集体主义与个体主义道德文化的教育反思

集体主义与个体主义文化的概念是西方学者在20世纪70、80年代提出,最近十几年来备受争议.研究表明,这种差异实际上反映的是文化或外部环境要求的差异,而不是人类道德心理普遍的本质倾向.在儒家学说和亚洲价值观中同样有民主、权利等政治思想.对亚洲青少年关于权利和民主决策的推理研究表明,东西方青少年的道德推理并不存在显著文化差异,即使在中国文化内部,青少年的道德推理也不存在城乡差异.这表明,自主、权利和民主的概念来源于人类普遍的心理需求.     

中国传统文化与外语学习自主性

学习自主性概念常常被认为是西方的文化价值观念，因而不适用于中国。文章从广义的自主性概念入手，探讨中国传统文化对外语学习者的影响，并通过问卷调查得出结论：中国传统文化并不排斥学习自主性；中国学生同样有自主要求；中国外语教学也应重视学习自主性。     

论传统文化之国情教育功能（一）

目前国情教育中存在着一些不足，这源自于国情教育的偏差、西方“强势”文化扩张、对中国传统文化的教育不够和缺乏对中国优良爱国传统的认识。我们通过对国情教育的主要内容的叙述和传统文化在国情教育中所起的作用的分析，认为国情教育的重点在青少年，应通过各种方法和途径加强青少年的国情教育。     

营造电影意境抒写民族诗情

作为中国传统艺术精神最集中表现的意境，对中国电影形成独具特色的民族文化品格。保持民族的自主性有着重要的作用。因此，本文试图以中国电影的具体艺术实践为考察对象。来着重阐明中国电影所特有的、创造性地运用电影语言，营造诗化意境的主要审美特征和有别于西方的中国韵味和民族诗情。     

对中国小说由传统向现代转换中一些问题的思考

清末民初，是中国小说由传统向现代发生转换的一个重要时期。其在文学史中的价值，不仅体现为它自身所取得的文学成就，还在于它作为一个转换期所具有的多元性和包容性，以及在这样一个系统中，其为现代小说的发生和孕育所提供的必需性条件。同时，中国现代小说的诞生无疑受到了西方文化和西方文学深刻影响，但是，外在的影响只能通过中国社会的接受主体实现，其转换要受到中国文化心理结构的制约和规范，这也是中国小说在受到西方文化影响之后，其所变异和诞生的新小说和新文化依然具有鲜明的中国特色和气派的重要原因。     

社会科学的自主性与开放社会科学──从《研究与反思》谈起

当代中国社会科学自主性的存在和发展,既要借鉴西方社会科学实证主义的传统,确立具有科学性和规范性的学术运作方式,又要吸收当代西方社会科学对传统社会科学的重思和否思的成果,避免"现代性"的后果,建立具有本上意识和特色并能与西方社会科学发展进行平等对话和交流的开放社会科学。没有脱离社会、政治、经济和文化场域而独立存在的社会科学场域,任何从一极走向另一极的文化霸权都不能替代真正的学术交流和实践。     

论传统文化之国情教育功能（二）

目前国情教育中存在着一些不足,这源自于国情教育的偏差、西方“强势”文化扩张、对中国传统文化的教育不够和缺乏对中国优良爱国传统的认识。我们通过对国情教育的主要内容的叙述和传统文化在国情教育中所起的作用的分析,认为国情教育的重点在青少年,应通过各种方法和途径加强青少年的国情教育。     

青少年服饰品牌名称的文化语言学分析

本文从当下中国内地社会中青少年所熟知、喜爱的服饰品牌的名称入手，分析其中所反映的名称本身的文化内涵、企业的文化内涵和青少年的文化涵养，并探究当前中国内地青少年服饰品牌名称现状的原因：企业经济利益的驱使，青少年崇洋心理，青少年求新、异、奇的心理和大众传媒的推波助澜。     

自主性学习能力的培养在《西方政治思想史》课程中的应用

自主性学习能力对于当前我国的大学教育质量提高和学生综合素质培养具有十分重要的意义。西方政治思想史是很多社会科学专业一门重要的基础课程,学好这门课程具有重要的意义,把自主性学习能力的培养融入到教学中对于学好该课程具有很大的帮助。最后,分三步在西方政治思想史教学中融入自主性学习能力的培养,使自主性学习能力的培养具有实践上的可操作性。     

青少年违法行为的家庭预防--儿童自主性的培养

青少年违法行为是一个跨越时间和空间的永久性热点课题。在青少年违法行为的诸多影响因素中，家庭对儿童自主性的忽视是导致青少年违法行为的最主要因素之一。儿童自主性的发展经过了从对行为限度的意识，到初步作为规范的掌握、是非观念、判断能力及自我控制能力形成的过程。自主性的发展是青少年法律意识和自律行为的必要前提。发展儿童的自主性可以有效预防青少年违法行为；对自主性发展水平较低的青少年，要特别注意避免不良同伴的消极影响。     

Adolescent-Parent Conflict among Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong

Adolescent-parent conflict was examined in 120 lower-class Chinese early, mid-, and late adolescents in Hong Kong. Individually interviewed adolescents described actual family conflicts, rated their frequency and intensity, justified their own and their parents' perspective on disputes, described how conflicts were resolved, and rated their parents' parenting styles. Conflicts were primarily with mothers, of moderate frequency and severity, and occurred over everyday issues. Chinese adolescents reasoned about conflicts primarily in terms of personal jurisdiction; personal reasoning decreased with age and was more frequent among males than females. Parents' reasoning was seen as primarily pragmatic. Adolescents wanted greater autonomy in decision making than their parents granted them, but parents' views prevailed less with age. Chinese parents were described as relatively warm and controlling; greater parental control and lower warmth were significantly related to conflict frequency and intensity. The findings are seen as reflecting autonomy development in a different cultural context.     

失落与回归:对幼儿教师专业自主权的思考

幼儿教师作为专业人员，其完成教育使命的工作性质及其教学的实践性特征都要求他应当拥有专业自主权。应树立幼儿教师本位观，在教育话语世界里给予教师的个人话语与研究者的理性话语、决策者的权势话语以同等的地位。幼儿教师自身专业自主意识的觉醒是幼儿教师专业自主权的回归之路。     

Desire for Increased Autonomy and Adolescents’ Perceptions of Peer Autonomy: “Everyone Else Can; Why Can’t I?”

Two studies examined adolescents' personal autonomy beliefs and their perceptions of peer autonomy. Study 1 sampled 527 adolescents (M = 15.40 years) and found that adolescents desired increased autonomy most over personal and multifaceted issues and least over moral and conventional issues. Younger adolescents and girls desired increased autonomy more than did older adolescents and boys, respectively. Overestimation of peer autonomy was moderate but stable. Finally, results indicated that adolescents who perceived their friends as having more autonomy than they did were more likely to desire increased autonomy over multifaceted and prudential issues. Study 2 sampled 170 early adolescents (M = 13.39 years) and used a longitudinal design to further support the conclusion that adolescents utilize peers as metrics to gauge the appropriate pacing of behavioral autonomy development.     

Liberalism,Parental Rights,Pupils’ Autonomy and Education

Liberals, from Mill to Rawls see personal autonomy as paramount in civil society. They see human dignity to consist essentially in personal autonomy, that is, ‘in the ability of each person to determine for himself or herself a view of the good life’ (Taylor, C. (1992) p. 27). Multiculturalism and “The Politics of Recognition” p. 57 (Princeton, Princeton University Press). This emphasis on personal autonomy underlies much of liberal emphasis on freedom of conscience, justice, rights and fairness. Its core thesis is that a just society seeks not to promote any particular view of the good life, but enables its citizens to pursue their own ends consistent with a similar liberty for all others. Yet, when some citizens in America attempted to pursue their own view of the good life, they came up against head‐on conflict with the liberal state. These groups saw civic education with its emphasis on individual choice, on reflecting and weighing of alternative viewpoints and on personal autonomy, as threatening to their way of life and to their fundamental religious beliefs, and consequently they challenged the state in the courts. What ensued raised profound educational problems for educating children, parental rights, and the right of the State in a liberal democratic society, which are discussed in this paper.     

Emotional Autonomy Redux: Revisiting Ryan and Lynch

Ryan and Lynch have suggested that emotional autonomy in adolescence, at least as indexed by Steinberg and Silverberg's Emotional Autonomy Scale, is associated with poor family functioning and might therefore be better conceptualized as detachment. In the present study, we contrast adjustment scores among adolescents who differ in both emotional autonomy and perceptions of support in their relationship with their parents. Several thousand adolescents aged 14 through 18 completed Steinberg and Silverberg's emotional autonomy measure, a measure designed to assess the provision of support in the parent-adolescent relationship, and a number of standardized measures of adjustment. Adolescents high in emotional autonomy but low in relationship support show problematic adjustment profiles, consistent with Ryan and Lynch's interpretation of the measure as an index of detachment. Although adolescents high in both emotional autonomy and relationship support report more internal distress and behavior problems than some adolescents, they score higher on measures of psychosocial development and academic competence than their peers. Emotional autonomy in the context of a supportive adolescent-parent relationship may carry some developmental advantages as well as some deleterious consequences suggested by Ryan and Lynch.     

高等学校自主权概念研究

高等学校自主权是一个极其复杂的概念，源于西方大学的自治权，就性质而言，有时表现为权力，有时又表现为权利；就内容而言，有的表现为权力，有的表现为权威。在我国的权力语境中，高校自主权就是指高等学校依据法律、法规的规定，以办学目标为基础，以学术自由为主要内容，按照自身特点和内部规律的要求，由其章程所规定、效力只及于内部成员的自主决策、自主实施、自主承担责任的资格和能力。     

论少数民族的教育平等权与自主权

以政治平等为基础的各民族享有平等的受教育权利，这是我国社会主义的民族教育同资本主义民族教育的概本区别，实现教育权利的平等，是为了争取各民族在经济，化等一切领域内的平等。各民族有自主管理和发展本民族教育的权利，这是民族教育平等权利得到以实现的重要制度保障。     

重构自主性作为教育目的:中西耻感取向的积极意义

长时间来,西方罪感文化承接道德自律意义,东方耻感文化则被视为他律。论文尝试消弭此一刻板印象。而自伦敦学派以降,自主性也成为核心的教育目的。论文首先检视伦敦学派对自主性的提出及近年所受的批评,企图说明理性自主观,无须放弃,但须吸纳情感、意志、认同等元素,重构后的自主概念,将更易于与耻感接轨。接着从人类学者雷德菲德大小传统之概念架构,分别从代表大传统的儒家典籍中,诠释耻感在其中扮演自律的积极意义;小传统中,面子(脸)文化,也同步加以反思。论文也从两位西方学者对羞耻的分析,即威廉斯发掘前苏格拉底的希腊传统,以及舍勒对抗来自弗洛伊德泛性的释放本能欲望说,重温耻感在现代生活的积极意义。论文暂时的结论是无论东西方,耻感或面子文化,容或有他律道德的负面意义,但其所设定的外在他人等,若经转化,将能修正西方理性自主近年受到之批评,同时能发掘出道德自律的积极意义。     

Group Identity,Individual Autonomy and Education for Human Rights

The United Nations Declarations of Human Rights (1948) express an ideal for the protection of cultural rights of everyone. They propose an education that is multicultural and non‐discriminatory and recognise that parents have the right to choose their children's education. Article 13.3 of the International covenant on Economic and Social and Cultural Rights gave parents the right to choose for their children “schools other than those established by public authorities to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions”. The paper feels uneasy with this principle that grants parents the right to educate their children in conformity with their own convictions. Such rights could result in restricting the education of children to the narrow framework of parental beliefs and values that could be antithetical to social harmony, individual autonomy and equal opportunity. The question is, should such a right be extended to all parents including those who believe in racial superiority, in apartheid, Nazism or Fascism or in the inherent intellectual differences between boys and girls? The paper discusses some of these issues and asks how can the best interests of the child be served in a pluralist, multicultural, multiracial society. The paper acknowledges that in a pluralistic democratic society there will always be tensions between the public interests, the interests of the group and the interests or autonomy of the individual. These interests are discussed within the framework of fundamental human rights, common or separate schooling and multicultural education. The paper sees these as interrelated issues which are connected with group identity and equal opportunity. Where these interrelated issues conflict, the paper takes the stance that the rights and the autonomy of the individual should take precedence over the others, especially if the notion of human rights and human dignity is to be preserved in practice. This is obviously a controversial issue and the hope is that the paper will open up these issues for further discussion and debate.     

Raymond: A Case Study Illustrative of the Diagnostic Limitations of a Quantitative Score

ABSTRACT

The author attempted to explore potential antecedents of achievement goals and relations of teacher and parental autonomy support versus psychological control to Taiwanese adolescents’ perfectionistic tendencies. A total of 512 eighth-grade students completed self-reported questionnaires assessing variables of interest. Results indicated that perceived autonomy support versus psychological control together with perfectionistic tendencies play a role in predicting Taiwanese adolescents’ achievement goal orientations. In addition, the present findings replicated effects of autonomy-supportive versus controlling social environment consistently found in Western cultures. The author also documented profiles of adolescents with different perfectionistic tendencies. Adaptive perfectionists reported higher levels of teachers’ autonomy support and lower levels of parental psychological control than did maladaptive perfectionists. Also, adaptive perfectionists were more likely to adopt approach-oriented goals.