翻译中的母语负迁移及其对策——以汉译日中词汇的选用为例

第二语言习得研究表明,母语迁移是影响二语习得的重要因素之一。它会在语音、词汇、句法及语用等层面影响各个子系统的学习。本文通过对中日两种语言的对比分析,借助翻译教学中的实际案例,探讨中国日语学习者在汉译日过程中,因母语负迁移在词汇选择和运用时出现的典型误用,并提出相应的对策,以期减少母语负迁移对翻译造成的影响。     

母语负迁移对学生英语写作的影响——以非英语专业学生习作错误为例

母语固有的思维模式在第二语言学习中的影响是学界普遍关注的一个问题。而写作是对各种语言知识的一种综合体现,当学习者用第二语言写作时,其母语同第二语言的不同之处不可避免地会导致错误的产生。笔者选取若干非英语专业大一新生习作中的错误,采用错误分析、汉英对比以及迁移理论具体分析了母语负迁移对中国大学生英语写作的影响,并提出了建议,以期能在最大程度上削弱这种母语的负迁移影响。     

谈英语及对外汉语教学中的负迁移现象

无论是在以英语还是以汉语作为第二语言的学习过程中，都会不同程度地存在着第一语言对第二语言的影响，本文着重探讨其中的负面影响，即负迁移。负迁移的形成是由于英、汉两种语言的差异，甚至过度相似性或是由于学习者在学习过程中过度借助或照搬第一语言的知识而造成的，在此，笔者主要从英、汉两种语言及思维差异的角度，分析了实际教学中各个平面的负迁移现象，包括语义、语法结构、语用等各层面上的负迁移。根据分析结果，笔者提出具体教学中避免负迁移产生的相关对策：（1）重视第一、第二语言的对比分析；（2）以科学的态度看待语言学习过程中的语言错误现象。     

第二语言习得中母语迁移影响因素研究

在第二语言学习过程中,母语迁移是一个不可忽视的重要影响因素。无论是我国学生在国外留学,还是国内的外国留学生,母语迁移,都是他们在学习第二语言过程中,不可避免的难题。从方向上来划分,第二语言习得中的母语迁移包含正负两个方向。基于这种情况,就需要教师在教学过程中,更加注重发挥母语迁移的正向作用,减少母语负向迁移给学生第二语言学习造成的不良影响。     

英语口语中的母语负迁移及其对教学的启示

迁移（transfer）是行为主义心理学上的术语,是指对A任务的学习会影响到对B任务学习的结果。在语言学研究领域中,语言迁移（language transfer）是描述二语学习过程中母语对二语学习产生影响的术语。迁移可以有正迁移（facilitation）和负迁移（interference）。母语迁移既体现在对二语输入的理解过程中,又体现在二语输出的产生过程中。本文根据录音材料分析了英语学习者口语表达中母语负迁移引起的其中介语（interlanguage）中各种错误。尝试着提出正确对待母语负迁移的方法。     

交际中的负向迁移及其对外语教学的启示

在跨文化交际中,人们往往借助于母语的语言规则、交际习惯、文化背景及思维方式来表达思想,从而产生了我们所说的一种语言迁移现象（Language transfer phenomena）。语言迁移通常可分为三种形式,正向迁移（positive transfer）,负向迁移（negative transfer）和零向迁移（zero transfer）。其中零向迁移有的心理学家把它纳入负向迁移范畴之内。所谓正向迁移是指母语的语言规则和习惯与第二语言相一致,学习者可依靠母语与第二语言的共同点来促进学习,加强交际,以期更好地掌握第二语言,这种正向迁移对学习者的交际来说正好起到积极作用。所谓负向迁移是指第二语言中的语言规则与母语之间有着根本的分歧,这时如果将母语规则和习惯运用到第二语言中去,势必会造成错误,在交际中就会导致语用失误,这种负向迁移对学习者来说,恰恰起到了干扰作用。所谓零向迁移指的是母语中不存在第二语言的某个规则而在语言习得者的中介语（inter-language）之中出现的一种迁移现象。在英语教学过程中,正向迁移几乎不教它的规则学生都能掌握;但对负向迁移（包括零向迁移）这种语言现象,教师如果不加指导,引导学生去认识,学生在交际中就可能出现语用失误。由于许多错误是与交际双方的文化有关,所以许多语用失误往往引起操本     

谈英语及对外汉语教学中的负迁移现象

无论是在以英语还是以汉语作为第二语言的学习过程中，都会不同程度地存在着第一语言对第二语言的影响，本文着重探讨其中的负面影响，即负迁移。负迁移的形成是由于英、汉两种语言差异，甚至过度相似性或是由于学习者在学习过程中过度借助或照搬第一语言的知识而造成的，在此，笔者主要从英、汉两种语言及思维差异的角度，分析了实际教学中各个平面的负迁移现象，包括语义、语法结构、语用等各层面上的负迁移。根据分析结果，笔者提出具体教学中避免负迁移产生的相关对策：（1）重视第一、第二语言的对比分析；（2）以科学的态度看待语言学习过程中的语言错误现象。     

浅议母语迁移对二语习得的影响

语言学习过程中母语对第二语言学习有着正迁移和负迁移的影响,教师应该在教学过程中因势利导、趋利避害,更好地通过母语来达到第二语言学习的最佳效果。     

如何克服英语书面表达中的母语负迁移

语言学习过程中母语对第二语言学习有着正迁移和负迁移的影响,教师应该在教学过程中因势利导,更好的通过母语来达到第二语言的学习效果.     

第二语言习得中母语负迁移现象及对策

在第二语言习得研究领域,母语知识对外语习得的影响是心理语言学家和语言学家正在讨论的重要问题之一。母语会对第二语言习得造成迁移现象,这种现象可以分为两种：正迁移和负迁移。本文通过在语音、词汇、句法、语篇和语用几个层面上的对比分析论述了母语对第二语言习得的负迁移,并提出了克服第二语言教学中的母语负迁移的对策。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.