破乳剂对脱盐原油含盐的影响

原油破乳剂能够破坏原油中油和水的乳化状态,促使油水分离,对原油进行脱盐、脱水,所以破乳剂的选择对脱后含盐的合格率有直接的作用。通过对原油破乳剂的改进,使脱盐原油的合格率提高到98%,降低了能耗和加工成本,满足生产的要求。     

阴离子乳化沥青破乳剂的研究

我们对阴离子乳化沥青的破乳剂进行了研究,通过重复试验,筛选出常见的、成本低廉的无机盐作为阴离子乳化沥青的破乳剂,能显著的加快破乳速度．试验结果表明,调节破乳剂的配比,可在不同的条件下．控制施工进程和改善施工质量．     

复方尿素乳剂的研制

目的研制一种有效治疗瘙痒性皮肤病的复方尿素乳剂.方法按制剂学原理制备了复方尿素乳剂,建立了酸碱度、卫生学、鉴别反应、含量测定等质控方法,进行了加速试验、自然室温留样考察及皮肤刺激性试验.结果pH值7.2～7.4,卫生学检查符合要求,其鉴别反应与含量测定方法简便易行,并且乳剂稳定无变化,对皮肤无刺激性反应.结论制备该乳剂工艺简单,所得制剂质量可控,性质稳定,可满足临用药要求.     

高含水原油的破乳剂筛选方法改进——以克拉玛依油田九一区为例

针对克拉玛依油田九一区高含水原油破乳脱水问题进行研究。首先采用《SYT5281—2000原油破乳剂使用性能检测方法（瓶试法）》所述方法对原油破乳剂进行初步筛选,再对脱水率较高的破乳剂用自行设计的试验方法进行筛选,最终选定适合克拉玛依九一区高含水原油用破乳剂。该法对油田开采后期高含水原油的破乳剂筛选具有普遍意义。     

2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂的研制

通过不同溶剂、乳化剂、防冻剂的配方筛选试验,得到优化配方为高效氯氟氰菊酯原药2.6%、溶剂7%、乳化剂14%、防冻剂5%、余量为水的2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂.经热贮稳定性、冷贮稳定性、经时稳定性等测定,所配制的2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂的pH值、自发分散性、稀释稳定性、浊点等各项质量指标合格.     

LAN破乳剂在新疆混合油中的应用

含水原油是一种比较稳定的油包水型乳状液,油中的极性基团浓集于油水界面而形成牢固的单分子保护膜。加入破乳剂后,由于破乳剂具有极性,削弱或破坏了油水界面的保护膜,使水滴结合,并迅速长大,直至水从原油中分层脱除,以达到脱水的目的。     

直流极化法对溴化银T颗乳剂电性能的研究

采用Wagner直流极化法对溴化银T颗粒乳剂的电性能作了研究.研究结果表明,未经光照的溴化银T颗粒乳剂具有一定的电子电导率.与曝光后的溴化银T颗粒乳剂相比,未经光照的溴化银T颗粒乳剂具有更高的电子电导率.另外,在未经光照的卤化银乳剂微晶体中,如果添加防灰雾剂,其电子电导率会明显上升.感光乳剂电性能的变化反映出溴化银乳剂微晶体内自由电子与填隙银离子结合的状态.本文还从分子结构的角度探讨了四氮唑等防灰雾剂对溴化银乳剂微晶体自由电子与填隙银离子结合的阻滞作用.     

重质原油电脱盐脱水工艺优化分析

电化学脱盐脱水过程是原油加工的第一道工序,原油含盐含水不利于石油加工,会使催化剂中毒,影响产品质量,对设备造成很大的腐蚀危害。通过电化学实验研究了原油电脱盐脱水技术优化的工艺条件,探讨了脱盐温度、破乳剂和脱钙剂注入量等对电脱盐脱水效果的影响。优化试验得到:在60℃时,采用NS-885破乳剂的脱水效果最好,与原油的质量比为300μg/g;采用六偏磷酸钠的脱钙效果最好,与原油的质量比为100μg/g。     

肉鸭病毒性肝炎病原分离鉴定及防治试验

用发病雏肉鸭肝脏作病料分离病毒，经雏鸭保护试验、鸭胚中和试验证明分离病毒为鸭肝炎Ⅰ型病毒，用分离株研制出油乳剂灭活苗，用油乳剂灭活苗配合弱毒苗免疫肉种鸭，可显著提高下一代雏鸭的母源抗体，明显降低鸭病毒性肝炎的发病率。根据肉鸭的生长规律和疫苗特点设计免疫程序，用肉鸭生产鸭病毒性肝炎高免血清。     

以PAPA为引发剂的原油破乳剂合成及性能试验

试验以一种新的引发剂M与环氧化物(epoxide)聚合(polymerization)，筛选出一种性能良好的破乳剂-RPE(99)21，并对其物理、化学性质和脱水性能的变化规律进行了探讨。     

Impacts of expressive writing on children’s anxiety and mathematics learning: Developmental and gender variability

Expressive writing (EW), or writing about one’s thoughts and feelings, has been posited to reduce the working memory (WM) load that pressure and anxiety can impose on test-takers. The mechanisms of EW are far from clear, however, and social and developmental questions about its role in shaping children’s engagement with academic contexts remain. We report a study with 250 10–12-year-olds (M_age = 11.55; SD_age = 0.48; 127 females), exploring gender differences in these younger children’s use of EW before a high demand mathematics lesson on ratio. In contrast to the literature with adults, children assigned to EW had greater anxiety relative to control. The highest-achieving higher-WM girls also were most impacted by EW, showing decreases in immediate learning and retention relative to their counterparts who did not write expressively. A mediation analysis indicated that EW reduced learning gains by increasing children’s anxiety during the lesson, thereby suggesting that EW functioned quite differently from its use in older youth and adults. These data suggest that emotion regulation skills may be an under-considered mechanism that underpins benefits of EW in older adolescents and adults.     

Activity and Action: Bridging Environmental Sciences and Environmental Education

The main goal of this study was to examine the Environmental Workshop unit taught to Environmental Sciences majors in the high schools in Israel and learn if, and in what ways, this unit could become a model for environmental education throughout the high school curriculum. We studied the special characteristics of the Environmental Workshop (EW) unit, which is based on inquiry-based learning that takes place in and out of school, and includes an environmental action component as well. We describe three approaches to the EW we identified. After identifying teachers’ challenges in assessing their students, in addition to the phenomenographic study, we suggest and demonstrate assessing the EW students by relevant socio-scientific issues. Finally, we argue that the EW could be incorporated in the junior as well as the high school curriculum as a coherent unit that is in line with environmental education in its broader sense.     

Targeting Interventions: Moderators of the Effects of Expressive Writing and Assertiveness Training on the Adjustment of International University Students

Acculturative stress is a common experience for international students and is associated with psychological and physical problems. In a previous study (Tavakoli et al. Journal of Counseling Psychology 56:590-596, 2009), the authors reported that two stress reduction interventions—expressive writing (EW) and assertiveness training (AT)—had limited overall benefits among international students at an American University. The current analyses of data from that study investigated whether individual differences moderated the effects of EW and AT. Results indicate that greater acculturative stress at baseline predicted greater improvement from both interventions. Additionally, women benefited more from AT than EW, except that EW improved women’s physical symptoms. Men benefited more from EW than AT. Students with limited emotional awareness and expression tended to benefit from both interventions. Finally, nation of origin cultural differences generally did not predict outcomes. It is concluded that the benefits of EW and AT can be enhanced by targeting these interventions to specific subgroups of international students.     

不同药剂及方法防治玉米地下害虫的研究

四种农药分别采取两种使用方法进行玉米田间小区试验,通过药效测定,结果表明:各药剂在苗后24天防效均在85%以上,其中辛硫磷拌种及撒毒土防治效果最好,分别为95.69%和95.2%,明显优于其它供试药剂.各处理的防效均显著高于未施药的对照区.辛硫磷与呋喃丹、甲拌磷药剂之间防效差异达显著水平,而同一药剂在不同使用方法上差异不显著.     

Encouraging ecological behaviors among students by using the ecological footprint as an educational tool: a quasi-experimental design in a public high school in the city of Haifa

The aim of the current study is to explore whether the ecological footprint is an appropriate tool for encouraging ecological behaviors in students. In the quasi-experimental research that we conducted, four classes from one of the public high schools in the city of Haifa (N?=?130) participated in an environmental education (EE) program (intervention program) based on the theoretical and practical aspects of the ecological footprint and the action competence approach in EE. Two classes (N?=?70) constituted a control group. Ecological worldview (EW), perceived behavioral control (PBC), behavioral intentions (BI), personal norms (PN), pro-environmental behavior (PEB), and self-reported behaviors were measured by means of questionnaires completed by the students in their classes before and after the intervention program. The results show statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups in the variables PBC, PN, and BI. However, no statistically significant differences were revealed in EW and PEB. The results indicate that incorporating the ecological footprint as an educational tool in high school might yield some predictors of PEB.     

大型复杂空间桁架结构非线性有限元求解格式

针对大型复杂的空间桁架结构的大位移静力分析,提出一个新的几何非线性求解格式。该格式基于有限元法,采用节点位置而不是节点位移来描述问题。应用固定空间的笛卡尔坐标系,从提出的位置概念直接确定应变。将该求解格式算例结果与弧长法计算结果比较,结果表明,该求解格式具有良好的精度,对大型复杂空间桁架结构的几何非线性分析是可行和有效的。     

抑郁情绪来访者的案例概念化个案研究

通过对一例抑郁情绪来访者的案例概念化咨询,检视案例概念化对于抑郁情绪来访者的干预效果。应用Blackburn,James和Flitcroft提出的压力特异质模型制订一例抑郁情绪认知行为咨询的案例概念化咨询方案。按照案例概念化流程和要求将个案内容以模式图形式呈现给来访者,并根据每一部分具体问题按照相对应咨询方法进行干预。综合评价结果显示,来访者抑郁情绪减轻,生活向积极方向转化。     

F-展开法和（2＋1）-维EW方程的精确解

非线性发展方程是人们认识和解释自然界许多现象时得到的数学模型,研究这些模型的解的性态十分重要,其显式解更是人们研究所必需的.F-展开法是求解非线性发展方程精确解的非常有效的方法之一.利用F-展开法,并借助于Riccati方程的精确解,导出(2+1)-维EW方程4种不同形式的精确解.     

BP神经网络组合预测研究

在单一预测不能满足精度要求的情况下,组合预测通常是首选方法.传统的组合方法之外,用神经网络进行组合预测,效果更佳.文中以全国天然气消耗量为例,利用BP神经网络将非线性回归、指数平滑和灰色三种方法的预测结果作为输入,原始数据作为期望输出进行组合预测,得出令人满意的精度结果.又将之与传统的EW、MV方法组合的结果进行比较,各项误差均有大幅度降低.     

基于壳聚糖的胰岛素缓释剂的制备

以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为载体原料,制备了载胰岛素的缓释剂,进行了缓释性能研究,利用正交实验方法,优化了制备工艺条件。结果表明,最佳制备工艺为：壳聚糖与海藻酸钠的质量配比为1：2,加胰岛素量为28mL（浓度为1.0mg/mL）,混合溶液（担载胰岛素后）反应时间为30min;采用最佳工艺条件制备的缓释剂在模拟人工胃液中溶出4h时溶液中胰岛素浓度为26.6μg/m L。