创新驱动发展战略的实施策略研究

创新驱动发展战略的实施是我国转变经济发展模式、提升产业结构、实现跨越发展的必由之路。本文从驱动对象、驱动方式和驱动力源泉三要素出发,以科技创新和管理创新链条为坐标轴,构建了"四相模型",理清创新驱动发展战略的基本认识问题,提出创新驱动发展战略的策略选择思考和策略选择路径,并对现阶段存在诸多阻碍创新驱动发展战略实施的难题提出了策略建议。     

实施创新驱动发展战略简论

党的十八大报告明确提出要"实施创新驱动发展战略",这充分表明了我们党依靠科技创新来加快转变经济发展方式的坚定决心,对于我国加快建设创新型国家、开启迈向科技强国的新征程,具有十分重大的意义。从内涵、背景、对策等方面系统梳理实施创新驱动发展战略的一系列相关问题,有助于全面把握实施创新驱动发展战略的精髓要义,增强实施创新驱动发展战略的自觉性和坚定性。     

西藏经济社会与科技协同发展的战略方向及创新对策

推动西藏经济社会与科技的协同发展是西藏主动适应经济发展新常态、同全国一道全面建成小康社会、推进新型城镇化和生态文明建设、改善民生的重要战略举措,互联网时代的第三次工业革命为西藏经济社会与科技协同发展提供了可能。未来西藏经济社会与科技协同发展需重点实施创新驱动发展战略、科技兴藏惠民战略和科技稳藏固边三大战略,推动西藏由传统农牧业科技主导向科技支撑现代农牧业及经济社会全面发展转变,由引进创新向集成创新和协同创新转变,由引进适用技术向兼顾引进高新技术转变,由科技援藏向科技援藏与兴藏相结合转变,由注重应用基础研究向注重实用性技术研究转变。为了实现上述战略转变,建议将西藏现代农牧业、特色优势产业、高原生态环境保育、新型城镇化、创新能力提升等五大战略领域作为重点创新方向,建设经济社会与科技协同发展的国家级创新高地,启动编制《全国科技援藏实施规划》,实施"珠峰学者"高端人才培养计划和"高原之星"职业人才培养计划,建立经济社会与科技协同发展的创新共同体,健全基层科技管理组织,独立设置县级科技机构,为建设创新型西藏做出贡献。     

区域创新驱动战略发展存在的问题及对策

创新驱动战略是提升区域竞争力、促进区域实现可持续发展的必由之路。目前我国区域创新驱动战略存在传统制造业改造升级难度较大、创新驱动战略所需资源分布不均、创新成果向企业生产转化率不高等问题,因此,区域创新驱动战略要采取完善企业制度凸显企业创新主体地位、地方政府结合实际发展新兴产业等方面的措施。     

创新驱动发展与政府职能调整

党的十八大明确提出:"科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑,必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置."报告强调要坚持走中国特色自主创新道路、实施创新驱动发展战略,这为加快经济发展方式转变指明了方向.政府也不断深入实施了一系列针对科技体制改革、国家创新体系建设等的政策措施.但在中国经济不断获得高速发展的同时,社会对政府在经济发展中的职能引发了一定的讨论:政府在经济工作中职能是什么?政府工作人员的权限应该在哪里?是否有些权限已经超过了政府工作人员的职责范围.改革开放至今,我国经济社会发展面临的许多挑战能否解决,可能都与我们能否解答这些问题有关.     

改革发力促进创新驱动发展

创新是引领发展的第一动力,是建设现代化经济体系的战略支撑。面对全球新一轮科技革命与产业变革的重大机遇和挑战,面对新时代和经济发展新常态下的趋势变化及特点,面对束缚科学家、科技人员、企业家、创业者创新的障碍,迫切需要深化体制机制改革,实施创新驱动发展战略,解决要素驱动、投资驱动向创新驱动转变的掣肘问题,以改革方式释放创新的强大动能。     

试论我国创新驱动战略的形成及其意义

创新驱动战略是实现国家富强和中华民族伟大复兴的重要战略举措,胡锦涛同志在党的十八大报告中鲜明地提出,要实施创新驱动战略。我国创新驱动战略的形成大致经历了起步、发展、转变和完善这四个时期。创新驱动战略的形成对指导社会主义科技事业转变发展战略方向具有极其特殊的意义。     

科技社团服务创新驱动发展问题研究

<正>全国科技创新大会强调"要动员和引导广大科技工作者走在科技改革发展前列,把智慧和才华更多地凝聚到科技创新上来,努力做出无愧于时代、无愧于人民的创新成果"。党的十八届三中全会把实施创新驱动战略,提高科技创新能力放在更加突出的位置。习近平总书记在视察山东时指出,要大力实施创新驱动发展战略,着力增强创新驱动发展新动力。泰安市委十届五次全会强调,要在发展动力上实现新转变,要求大幅提高自主创新能力,加强产学研用协同创新。全市     

基于重要性-绩效分析的创新驱动发展战略实施重点任务识别研究——以西安为例

运用重要性-绩效(IPA)分析方法,本研究以西安市79家科技型中小企业的调研数据为例,实证分析并识别了区域创新驱动发展战略实施的重点任务,主要包括:科技基础条件平台建设和资源共享、评估机制,科技经费投入政策机制,人才服务和社会保障机制,打破行业壁垒和保护以及政府行政审批制度改革等五大重点任务。最后,结合西安市创新驱动发展现实状况,从完善科技基础条件平台建设、创新研发投入方式、搭建区域合作网络、深化政府自身改革、重塑区域创新文化以及完善市场运行机制等方面提出可能的政策建议。     

塑造当代创新文化践行五大发展理念

正党的十八大明确提出要坚持走中国特色自主创新道路、实施创新驱动发展战略,实现发展方式的根本转变。十八届五中全会进一步强调,实现"十三五"时期发展目标,破解发展难题,厚植发展优势,必须牢固树立并切实贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念。这是我国立足全局、面向未来做出的重大决策,是关     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.