浅谈健康教育在中职体育教育中的应用

在中职体育教育中,开展健康教育有利于促进学生身心的健康发展,是全面培养高素质人才的重要内容,有着重要的地位及作用。为此,本文首先分析了中职教育中开展健康教育的必要性,并对如何开展健康教育进行了分析和探讨。     

Reconceptualizing the gendered body: learning and constructing masculinities and femininities in school

How children learn to construct and enact masculinities and femininities is clearly an issue for education and one that has been explored in a wide variety of ways. In recent years, however, our conceptions of gender have once again become problematic, particularly given a gradual slippage regarding the sex/gender distinction and the increasing use of ‘gender’ to refer to matters of biology as well as those pertaining to the social. We now need to rethink how we understand what it is to be male and female, masculine and feminine, and whether the sex/gender distinction and related dualisms are useful to our conceptualization of gender. One way to do this is to focus on the construction of gender in the social systems of which children are a part, including the schooling system. In this paper I consider the legacy of Cartesian dualism both for our understanding of sex and gender and for the schooling system, exploring the interconnections between the two. I examine how the Cartesian legacy underpins the disciplinary and curriculum structures of schools and explore the implications for the ways in which we, as researchers and teachers, view and treat children in schools. Finally, I argue that researchers working in gender and education need to take much more account of the specificities of children’s bodies.     

Reinforcing hegemonic masculinities through sexual harassment: issues of identity,power and popularity in secondary schools

This paper, based on the perspectives of young men, explores the relationship between dominant constructions of masculinities and the sexual harassment of young women in Australian secondary schools, within a feminist poststructuralist theoretical framework. Of particular importance in this process are the ways in which sexual harassment is integral to the construction of hegemonic heterosexual masculine identities; the importance of popularity, acceptance and young men's fears within male peer group cultures; and the utilization of sexual harassment as a means through which to maintain and regulate hierarchical power relationships, not just in relation to gender, but how it intersects with other sites of power such as ‘race’ and class. It is highlighted that sexual harassment is considered a legitimate and expected means through which to express and reconfirm the public and private positions of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ within a heterosexualized, racialized and classed gender order.     

Tomboys and girly-girls: embodied femininities in primary schools

This paper is about how 9–11-year-old children, particularly girls, co-construct tomboy and girly-girl identities as oppositional positions. The paper sits within a theoretical framework in which I understand individual and collective masculinities and femininities as ways of ‘doing man/woman’ or ‘doing boy/girl’ that are constructed within local communities of masculinity and femininity practice. Empirical data come from a one-year study of tomboy identities within two London primary schools. The paper explores the contrasting identities of tomboy and girly-girl, how they are constructed by the children, and how this changes as they approach puberty. The findings suggest that the oppositional construction of these identities makes it harder for girls to take up more flexible femininities, though it is possible to switch between tomboy and girly-girl identities at different times and places.     

中职体育教育中塑造学生人格的路径思考

现如今信息技术不断进步,而社会也是发展的越来越快,社会对人才的要求也越来越高,作为一名优秀的人才,仅仅掌握充足的知识和的技能是远远不够的,拥有健康的体魄和完美的也同样重要。中职教育时期,处于学生具体人格并且不断发展的时期,而这个期间的体育教育具有广泛的影响。本文主要从塑造学生的人格的角度出发,主要探讨中职体育教育的具体塑造路径,希望可以对中职体育教育起到很好的借鉴意义,可以帮助中职学生塑造完美的人格。     

Desirable organisational masculinities: competition and entrepreneurialism in schools of construction in further education colleges

This article presents findings from a study of heads of construction schools within 14 further education colleges. Moving from a culture of hyper-masculinity, of tough, dirty work, construction lecturers and managers have to renegotiate their identity and work practices to become congruent with the inclusiveness of further education, leaving behind the aggression and discrimination embedded within the discourses and behaviours of the building site. However, they do bring with them desirable organisational masculinities, competitiveness and entrepreneurialism, that are highly valued by the contemporary college. The article presents findings of competitive and entrepreneurial practices in schools of construction and discusses the key role heads of construction play in bringing together multiple masculinities for the benefit of their school and their learners.     

Technology and education: ICT in Ugandan secondary schools

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) could, if adopted and implemented appropriately, support learning and teaching in developing countries to provide young people with skills they need to participate effectively in the global economy. However, a significant digital divide still persists between developed and developing countries in terms of both physical resources and the capabilities of teachers to effectively utilize limited ICT resources. A very real challenge for schools is to acquire and effectively utilize ICT given the reality of an environment of scarce and limited resources. This study examines ICT infrastructure and use in 11 secondary schools in Mukono, Uganda using qualitative case study methods including an ICT infrastructure assessment, observations, and interviews. Stratified random sampling was used to identify 7 schools initially; 4 additional schools were also purposefully sampled based on their high levels of ICT. Findings indicate that despite limited resources, schools are investing heavily into ICT. Researchers found that teacher ICT usage at school could be grouped into three categories: administrative (86%), entertainment (45%) and pedagogical (45%). Administrators at some schools reported using ICT primarily to attract students and increase revenue. Implications of this study will assist school administrators to make informed decisions concerning further investment in ICT, efficient use of limited technology resources, and improvement of educational opportunities for students.     

Gendered communities of practice and the construction of masculinities in Turkish physical education

This paper analyses the construction of masculinities in Turkish physical education through Carrie Paechter's conceptualisation of gendered communities of practice. According to Paechter, educational communities of practice operate as sites of gendered activity. Membership within these communities contributes to the construction of a gendered identity. We suggest that this model is useful for conceptualising how Turkish young men come to engage with physical education classes which can be considered as masculine communities of practice. In one Turkish secondary class, we found that football was the most valued practice, determining boundaries of participation and differentiating levels of participation in the learning community. Young men who were immersed and excelled in football took up ‘full’ learning trajectories and became accepted as ‘fully masculine’ while those who were uninterested or non‐competitive in football took up marginalised learning trajectories. We suggest that these diverse learning trajectories came to reflect differentiated versions of masculinity.     

Comprehensive secondary education and middle schools in Belgium

Most of the middle schools in Belgium are two-year schools that form a link between the six years of elementary education and the last four years of secondary education. In Flanders they are regarded as an example of the more global reform of the secondary educational system in a comprehensive sense.First I shall outline the new system of secondary education as it took shape in the beginning of the 1970s, thereby focusing on the first two years — the so-called observation stage. I shall then sketch the development of renewed secondary education and the current situation. In this connection I shall deal with the middle school and the innovation strategy that was followed. Thirdly a report will be given of the research so far carried out.As appears from this contribution, the changes in and the adoption of the new educational structure have not always led to a new school structure and a new school culture. In general, the movement towards moderate comprehensiveness has had only a limited effect on the behaviour of the teachers; there are more indications of effects on the school career of the students.     

学校体育中的奥林匹克体验教育

学校的奥林匹克教育不仅是一种文化教育,更应该让学生在运动中体验奥林匹克深邃的精神实质。构建适合不同阶段学生身心特点、融合奥林匹克知识与精神的体育游戏,充分发挥体育课堂教学的核心作用,同时利用课余时间组织各种形式的体育活动,将有助于学生全面了解奥运知识及奥林匹克文化,深刻体验奥林匹克精神,为学生全面健康发展奠定基础,也必将完善和推动学校体育课程改革与发展。     

从终身体育的视角重构学校体育

人们在早期所形成的体育兴趣、体育锻炼习惯和体育能力对人终身从事体育活动影响很大。因此,学校体育是终身体育的基础。在现代社会,学校体育应在终身体育的视角下进行重构,包括目标与任务、教学内容与安排、评价制度等。     

Men accessing education: masculinities,identifications and widening participation

Drawing on ESRC‐funded research (RES‐000–22–0832), this article examines the accounts of men participating in London access and foundation programmes in relation to their shifting masculine identifications. I consider how the men’s early memories of schooling shape their student masculinities. Their accounts are contextualised in relation to hegemonic discourses of widening participation and neo‐liberalism. Drawing on feminist critique, I pay attention to the men’s self‐regulating practices in their struggle to be recognised as deserving of higher education access and participation. The interconnections and contradictions within men’s identifications across a range of differences are considered in relation to their experiences and imaginaries of accessing higher education.     

Coeducation and Gender Identity Formation: A comparative analysis of secondary schools in Belgium

Present analysis focuses on the way girls and boys perceive their gender identity in mixed or single-sex schools. Use was made of data concerning 6427 third-year pupils from 25 coeducational and 43 single-sex (21 girls and 22 boys schools) academically oriented secondary schools in Belgium. A multilevel analysis (Hierarchical Linear Modeling) was performed controlling for parental socioeconomic status (SES), academic performance, curriculum enrolment, parental support and school mean SES. It was mainly found that coeducational school girls not only tend to identify themselves more strongly in terms of feminine traits than single-sex school girls, but also in terms of masculine traits, even though their classroom behaviour appears to be much more inhibited.     

实施中小学情感教育的两点思考

学校教育的现状、学生健全的发展、素质教育的推进和未来社会的进步都需要重视并加强中小学的情感教育。因此,在减轻学生负担的基础上,我们可以通过课程教学法、学科渗透法、活动培养法、环境陶冶法、自我教育法和个别诊疗法等途径,加强对中小学生进行情感教育,以使学生的身心素质获得全面协调发展。