澳、加留学生教育政策效益分析与比较

留学生教育正在成为西方发达国家绿色出口主导产业之一。澳、加两国高等教育规模不是很大,但在留学生教育上不仅规模大,而且常被誉为典范。本文首先研究了澳、加两国留学生教育发展的现状和成果,然后比较分析了两国留学生教育的政策效益及其政策差异的原因,最后提出了四点政策建议,以供我国高等教育政策制定者参考借鉴。     

外国高等职业教育的特点和发展趋势

简要地介绍澳大利亚、日本、英国和美国等国高等职业教育的基本制度;分析和归纳国际高等职业教育的特点和发展趋势,指出现代职业教育已经或即将不再是低端学生的权宜出路,而同样是通向高新技术世界和挑战型事业的途径。     

Accreditation,Job Opportunities,and Professional Application for Canadian Teachers Trained in Australia

Over the past decade, Australian universities have been at the forefront in the recruitment of international students into professional programmes. These students undertake a variety of postgraduate programmes in such professions as nursing, computing, and education, but there is not a great deal of documented systematic evidence regarding the effects of such training on the professional aspirations and experiences of these graduates once they return to their countries of origin. This article attempts to provide such an assessment through case studies and interviews with forty-six Canadian students who were trained in Australia to become teachers in Canada. Access to a large number of alumni is of assistance in formulating a relatively accurate picture of the value of professional training in the context of a foreign location, at least in the teaching profession.     

国外高职人才培养典型分析与比较

高等职业教育在德国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等发达国家经过了较长发展历程,积累了较为成熟的经验。高职教育发达国家在高职人才培养理念、课程设置、教学模式、师资队伍建设等方面具有各自不同的发展方式和特色,但它们在高职人才培养上具备许多共同特征及可借鉴的有益经验,主要有以下几点：注重学生综合素质和创造能力的培养;课程突出了综合性、灵活性、服务性;人才培养方式重视校企合作、产学结合;职业能力培训和职业资格体系完善;重视教师队伍建设。     

试论我国禁诉令制度的构建

禁诉令制度主要是在普通法系管辖区域内发展起来的,目前主要为英国、美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家采用。我国的相关立法存在不足之处,我国必须构建和完善禁诉令制度,以处理国际或区际民事诉讼中诉讼竞合问题。     

若干留学大国的留学生辅助项目研究

文章介绍了美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等留学大国的留学生辅助项目。研究表明，留学生辅助项目的确能够帮助留学生缩短文化适应期，减弱甚至克服文化冲击带来的各种不适。目前中国大学中，留学生学习和生活方面的辅助项目要么没有，要么非常肤浅，不能满足留学生的现实需要。随着来华留学生人数越来越多，留学生辅助指导工作也越来越重要。比较和借鉴接收留学生的大国比较成熟和系统的留学生辅助指导措施，对我们大力发展留学生教育有着重要的现实作用。     

The incidence of non-return among foreign students in the United States

This article presents a comprehensive concenptual and empirical analysis of non-return among foreign students in the United States. Non-return rates are constructed for 69 source countries using administrative microdata from the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (various years). The conceptual analysis extends the Roy-model formulation of Borjas (1987, 1992) to the return decision of the foreign student. The empirical analysis finds that the variation in non-return rates across source countries is explained by differences in economic and political conditions in the source countries. The article also reports indirect evidence of skill sorting among foreign students who stay in the United States.     

早春七天乐

春假,在早春时节,美国,加拿大、日本,韩国及其它一些国家会给学生放假一周,在加拿大的部分地区将之称为三月假。长假期间,许多年纪稍长些的学生会选择在国内旅行,尤其在美国。期间也会有很多聚会,不少未成年人会在聚会中饮酒。     

International Students: The Canadian experience

This paper is an analysis of the results of a voluntary on-line survey administered to international students attending Canadian universities. The participants include students attending a full programme of study as well as English as a second language (ESL) and exchange students. This study examines the role of the university with reference to providing the pertinent information/services to the students, pre- and post-arrival. Certain choice patterns of international students in selecting Canada vis-à-vis other countries are also examined. The results of our analyses indicate that Canada seems to have performed well in meeting the expectations of international students. Furthermore, this study did help to illustrate some of our inherent strengths that, if marketed properly, could allow Canada to enlarge its share of the foreign student market.

     

International Students: The Canadian experience

This paper is an analysis of the results of a voluntary on‐line survey administered to international students attending Canadian universities. The participants include students attending a full programme of study as well as English as a second language (ESL) and exchange students. This study examines the role of the university with reference to providing the pertinent information/services to the students, pre‐ and post‐arrival. Certain choice patterns of international students in selecting Canada vis‐à‐vis other countries are also examined. The results of our analyses indicate that Canada seems to have performed well in meeting the expectations of international students. Furthermore, this study did help to illustrate some of our inherent strengths that, if marketed properly, could allow Canada to enlarge its share of the foreign student market.     

从西方外语教育特色看我国外语教育改革

我国的外语教育是社会的热门话题,改革路向何方引起许多争议。文章概述了我国外语教育的发展历程,对英、美、澳、日等西方发达国家在外语教育方面的成功经验进行简要探讨分析,剖析我国外语教育改革过程中出现的问题和障碍,并提出应对策略,以期更加科学、合理地促进我国外语教育的健康发展。     

高等教育的国际化:外国学生政策之比较分析(续)

高等教育的国际化主要可以由学生、教师、课程及研究这四个方向来进行。由于国际学生的流动人数庞大,其消费构成价值数百亿美元的市场,因此招收外国学生不只有利于长期政治、经贸关系的耕耘。国家竞争力的提升,更是重要的外销服务性产品,故工业先进国家和区域性组织将之视为既是高等教育、也是政治和经济的重要策略。为了进一步了解高等教育国际化的内涵与策略,本文由高等教育国际化的历史发展、高等教育国际市场的类型与规模切入,并分析欧盟、荷兰、澳洲、日本和马来西亚等国的相关政策。透过比较研究,本文指出高等教育国际化具有多重目标、留学生选择留学国家时考虑多重因素,因此为了完成高等教育国际化的特定目标,各国／区域组织必须选择对应策略。值得注意的是,高等教育国际化固然有其重要性,但是过度重视招收外国学生也可能带来负面影响。     

高等教育的国际化:外国学生政策之比较分析

高等教育的国际化主要可以由学生、教师、课程及研究这四个方向来进行。由于国际学生的流动人数庞大 ,其消费构成价值数百亿美元的市场 ,因此招收外国学生不只有利于长期政治、经贸关系的耕耘、国家竞争力的提升 ,更是重要的外销服务性产品 ,故工业先进国家和区域性组织将之视为既是高等教育、也是政治和经济的重要策略。为了进一步了解高等教育国际化的内涵与策略 ,本文由高等教育国际化的历史发展、高等教育国际市场的类型与规模切入 ,并分析欧盟、荷兰、澳洲、日本和马来西亚等国的相关政策。透过比较研究 ,本文指出高等教育国际化具有多重目标、留学生选择留学国家时考虑多重因素 ,因此为了完成高等教育国际化的特定目标 ,各国 /区域组织必须选择对应策略。值得注意的是 ,高等教育国际化固然有其重要性 ,但是过度重视招收外国学生也可能带来负面影响     

加拿大多元文化教育及对我国民族教育的启示

加拿大是多元文化教育发展较好的国家,就是这样一个多元文化杂烩的国度,1990年被联合国发展计划组织评为首位最适合“人类生长”的国家.这与加拿大人始终尊重多元文化,关注多元文化教育有很强的相关.加拿大多元文化教育与我国的民族教育有很大相似性,因此可以从异国的经验中求得当前中国多元文化教育的可持续发展路径.     

Participation and exclusion: A comparative analysis of non-traditional students and lifelong learners in higher education

The dramatic growth in student numbersassociated with the shift from elite to masssystems across virtually all developedcountries is central to current transformationsin terms of structure, purpose, social andeconomic role of higher education. As a part ofthis process of expansion and heterogenization,new groups of students who, for a complex rangeof social, economic and cultural reasons weretraditionally excluded from orunder-represented in higher education, mightbe expected to participate in increasingnumbers. The paper develops the concept ofnon-traditional learners and demonstrateshow an examination of ways in which highereducation systems respond to such learners canprovide a fruitful basis for a comparativeanalysis of change in higher education acrossten countries – Austria, Australia, Canada,Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden,United Kingdom, and the United States. Theprimary emphasis in the study was on theinstitutional and policy issues which appearedto either inhibit or support participation bynon-traditional learners. On this basis sixfactors were identified which seemed to beparticularly influential with regard to theparticipation of non-traditional students andthe associated moves towards a lifelonglearning mode of higher education.The evidence suggests that, while progress canbe reported on a number of dimensions incomparison with a similar analysis ofparticipation by adults students in the samecountries undertaken just over a decadeearlier, high participation rates do notautomatically imply that the functions ofhigher education in social selection andreproduction are obsolete, or that issues ofaccess and equity can be regarded as featuresof the past.     

High school students’ concepts regarding food chains and food webs: a multinational study

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the views of high school students with regard to food chains and food webs. This investigation included 96 randomly selected students from three countries (32 from each country): the USA, Australia and Canada. Each subject was individually interviewed using the interviews about events method. During each interview, the investigators asked the subject a set of standard questions that was developed prior to the beginning of this study. The investigators found that most of the students from all three countries had some difficulty in providing a complete explanation of the complex feeding relationship that occurs within a food web and that some of these students revealed one or more misconceptions about these relationships.     

CLIL教学理论初探及对我国EFL教学改革的启示

CLIL(Content and Language Integrated Learning)是双语教学在欧盟非英语国家的别称。它承袭了加拿大"浸入式"教学理念,将外语作为非语言学科的教学语言,使语言与学科在教学过程中共同发挥作用。外语不仅是学习的内容,还是学习的工具,实现了由孤立单纯的外语教学向外语与不同学科知识相结合的教学模式发展。本文通过对欧盟非英语国家的CLIL研究综述,对其教学框架与策略的梳理,希望为我国EFL教学长期面临的教学效果不佳、无法与双语教学进行有效过渡的问题提出一些建议。     

国外私学公助实践模式的比较及思考

本文以国外私校公助为研究对象，首先阐述了私学公助的理论依据，然后分别介绍了荷兰、加拿大、澳大利亚和法国的私学公助的政策和途径，最后概括了国外私学公助的基本模式及种类，分析了私学公助的有关理论问题。本课题的探讨将为完善我国民办教育法规提供有益的借鉴。     

International mobility of PhD students since the 1990s and its effect on China: a cross-national analysis

ABSTRACT

Of all the levels of education, doctoral education is the most internationalised. By selecting one key indicator (the proportion of international students among a country’s doctorate recipients), the article presents an analysis of PhD students’ international mobility. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, many barriers to the international mobility of PhD students were removed, leading to an even larger flow of students. From 2000 to 2012, the international mobility of PhD students reached a new peak, with a significant increase in the percentage going to Japan, France, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and Australia. Nowadays, China has become the largest source of international doctoral students. In that process, a number of excellent students go abroad to study for foreign doctoral degrees. On one hand, the loss of excellent students is harmful to China’s PhD training system, but on the other hand, it is a great opportunity for China to change brain drain into brain gain by making full use of the knowledge diaspora scattered around the world.     

Rising against a gathering storm: a biopolitical analysis of citizenship in STEM policy

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) is a form of education seen by many governments and educators as a preparation of the types of students needed for the future. STEM education is being developed in many countries without the support of official policy, such as is the case in Canada. In the United States, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and a private non-profit organisation, Achieve Inc.?, have been enlisted to develop policy to guide the development on STEM nationally. Due to its influence in global politics and economy, many countries, including Canada, are interested in how the United States is preparing its citizens for the future through STEM education. In this paper we present a critical discourse analysis on STEM policy from the United States as a basis to discuss: biopolitics in science education; notions of citizenship in contemporary school education and science education; and citizenship and STEM education.