男子110米高栏跨栏步的现代技术特点分析

高栏跨栏步技术的发展趋势已从＂跨栏＂阶段进入到＂跑栏＂时代,其特征是远起跨、近下栏、攻栏腿屈膝高摆,下栏迅速,过栏时重心起伏平稳,并与栏间跑的衔接更加紧密。腾空过栏是跨栏跑中的关键技术,腾空过栏中,其摆动腿动作正确与否将直接影响腾空过栏动作的质量。研究认为腾空、过栏、落地、速度几个环节不同于传统技术是高栏跨栏步的现代技术特点。     

浅议身高在未来跨栏早期选材中的重要性

一、身高在跨栏技术中的作用 评价运动技术的两大基本标准是实效性和合理经济性。现代110米栏跨栏技术的发展也正朝着这一方向前进。自90年代以来,其发展趋势便由“跨栏”向“跑栏”发展,愈发强调整体技术的直线性,向前性和稳定性。运动员的身高则与技术特点有着密切关系。 第六届世锦赛生物力学研究大会跨栏的研究结果中强调:过栏时间(thurdle)不仅说明运动员的短跑能力,还说明运动员的技术水平,并且必须考虑运动员的人体形态学参数即身高和腿长,以及飞行     

青少年跨栏运动员身体形态选材简介

一、身高身高是跨栏运动员选材的重要指标。对于110米栏运动员来说,高身材可以轻松跨过栏架,并且在栏间3步跑时保持适宜的步长,如果身高较低,不但跨栏时身体在空中滞留的时间长,影响跨栏速度,而且在跑栏间距时需要努力加大步长,耗费体力,影响栏间节奏。而对于400米栏运动员     

对我国女子400m栏运动员栏间步数与身高的统计分析

影响女子400m栏技术因素主要包括：运动员身高、跨栏技术以及栏间跑的步数等。本文通过对我国女子400m栏运动员有关技术资料的统计分析，以期寻找栏间步数与身高的内在关系，探索适合我国女子400m栏发展的栏间跑步数及运动员身高，为400m栏科学训练和选材提供参考。     

110米跨栏跑过栏时的现代技术特点

现代跨栏运动水平提高之迅速,反映了跨栏在训练、技术方面有了新的突破。这除了运动员的身高逐增、百米速度提高较快外,主要原因是过栏技术有了较大的改进。 1、跨栏步摆动腿角度的变化 跨栏步摆动腿技术的变化都是依据“攻栏前、攻栏时,过栏和下栏时”几个阶段变化的(这里跑栏绝不能理解为短跑一样)。其变化较大的是在上述四个阶段中摆动腿大小腿角度的变化,另外还有攻摆方面,速度及力量的变化等。 从现代技术看,攻栏前起跨腿在垂直部位时,摆动腿的大小腿已     

跨栏跑“跨栏”与“跑栏技术”特征的研究

在跨栏运动训练中,要提高跨栏专项成绩,就必须解决好栏上的过栏速度和栏间跑技术,也就是跑跨结合和跨跑结合问题。研究结果表明：现代跑栏技术要求运动员起跨腿应有适宜的起跨距离和角度,摆动腿应屈膝攻摆,积极＂鞭打式压着地＂;另外,运动员栏间三步应有鲜明,快速的节奏。通过一些专门性练习可以诱导运动员合理,平稳的由跨栏技术向跑栏技术过渡。     

浅析少年男子“高姿”过栏新技术

目前学校及业余体校对少年男子跨栏运动员的教学训练过早的成人化,其原因是：少年男子跨栏运动员的选材日趋高大化,身高均高达1．80m以上,百米平跑速度也提高较快。由于身高大、速度快现象的出现,往往使训练者对少年男子跨栏运动员的训练手段以错觉,使之成人化。在我国实行的竞赛规则规定中,少年男子110米栏的栏高较低,栏距较短,这种特定的栏架设置对于身材高大的少年男子跨栏运动员来说是比较容易的,甚至不用“跨”,用“跑栏”即可顺利过栏。     

平跑速度是影响我国直道跨栏成绩的主要原因

<正> 跨栏是属于短跑范畴的,全程要在高速向前奔跑过程中有节奏地连续跨过十个栏架,因此,跨栏运动员必须具备优秀的短跑速度,勇往直前的勇气以及良好柔韧性和熟练的过栏技巧。如果平跑速度不理想,其它因素(过栏技术、意志、身高)等,也就显得不占优势了。一、直道栏成绩提高原因的回顾国内外一些优秀跨栏运动员成绩提高的实践证明:平跑成绩是跨栏成绩提高的基础。如我国     

110米栏运动的技术、速度特征与训练

跨栏跑属于速度性的径赛项目,它的成绩取决于运动员的平跑速度、完善合理的跨栏步技术和跑跨结合的能力。全程跑技术可以分为起跑到第一栏的技术、跨栏步技术（过栏技术）、栏间跑技术和终点跑技术等四个部分。由于全程跨栏跑主要是由跨栏步和栏间跑若干跨栏周期所组成,因此,跨栏步和栏间跑是跨栏跑技术的重点。110m栏距离短、速度快、技术复杂、对运动员的身体素质要求高,是跨栏跑最具代表性的项目。     

男子直道栏运动员身体形态的选材

本文所要研究的是在跨栏项目中对成绩起重要影响的身体形态因素。通过对它的研究可以使我们缩短训练进程,缩短达到最高运动成绩的时间,实现训练目的。跨栏运动员身体形态的选材包括:身高、克托莱指数、下肢长指数、大小腿长指数、髋指数。跨栏运动员要求身材颀长、体重适中、下肢长与身高比大,大腿长与小腿长比小。1.身高因素:根据男子110米栏的栏高106.7厘米和男子重心高度占身高的56%计算,选材的身高应为1.90米以上, 以栏间最大步2.10米和平均步长、腿长≥2.16计算,以及男子腿长占身高的平均值45.9%计算,选材的身高应为1.90-     

身高标准体重指标与大学生身体成分的关系

为探讨身高标准体重指标与身体成分的关系，以220名普通大学生（男女各110名）为实验对象，通过测量其身高、体重与身体成分，结果发现身高标准体重指标与身体成分之间相关性极低（P〉0．05），而体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比和腰臀比（WHR）与身体成分有高度相关性（P〈0．01）。结论：（1）《大学生体质健康标准》中身高标准体重指标不能客观有效地评价身体成分；（2）建议在《大学生体质健康标准》中，评价身体成分的指标宜选体脂百分比、BMI和WHR，首选为体脂百分比。     

浙江省少年田径运动员身体形态指标的比较研究

采用测量、数理统计、比较等方法,探讨少年田径运动员身体重心高度、身高、下肢长A等指标在不同生物年龄段的变化特征及各指标间的内在关系。结果表明,少年田径运动员身体重心相对高度与下肢长A/身高×100%指数基本上是随着生物年龄的增长而下降,身体重心绝对高度、身高、下肢长A年增长值总体的变化趋势较为一致;少年男、女田径运动员身体重心绝对高度与身高、下肢长A之间为高度相关,身体重心相对高度与下肢长A之间为不相关。     

Quantitative assessment of the serve speed in tennis

A method is presented for assessing the serve speeds of tennis players based on their body height. The research involved a sample of top world players (221 males and 215 females) who participated in the Grand Slam tournaments in 2008 and 2012. The method is based on the linear regression analysis of the association between the player’s body height and the serve speed (fastest serve, average first-serve, and second-serve speed). The coefficient of serve speed (CSS) was calculated as the quotient of the measured and the theoretical value of the serve speed on a regression line relative to the player’s body height. The CSS of >1, 1 and <1 indicate above-average, average, and below-average serve speeds, respectively, relative to the top world tennis players with the same body height. The CSS adds a new element to the already existing statistics about a tennis match, and provides additional information about the performance of tennis players. The CSS can be utilised e.g. for setting the target serve speed of a given player to achieve based on his/her body height, choosing the most appropriate match strategy against a particular player, and a long-term monitoring of the effectiveness of training focused on the serve speed.     

新疆塔吉克族13-17岁中学生三项身体形态指标现状分析

采用文献资料与数理统计法，对新疆塔吉克族13—17岁中学生身高、体重、胸围三项身体形态指标及体重／身高、胸围／身高指标进行分析。结果表明，三项形态指标均随年龄的增长而增长，其增长速度因年龄、性别的差异而不同。     

Maturity-associated variation in sport-specific skills of youth soccer players aged 13-15 years

The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of experience, body size and maturity status to variation in sport-specific skills of adolescent soccer players. The participants were 69 players aged 13.2-15.1 years from three clubs that competed in the highest division for their age group. Height and body mass were measured and stage of pubic hair development was assessed at clinical examination. Years of experience in football was obtained at interview. Six football skill tests were administered: ball control with the body, ball control with the head, dribbling with a pass, dribbling speed, shooting accuracy and passing accuracy. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, stage of sexual maturity, height, body mass and years of formal training in soccer to the six skill tests. Age, experience, body size and stage of puberty contributed significantly but in different combinations to the variance in four of the six skill tests: dribbling with a pass (21%; age, stage of maturity), ball control with the head (14%; stage of maturity, height, body height x body mass interaction), ball control with the body (13%; stage of maturity, years of training) and shooting accuracy (8%; stage of maturity, height; borderline significance, P = 0.06). There were no significant predictors for the tests of dribbling speed and passing accuracy. In conclusion, age, experience, body size and stage of puberty contributed relatively little to variation in performance in four of the six soccer-specific skill tests in adolescent footballers aged 13-15 years.     

身高、体重对大学男生身体机能和素质影响的比较研究

身高、体重是反映人体形态结构和生长发育水平的重要指标之一。依据浙江省大学男生体质监测数据库身高、体重2项指标数据,计算其派生指标,分析其与身体机能和身体素质内在的本质联系,以揭示大学男生这一群体在生长发育中所表现的特有的客观规律,为大学男生的健康教育提供可借鉴的科学参考依据。     

对中国女子撑竿跳高运动员推离瞬间握点与身体重心之间的高度值的研究

本文从运动生物力学和运动训练学角度对影响中国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员推离瞬间握点与身体重心之间的高度值(H2) 的主要因素进行统计学检验和分析,研究结果表明:身体伸展程度、肩角和身体重心位置是影响H2 值的最主要因素,而单臂支撑高度和髋角对H2 值有一定程度的影响。     

Anthropometric characteristics of Columbia, South Carolina, youth baseball players and Dixie Youth World Series players

The purpose of this study was to compare measures of body size in two samples of youth baseball players with normative data from the United States National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth charts. One sample of youth baseball players participated in a local little league. The second sample of youth baseball players were members of eight of the twelve teams participating in the 1995 Dixie Youth World Series. Normative data for the United States (NCHS) were used as comparative data. Two trained anthropometrists measured standing height, sitting height, lower limb height, upper limb length, arm girth, calf girth, tricep skinfold, and abdomen skinfold on all participants. In both samples, pitchers, short stops, and first basemen were a more highly skilled group and exhibited larger body size (greater standing height, sitting height, lower limb height, upper limb length) than children who played at other positions. The standing height of local little league players was similar to the median of reference data at ages 7, 8, and 9 years. The standing height and weight of skilled players in both samples approximated the 75th percentile for standing height and weight at ages 10, 11, 12, and 13 years. The results suggest that baseball players exhibit larger body size than the normal population at young ages. Body size may be an important criterion used by coaches to select and assign young players to certain positions.     

Growth and body composition in Brazilian female rhythmic gymnastics athletes

Abstract

The aim was to analyse the physical growth and body composition of rhythmic gymnastics athletes relative to their level of somatic maturation. This was a cross-sectional study of 136 athletes on 23 teams from Brazil. Mass, standing height and sitting height were measured. Fat-free and fat masses, body fat percentages and ages of the predicted peak height velocity (PHV) were calculated. The z scores for mass were negative during all ages according to both WHO and Brazilian references, and that for standing height were also negative for all ages according to WHO reference but only until 12 years old according to Brazilian reference. The mean age of the predicted PHV was 12.1 years. The mean mass, standing and sitting heights, body fat percentage, fat-free mass and fat mass increased significantly until 4 to 5 years after the age of the PHV. Menarche was reached in only 26% of these athletes and mean age was 13.2 years. The mass was below the national reference standards, and the standing height was below only for the international reference, but they also had late recovery of mass and standing height during puberty. In conclusion, these athletes had a potential to gain mass and standing height several years after PHV, indicating late maturation.     

Anthropometric characteristics as discriminators of body-building success.

A total of 36 non-elite male body builders were observed at the time of competition. Their mean physical characteristics (+/- S.D.) were: age, 24.6 +/- 4.8 years; height, 174.4 +/- 6.7 cm; bodyweight, 80.3 +/- 11.0 kg. Their body composition values were: percentage body fat, 9.3 +/- 1.6%; fat-free mass, 72.8 +/- 9.8 kg. The mean somatotype for all subjects was: endomorphy, 2.3 +/- 0.6; mesomorphy, 6.2 +/- 0.9; ectomorphy, 1.2 +/- 0.6. The body proportions (cm) included: biacromial diameter/bi-iliac diameter, 1.463 +/- 0.132; torso length/height, 0.468 +/- 0.018; chest circumference/abdominal circumference, 1.345 +/- 0.059. The body builders in the present study were younger, had lower bodyweights, lower fat-free mass, lower mesomorphy ratings, smaller circumferences, and smaller skeletal dimensions than elite body builders reported in the scientific literature. When the body builders in the present study were divided into successful and unsuccessful groups based on actual competition results, a multiple-discriminant analysis found that biacromial diameter/bi-iliac diameter, torso length/height, chest circumference/abdominal circumference, percentage body fat, height, and bodyweight accounted for 80.6% of the explained variance. These data indicate that the success of a body builder can be accounted for in large part by easily obtained physical variables.