基于专业标准的教师教育:澳大利亚的实践与启示

澳大利亚以＂教师专业标准＂为基础的教师教育实践,对我国教师教育具有重要的借鉴价值：建立和出台我国教师专业标准框架,为教师资格制度、教师培养与培训、教师管理与评价提供依据,奠定基础;研制中小学教师培养机构的资质标准和培养课程标准;建立教师培养的认证评估制度;对小学教师实行综合化培养;改革和完善我国教师资格证书制度;建立国家教师培训的指导性规范。     

中国教师教育的过去、现在和未来——顾明远教授访谈

我国教师教育正处于转型时期。传统的师范教育体制已经逐步瓦解,新的教师教育体制尚未最终形成。北京师范大学顾明远教授是中国教育学会名誉会长、我国教师教育专家委员会主任和中国比较教育的奠基人。他参与中国教师教育的实践和研究60多年,亲历了我国教师教育的改革与发展。在本访谈中,顾明远教授叙述了他对我国教师教育发展的历史、现状和未来趋势的认识。     

澳大利亚教学专业标准及其质量保证

针对教师教育改革问题,澳大利亚不断完善专业标准,持续推进教师专业发展。文章重点说明澳大利亚标准导向的专业教学体制,并在教学标准、绩效评价与教师学习之间建立了有机联系,诸如,教学标准的定义、专业原则、内容标准、发展的水平标准及澳大利亚寻求教学专业质量的保证措施。     

Forty years of teacher education in Australia: 1974–2014

In this paper, I analyse the history of teacher education in Australia from 1974 to the current policy moment in which questions are increasingly being asked about the quality of teaching and teacher education. Teacher education is, and has been, a highly scrutinised domain in Australia. Since the 1970s, we have seen more than 100 reviews of teacher education in Australia, with another one recently announced in 2014. I focus on three phases in the growth and development of teacher education in the past 40 years by considering the ways in which teacher education (and teaching) has been thought about at various points in time and analysing the related policies for funding governance and regulation. I finish by focusing on the current policy moment in Australia which is positioning teacher education as a ‘policy problem’ requiring a national solution and consider the role of research in, on and for, teacher education into the future.     

Teachers’ literacy-related knowledge and self-perceptions in relation to preparation and experience

After rating their own literacy-related knowledge in three areas (knowledge about reading/reading development, phonemic awareness/phonics, and morpheme awareness/structural analysis), graduate teacher-education students completed five tasks intended to measure their actual disciplinary knowledge in these areas. Teachers with high levels of prior background (i.e., course preparation and experience) rated themselves as significantly more knowledgeable than did low-background teachers in all areas; high-background participants also significantly outperformed low-background participants on all tasks. However, even high-background teachers scored well below ceiling on the tasks. Regression analyses indicated that teachers’ self-perceptions and knowledge were positively influenced by both level of preparation and teaching experience, although the influences on teachers’ knowledge differed by task. Teachers had some accurate perceptions of their own knowledge, especially in the area of phonics. Results suggest that differentiating levels of preparation may be useful in studying teacher knowledge, and also support the notion of a substantial gap between research on reading and teacher preparation in reading.     

为教育质量提供保障:澳大利亚教师专业标准的比较分析

2003年澳大利亚首次颁布了《国家教师专业标准》,用于指导全国的教师专业发展工作。基于教育改革的发展和变化,2009年联邦教育部着手修订标准,旨在为每个儿童接受优质的教育提供保障。新标准最终由澳大利亚教育、就业和青年事务部认证通过后于2010年颁布。新标准顺应了时代的要求,更多地关注了教师专业发展。     

What do preservice teachers want to learn about puberty and sexuality education? An Australian perspective

The processes of puberty are now commonly observed in primary school-aged students. Schools, therefore, need to address puberty and sexuality education for students’ health, well-being, safety and pastoral care. Similarly, preservice teacher education needs to address future primary school teachers’ unfamiliarity and lack of confidence with these issues and topics, and develop appropriate and normative learning and teaching practices to benefit students of all ages. This paper explores the types of sexuality education content and pedagogies student-teachers prefer to learn about, and be assessed on, in a dedicated sexuality education course in their preservice Bachelor of Education (Primary) degree. A mixed-method design collected quantitative preference ratings and qualitative responses revealing that student-teachers prefer content about the social, developmental and psychological aspects of primary school children’s puberty and sexuality. Student-teachers also prefer school counsellors and school nurses as guest speakers, learning pedagogies in tutorial or small groups and assessments through case studies by oneself or small groups. This Australian evidence may be useful to designers of preservice health and sexuality education courses, who aim to assist primary school student-teachers become more competent, confident and professionally trained in puberty and sexuality education.     

澳大利亚以质量为本的教师教育政策

面对知识经济及信息社会的挑战,澳大利亚联邦教育部从实现高水平学校教育目标的角度出发,从国家层面上掀起了一场提高教师质量的行动。文章从国家政策的角度对澳大利亚提高教师质量的背量及其具体的实施策略等方面进行了分析,以期得出有意义的启示。     

从“师范教育”走向“教师教育”

从"师范教育"走向"教师教育",意味着教师教育观念的根本改变。论文从"师范教育"和"教师教育"各自的概念内涵入手,阐述了"师范教育"走向"教师教育"所凸显的观念更新,以及推进教师教育课程体系整体变革的迫切性。     

Changes in teacher education in Thailand 1978–2014

This paper reviews the long attempt to transform teacher education in Thailand. Although a brief summary of educational systems and models of teacher preparation from 1892 to 1973 has been provided, the prime focus of the paper is on presenting changes in teacher education from 1974 to the present day, against the backdrop of key political and social forces.     

教师教育的改革与创新——2007年国际教师教育研讨会综述

本文对2007年国际教师教育论坛的交流与研讨进行概要介绍,分析了当前国际教师教育领域里的热点问题,探讨了国际教师教育改革与创新的特点,重点阐发了国际教师教育创新的政策支持、教师专业发展的国际比较与合作开发、国际教师专业发展的创新实践等方面的发展趋势,以及国际教师教育改革对我国当前的教师教育改革与发展研究的启示。     

教师教育的改革与创新——2007年国际教师教育研讨会综述

本文对2007年国际教师教育论坛的交流与研讨进行概要介绍。分析了当前国际教师教育领域里的热点问题,探讨了国际教师教育改革与创新的特点,重点阐发了国际教师教育创新的政策支持、教师专业发展的国际比较与合作开发、国际教师专业发展的创新实践等方面的发展趋势,以及国际教师教育改革对我国当前的教师教育改革与发展研究的启示。     

封闭或开放——记20世纪20、30年代对教师培养模式的争论

本文从20世纪20、30年代对师范教育独立与否的争论入手,探讨了影响当时师范学校发展、师范教育体制形成的思想因素。提出了对师范教育专业价值认可与否是争论的关键所在。但师范教育的专业价值确立是今天仍然需要努力的方向。     

对专业型教师教育问题的综述研究

我国的教师教育是专业型教师教育。从颁布《教师法》以来,这种教师教育以对国外教师专业化建构模式的本土化移植为起点,经历了从对“专业”的界定到教师专业化理论成型、从教师专业发展路径拓展到基本理论夯实、从对教师专业化的质疑到新教师教育范式在望的曲折历程。     

Changing localities for teacher training: the potential impact on professional formation and the university sector response

Early in its period of office the new United Kingdom coalition government produced an Education White Paper containing potentially devastating news for higher education training institutions in England and Wales. Drawing on research papers and policy documents, this article takes an historic approach to map the changing face of teacher training over the past 30 years. A variety of approaches to the training of teachers are examined in terms of the partnership arrangements each model espouses and the training approaches that each locality arrangement represents. A small-scale research project maps early responses from higher education institutions as they consider the implications of new policies. Finally, a future scenario where higher education institutions struggle for survival as meaningful providers of teacher education is postulated.     

美、英、澳三国教师教育改革新进展及其启示

人才培养关键在于教师的质量。发达国家与发展中国家在教师教育发展方面存在的差距十分明显。近年来,美国、英国和澳大利亚三国在教师教育改革方面都取得了较大的新进展:制定教师教育改革新政策,高度重视教师专业发展,注重教师职前培养、入职教育和在职培训三阶段培养一体化。比较和分析三国教师教育改革的新进展,有助于我们学习和借鉴三国的教育新理念和改革措施,反思自身存在的问题,促进我国教师教育改革。