重视大学物理教学 提高学生科学素质

强调大学物理教学的重要性,论述了在大学物理教学中提高学生科学素质应注意的三个方面,即重视基本知识的教学;重视研究方法的教学;重视物理学史的教学．     

物理霍尔效应实验的数据采集与处理

研制开发了霍尔效应实验数据采集与处理自动化的硬件和软件,详细描述了下位机控制系统的工作原理、逻辑设计以及上位机的算法,并得到了理想的实验结果。     

Subjectively assessed student profiles in physics

Conclusions It is clear that in this particular educational system teachers' and lecturers' subjective assessments of each student on the cirteria given, were based primarily on two subjective impressions of the student; the students ‘academic ability’ and his, or her “motivation for academic work”. A major proportion of the variance on the physics subjective scales could be explained in terms of these two factors. However the factor scores did little to increase the prediction of success in University physics examinations over and above prediction based on school physics examination results. There was some indication that subjective assessments may have a potential use in predicting non-examination ‘attributes’ of importance, for example drop-outs and future career intentions. Undoubtedly much greater reliability and validity of student scores related to objectives needs to be obtained both via examinations and subjective assessments if future studies are to yield really useful student profiles.     

基于经验学习的物理教学--谈音调的教学设计思想

从新课程“学会学习,学会合作,学会生存,学会做事”的教育理念出发,从越来越多的学生学习声乐、学习器乐的实际出发,可以发现初中教材“音调”这一节教学的每一个环节“音调高低的定位与感受、物体振动频率与音调高低的关联、各类乐器的音调调节与调号的定位……”,都与学生的音乐经验有很密切的联系．     

An investigation on the effects of using interactive digital video in a physics classroom on student learning and attitudes

Interactive digital video provides students with control of computer visualization techniques and allows them to collect, analyze, and model two-dimensional motion data. Activities that use these techniques were developed for students to investigate the concept of frames of reference in various real-life situations. This investigation examines the effect on student learning and attitudes of using these materials in an introductory college physics course. The study measured students' computer attitudes and found improvement in students' feelings of comfort in using computers after completion of the activities. We found students' prior computer experience did not influence their perceptions of the activities. The majority of participants perceived discussion and the computer visualization techniques as being very effective in helping them learn, Students' understanding of the physics concepts were assessed and the participants' scores were compared with nonparticipants' scores. Although analysis of variance statistical procedures revealed no significant differences between the two groups, the results of this study indicate that sophisticated instructional video software can be perceived as easy to use and effective by students who are novices and experts in using computers. Thus, interactive digital video tools and activities have the potential to provide physics teachers with the latest technology to bring the active process of learning physics to their classroom. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 34: 467–489, 1997.     

论物理学教育在素质教育中的重要性

培养学生创新意识和创造能力是21世纪大学教育的目标所在,也是素质教育的重要内容,物理学的教育在培养大学生创新意识和创造能力方面有着不可替代的作用,本文就物理学的特点及其对社会的贡献,论述它在素质教育中的重要性。     

Increasing student participation in the learning process

This paper is about increasing student participation in the teaching and learning process. It describes a methodology designed and implemented by the author for an Industrial Analysis unit in 1990–91 and emphasises the underlying educational philosophy. Industrial Analysis is a second year subject within the course Industrial and Business Systems, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering in De Montfort University (former Leicester Polytechnic).The test of educational quality is assumed to be — What students are able to do on their own after exams. The programme aimed to train second year engineering undergraduates for industrial placement in the third year and, more generally, to bridge the gap between Institutes of Technology and industries.The subject — Industrial Analysis — is compared to the rest of the course — Industrial and Business Systems. The purpose is to assess how second year students perceive learning. With such knowledge a teaching approach could be devised to improve learning outcomes.The student-centred teaching approach is based on three pillars: explanation of theory, instruction on research methods, industrial applications. A total of 111 students form 25 teams and research 18 industries. The focus is on Research capability and Group interaction.Helpful guidelines emerge from student performance — how to avoid common pitfalls in research, such as unclear objectives, wide scope, vague approach, excessive data, superfluous technicalities and digressions. Advantages of early focusing are illustrated. Factor analysis is applied in order to find out how concepts are integrated by students.Sharing of experiences and team-working routines in class is used to bring down psychological barriers to learning. Individual and team levels of learning are examined through successive exposures and cycles.     

理解--物理学习的关键

理解是物理学习的关键．学生可以通过对物理知识、技能、概念与原理的理解与掌握来发展他们的能力．在实际中,有的学生学习物理知识牢固、灵活,能举一反三,融会贯通,具有创造性．而有的学生学习只是停留在表面上,形式地记住了某个概念的词句,对公式、法则的套用,不知道概念的本质属性,不知道原理的来龙去脉,知其然不知其所以然无法变通．理解学习无疑是很重要的．     

The application of machine learning to student modelling

This article considers the prospects for applying machine learning techniques to the problem of maintaining the dynamic student models needed for intelligent tutoring. We imagine a learner endeavouring to understand a climate classification scheme through exploring a data-base guided by a tutorial system which does not itself know the classification rules. We consider the possible use of the focussing algorithm for concept learning as a basis for such a tutorial system. Several difficulties with this approach to guided discovery learning are discussed.     

基于问题学习的物理教学

基于问题学习(Problem-based Learning,也译成问题式学习)是一种与建构主义理论及其教学原则非常吻合的教学模式,它以问题为中心,让学生围绕问题展开知识的建构,籍此过程促进学生灵活掌握基础知识和发展高层次的思维技能、解决问题能力以及自主学习能力.其教学过程一般包括以下几个环节:形成一个小组,提出一个新问题,解决问题,展示与交流成果,在解决问题后进行反思.这种教学模式与我国当前的教学改革所提倡的诸多模式如研究性学习、发现式学习以及启发式教学在基本理念上具有极大的相似性,与当前的教育改革趋势具有一致性,因此对物理教学改革思路很具有启迪意义.本文在简略论述其理论基础上,以其教学过程为主线举学生建构浮力、密度概念的例子来阐述基于问题教学模式在物理教学中的具体应用,以起到抛砖引玉的作用.     

The contributions of social learning to language acquisition

Psycholinguists have often lost sight of the functions of language in their search for structural regularities. This paper focuses on three social learning variables whose roles in language development have often been discounted. Feedback or reinforcement has been said to be unrelated to grammatical development since parents tend to reinforce the truth instead of the grammar of their children's utterances. But evidence is presented showing that feedback for the child's comprehension responses can affect production of grammatical forms. Modeling or imitation has been said to be unimportant in grammatical development because most children's utterances are novel and because the frequency of imitation appears unrelated to the rate of language growth. But evidence is presented showing how many utterances can be both imitative and novel and showing that the role of these selective imitations has not been assessed properly in many studies. Contextual constraints on language have been considered unimportant in many psycholinguistic theories. But evidence is presented showing that communicative competence is related critically to the ability to adjust utterances to contextual constraints and that the language of the young child is deficient in this regard. The educational advantages of a functional analysis of language are discussed.     

物理课堂教学中的合作学习存在问题的探讨

合作学习是一种富有创意和实效的教学理论与策略.物理课堂教学中合作学习出现的一些问题发人深省.促成有效合作学习应从内容选择、目标确定、合作动因的探索、评价尺度合理性的研究等几个方面综合考虑,加以实践.     

高中学生学习物理障碍浅析

高中物理，若干年来教师反映难教、学生反映难学、考试难、考分相对其它学科要低，使学生在心理上、情绪上、方法上、能力提高上等方面遇到的障碍相对就要多一些。探索和研究高中学生学习物理的障碍，寻求一些有效的消除障碍的方法是我们物理教师需要长期研究的问题。下面是笔者在教学中的一些体会，在此以求抛砖引玉。     

The use of student learning styles in teaching world politics

This article describes how experiential learning theory can be utilized to teach introductory world politics. Student learning styles and their modes of learning are considered in course design. The objective is to create a learning environment that facilitates active participation and reflection.He is coeditor ofConflict in American Foreign Policy: The Issues Debated (1985) and teaches primarily in the fields of American Foreign Policy and Soviet Politics. Patricia H. Murrell is Director of the Center for Study of Higher Education and a Professor in the Department of Counseling and Personnel Services at Memphis State University. She is co-author ofLearning Styles: Implications for Improving Educational Practices (1987) and has studied the learning preferences of graduate and undergraduate students, including law students.