper concludes by suggesting several areas for future research that have significant value for student learning.     

Science,Society, and Scientific Literacy

Science & Education -     

科学素养:当代科学教育改革的主旋律

在现代社会里,每一个人都有很多有关个人和社会的事务需要应用科学知识、科学方法和科学的世界观作出适当的决策。因此,具备良好科学素养的人在今天科学技术起主导作用的社会里生活起来可以更应对自如。传统的、重视学科结构和英才培养的科学教育理念,已不能适应现代社会发展的需要。目前,世界上很多国家都把培养学生的科学素养作为科学教育改革的主旋律。     

Analogical Reasoning in the Classroom: Insights From Cognitive Science

Applying knowledge from one context to another is a notoriously difficult problem, both for children and adults, but lies at the heart of educational endeavors. Analogical reasoning is a cognitive underpinning of the ability to notice and draw similarities across contexts. Reasoning by analogy is especially challenging for students, who must transfer in the context‐rich and often high‐pressure settings of classrooms. In this brief article, we explore how best to facilitate children's analogical reasoning, with the aim of providing practical suggestions for classroom instruction. We first discuss what is known about the development and neurological underpinnings of analogical reasoning, and then review research directly relevant to supporting analogical reasoning in classroom contexts. We conclude with concrete suggestions for educators that may foster their students' spontaneous analogical reasoning and thereby enhance scholastic achievement.     

Twenty First Century Science: Insights from the Design and Implementation of a Scientific Literacy Approach in School Science

Although the term “scientific literacy” has been increasingly used in recent years to characterise the aim of school science education, there is still considerable uncertainty about its meaning and implications for the curriculum. A major national project in England, Twenty First Century Science, is evaluating the feasibility of a more flexible science curriculum structure for 15‐year‐old and 16‐year‐old students, centring around a core course for all students with a scientific literacy emphasis. Over 12,000 students in 78 schools have followed this course since September 2003. The development of a detailed teaching programme is an important means of clarifying the meanings and implications of a “scientific literacy” approach. Questionnaire data from teachers at the end of the first and second years of the project (N = 40 and N = 51) show a strongly positive evaluation of the central features of the course design. Teachers perceive the scientific literacy emphasis as markedly increasing student interest and engagement. Key challenges identified are the language and reasoning demands in looking critically at public accounts of science, and the classroom management of more open discussion about science‐related issues.     

Recontextualization of Science from Lab to School: Implications for Science Literacy

Scientists’ science differs remarkably from school science. In order to be taught to students, science is recontextualized from scientific research communities to science classrooms. This paper examines scientific discourse in scientific research communities, and discusses its transformation from an internally-persuasive and authoritative discourse to a purely authoritative discourse under recontextualization. It presents the challenges that recontextualization of science poses for achievement of science literacy goals, and discusses remedial steps that science education community can take to meet them.     

关于社区科普教育与公民科学素质培养的思考

文章通过对我国公民科学素质水平和对社区科普教育活动的分析,探究社区科普教育对培养公民科学素质的意义和作用,并在此基础上提出促进社区科普教育发展的建议和策略,希望能对广大社区科普教育工作者有些许帮助。     

文化学视野中的心理教育

本主要从化学的视野来探讨心理教育的化属性、化功能和化性格。人的心理发展具有化属性．心理教育是人的心理与化的双向建构。多元化运动的兴起引领着心理教育的发展道路,规约着心理教育尊重、反映与提升民族的化个性．呼唤着多元化心理教育的兴起。