Systematic Differences Between Total and Free Prostate-Specific Antigen Immunoassays: Comparison Using Passing and Bablok Regression

Recent studies have shown that there are systematic differences among total and free prostate-specificantigen (PSA) immunoassays. In this study we analyzedintermethod differences in total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA(fPSA) measurement using ARCHITECT i2000SR (Abbott Diagnostics) and COBAS E601 (Roche Diagnostics). A number of 160 blood samples were tested for tPSA and 50 samples for fPSA (selecting only sampleswith tPSA: 4.1–10.0 μg/L). Passing–Bablok regression analysis was used to compare the two analytical methods fortPSA, fPSA and percentage of fPSA (%fPSA). A strong correlation was noticed between ARCHITECT i2000SR and COBAS E601 for tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA (r between 0.94 and 0.99). Concentrations of tPSA and fPSA measured by COBAS E601 were higher thanthose measured by ARCHITECT i2000SR with a bias of 0.8 μg/L for tPSA and 0.14 μg/L for fPSA. Analyzing therelative difference between methods for fPSA and %fPSA, COBAS E601 exceed a 10% relative difference limit. Our study confirms that there are differences in measured concentrations of tPSA and fPSA byvarious commercial methods. Because clinical judgment on subsequent diagnostic procedures, such as prostatebiopsy, is based on tPSA and fPSA results, tests harmonization should be a priority.     

反向假冒行为的经济学分析

本文通过经济学的视角，对反向假冒行为进行了分析。通过分析指出了反向假冒行为不仅侵害了消费者和原商标权人的利益，而且危害了市场的竞争环境。基于此，还对打击反向假冒行为主体的确权问题进行了经济博弈分析，比较了确权给消费者和原商标权人所产生的效果差异。     

Passing the European Patent Office: evidence from the data-processing industry

This explorative paper investigates how firms in the global data-processing industry that seek patent protection for their innovations in Europe have coped with the patentability requirements of the European Patent Office. Starting from a continuous research spectrum with basic research on the one extreme and development on the other, the main hypothesis is as follows: firms that carry out more basic research are more successful in passing the patent office than firms that focus more on development. Basic research explores more novel and unknown technical paths, while development aims more at modifying and redesigning existing products. Therefore, the results from more basic-oriented research are expected to fulfill the patentability requirements relatively more often than the results from development. This hypothesis is tested and largely confirmed for the global data-processing industry (with a sample of 44 firms) in the period 1986–1990, using indirect variables for basic research and development.     

Passing the torch of knowledge: Star death,collaborative ties,and knowledge creation

Stars hold a large portion of organizational knowledge, and their sudden absence may have non-trivial consequences for firms. In this study, I investigate what happens to the knowledge of star inventors following their absence. In particular, I consider the composition of stars' ties with coinventors and examine how it affects the future use of stars' knowledge (i.e., patents). Using the death of star inventors as an exogenous cause for their absence in firms, I find that the use of a star's patents in a firm's subsequent inventive efforts declines following the star's death. The results also indicate that when star inventors frequently collaborate with coinventors, the negative effect of stars' absence on the future use of their knowledge is somewhat alleviated. Further, the presence of central inventors in stars' collaboration networks increases the relative use of stars' knowledge in future inventions. The findings inform managers about conditions that favor “passing the torch” of knowledge from stars to their peers.     

城市垃圾与污水污泥能源化处置方案对比——基于两种生命周期影响评价方法

城市生活垃圾和污水污泥是重要的城市固体废弃物,对环境质量和人体健康均造成重要影响。由于组成中可燃物比例高,对它们的能源化处置研究成为热点。本文系统应用了一种可持续的环境管理工具——生命周期评价软件Simapro,采用Impact 2002+和ReCiPe Endpoint 2016两种生命周期影响评价方法测算了垃圾和污水污泥单独焚烧的线性加和与垃圾、污水污泥混合焚烧两种处置方案的生命周期环境影响,揭示不同处置方案下的环境负荷,探究两种处置方案的优劣;同时,分析这两种生命周期影响评价方法的不确定性。研究结果表明：①城市生活垃圾和污水污泥的混合燃烧方案在化石能源消耗、气候变化和人体健康方面的有益影响均明显高于单独燃烧方案,混合燃烧方案不仅缓解能源压力,同时降低气候和健康压力;②对于本文方案,Impact 2002+方法的中间点影响类别和终点损害类别评价结果都比ReCiPe Endpoint 2016方法更能突出混合燃烧方案的环境影响优势,但ReCiPe Endpoint 2016方法的不确定性更小。上述结论可为垃圾和污水污泥能源化的全生命周期环境影响评价方法的选取提供参考和依据。     

不同方法测定进口葡萄酒中二氧化硫残留量的比较

葡萄酒中二氧化硫残留指标是国家质检部门的严控指标之一。葡萄酒发酵过程中,人为或非人为的因素都会导致葡萄酒中二氧化硫的残留。文章分别引用GB／T15038—2006《葡萄酒、果酒通用分析方法》中的“直接碘量法”和GB／T5009．34—2003《食品中亚硫酸盐的测定》中的“副玫瑰苯胺比色法”与“蒸馏法”三种检测方法对一批...     

An Overview of Academic Research on Reverse Passing Off

By the reverse counterfeit is meant any act of substituting the trademark another person has legitimately used on goods for one's own trademark and marketing the goods.After the dispute over reverse counterfeit involving the trademarks "Maple Leaf and "Crocodile" in 1994,the discussion on the nature of acts of reverse counterfeit has been going on in the academic community. Article 52 (4) of the     

浅谈排球初学者的传球技术心理教学

传球是排球技术中最基本的技术之一,本文拟提出在传球教学中有计划地进行一些心理训练,做到技术训练与心理训练相结合.实践证明,这种技术训练和心理训练相结合的教学方式,对初学者尽快掌握传球技术有较大的促进应用.     

两种方法治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的疗效比较

观察保守治疗和经皮穿刺椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折(osteoporosis vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)患者的疗效。方法:收集2013年1月~2014年12月广西中医药大学第一附属医院,经胸腰椎MRI、腰椎CTQ诊断为骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折的患者60例,根据随机数表方法,将所有患者随机分为2组。A组:保守治疗组30例;B组:椎体成形术治疗组30例。记录各组患者的年龄、性别、住院时间、VAS评分,并对以上观察指标进行统计学分析。结果:所有患者均成功完成手术和分组,无神经损伤、大出血及死亡病例,随访半年后,年龄、性别、术前VAS评分在A组、B组组间对比均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第1天、第3天、终末随访VAS评分,住院时间在A组与B组方面对比,提示差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论:保守治疗和椎体成形术在治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折方面,两者均能起到满意治疗效果,但椎体成形术在改善患者疼痛症状及缩短住院时间方面明显优于保守治疗,是值得推广的治疗方式。     

Comparison of different methods for total RNA extraction from sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani

BackgroundRhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) is one of the most important pathogens of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that causes severe yield losses in all rice-growing regions. Sclerotia, formed from the aggregation of hyphae, are important structures in the life cycles of R. solani and contain a large quantity of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and pigments. In order to extract high-quality total RNA from the sclerotia of R. solani, five methods, including E.Z.N.A.™ Fungal RNA Kit, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–sodium borate, SDS–polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), guanidinium thiocyanate (GTC) and modified Trizol, were compared in this study.ResultsThe electrophoresis results showed that it failed to extract total RNA from the sclerotia using modified Trizol method, whereas it could extract total RNA from the sclerotia using other four methods. Further experiments confirmed that the total RNA extracted using SDS–sodium borate, SDS–PVP and E.Z.N.A.™ Fungal RNA Kit methods could be used for RT-PCR of the specific amplification of GAPDH gene fragments, and that extracted using GTC method did not fulfill the requirement for above-mentioned RT-PCR experiment.ConclusionIt is concluded that SDS–sodium borate and SDS–PVP methods were the better ones for the extraction of high-quality total RNA that could be used for future gene cloning and expression studies, whereas E.Z.N.A.™ Fungal RNA Kit was not taken into consideration when deal with a large quantity of samples because it is expensive and relatively low yield.     

反向假冒学术研究综述

反向假冒，是指未经他人许可，将他人合法使用在商品上的商标去除后换上自己的商标并出售的行为。自1994年中国发生“枫叶”商标与“腭鱼”商标的反向假冒纠纷以後，理论界对於反向假冒行为性质的讨论就未曾间断过。2001年新修订的《商标法》第52条第4项明确将反向假冒注册商标的行为界定为侵犯注册商标专用权的行为，为司法实践提供了统一的尺度，然而，对於这一规定，学者们之间仍然存在颇多争议。     

基于全生命周期的项目风险分析方法比较研究

项目的风险贯穿于整个生命周期,各阶段的风险评估方法和侧重点不同。本文将风险分析的过程分为:风险辨识、风险因素排序、风险评估三个子过程,从全生命周期和定性/定量两方面对常用的风险分析方法进行比较分析,可以帮助管理者从众多的风险分析方法中找出对项目本身以及所处阶段有针对性的方法,得到对项目承担者、管理者具有利用价值的风险分析结果。     

Innovation and firm growth in high-tech sectors: A quantile regression approach

We relate innovation to sales growth for incumbent firms in high-tech sectors. A firm, on average, experiences only modest growth and may grow for a number of reasons that may or may not be related to innovative activity. However, given that the returns to innovation are highly skewed and that growth rates distributions are heavy-tailed, it may be misleading to use regression techniques that focus on the ‘average effect for the average firm’. Using a quantile regression approach, we observe that innovation is of crucial importance for a handful of ‘superstar’ fast-growth firms.     

基于Cookie的复杂数据类型在信息系统中研究

通过实例给出常见的页面传值方法,分析它们的优缺点。同时指出在ASP.NET平台下采用Cookie方法传递复杂数据类型时存在的不足。通过改造Cookie传递参数方法,提出ASP.NET平台下Cookie传递参数的新方法。本文的研究是对基于ASP.NET平台的Cookie传递参数进一步完善,有助于开发出高性能B/S动态Web应用程序。     

科学论文评价方法运用的比较分析——以世界一流生物医学科学家为例

 采用主成分分析法、h指数法和层次分析法等定量研究方法和专题组讨论法为代表的定性研究法对1981～2005年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖55位获得者获奖前科学论文进行了评价。各种评价结果比较分析显示,不同计量方法对于同一资料的评价结果基本一致,定性评价方法与主成分分析法和h指数法结果不存在相关性,与层次分析法结果呈弱相关。提示当前机械地将科学论文评价等同于文本评价、同行评议越来越注重和依靠文本机械量化的现象,都是忽略科学论文评价真正目的的反映。因此寻找和把握定量评价与定性评价联结点,成为科技评价制度创新的动力和科技管理决策者的责任。     

组织学习:阶段,障碍与方法

作为组织创造价值的重要手段,组织学习理论为如何提升并保持企业的持续竞争优势提供独特视角.在国内外文献研究基础之上,对组织学习的过程、阶段、存在的障碍以及解决问题的方法进行系统探讨,并就该研究领域中存在的问题及未来研究展望提出具体的改善性意见.     

多元线性回归分析及其应用

本文研究了多元线性回归理论及应用,探讨了多元线性回归模型中未知参数的估计及其参数的检验问题,以实例进行了验证.     

Comparison of two methods of estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, the direct versus friedewald estimation

Current recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel and Adolescents Treatment Panel of National Cholesterol Education Program make the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in serum the basis of classification and management of hypercholesterolemia. A number of direct homogenous assays based on surfactant/solubility principles have evolved in the recent past. This has made LDL-C estimation less cumbersome than the earlier used methods. Here we compared one of the direct homogenous assays with the widely used Friedewald’s method of estimation of LDL-C to see the differences and correlation. We used direct homogenous assay kit to estimate serum LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Serum Triglyceride (TG) and Total Cholesterol (TC) was estimated and using Friedewald’s formula LDL-C was calculated. The LDL-C level obtained by both methods in 893 fasting serum samples were compared. The statistical methods used were paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation. There was significant difference in the mean LDL-C levels obtained by the two methods at the TG levels <200 mg/dl (p<0.02) and TC levels >150 mg% (p<0.001). The correlation coefficient (r) between Friedewald’s and direct assay estimation was 0.88. Friedewald’s method classified 23.5 % of patients as high cardiac risk whereas there were 17.58% by direct assay. Both had good correlation even though the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels affect the difference in LDL-C estimated by both methods. Taking into account the cost and performance, Friedewald’s method is as good or even better for classifying and managing patients.