河北省竞技健美操运动员基本姿态训练调查研究

运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法等研究方法通过将河北省常用竞技健美操运动员基本姿态训练内容及方法与中国常用竞技健美操运动员基本姿态训练内容及方法进行比较,发现河北省竞技健美操运动员基本姿态训练内容与方法的优点与不足之处,并提出合理化建议,为河北省竞技健美操事业的发展贡献出自己微薄的力量.     

我国竞技健美操运动员的选材与训练现状研究

竞技健美操是一项新兴的体育项目,在运动员的科学化选材以及训练体系方面还存在着很大不足,制约了我国健美操运动的进一步发展.通过对参加2005年全国健美操锦标赛的代表队的64名教练员进行专家访谈和问卷调查,从运动员的选材年龄和来源、选材的侧重点、开始训练年龄、日常训练内容、取得最好成绩的年龄和组队模式等方面进行调查和分析,以期为健美操运动员的选材和训练提供参考.     

竞技健美操中体能的概念和体能训练内容研究

竞技健美操中的体能是与竞技相关的体能,即运动员在健美操比赛中体力发挥的最大程度,是运动员经先天遗传与后天训练形成的在健美操训练中表现出来的机体持续运动的能力。利用文献资料法对体能训练的内容进行了研究。认为竞技健美操体能训练的内容主要包括身体形态、身体素质和表现力三个大方面。     

八年健美操训练的感悟——关于中学生健美操运动队训练浅谈

健美操是一项深受广大学生喜爱的运动项目,它能培养学生良好地身体姿态和健美的体魄,陶冶学生的审美情趣。随着健美操的不断普及,目前,它已成为学校体育不可缺少的内容之一。由于健美操是一项新兴的运动项目,许多教练员尚缺少这方面的系统学习,对健美揉的运动特点、规则要求、音乐嫡排,尤其是训练方诀均处于边学习、边摸索阶段。本人根据八年来的训练实践鲒合中学健美操训练的特点来探讨知何经过有效的训练来提高中学生健美撩技术水平。总结为以下几个方面：提升教练自身素质和人格魅力,积极参加专业培训;重视健美操运动员的选材;全面制订各类计划,详细安排训练任务与方法：培养健美操运动员的审美情趣,加强艺术修养;增强健美操运动员心理素质,赛前模拟比赛场景。     

健美操训练对大学生运动员赛前心境状态的影响研究

以心境的动态平衡理论为依托,采用中文版BFS心境量表对大学生健美操运动员训练前、后的心境状态进行测量,探讨比赛性身体活动对心境的影响以及不同训练阶段的心境变化特点,为科学监控大学生运动员的赛前情绪状态、合理安排训练内容提供依据。结果表明:赛前健美操训练能逐步地将大学生运动员的良性心境调整至某一适宜水平,并对负面心境有一定的积极改善作用,最终使大学生运动员的良性心境与负性心境基本处于同一适宜水平。这也进一步佐证了心境的动态平衡理论。     

青少年竞技健美操运动员专项训练效果评估体系的研究

运用文献资料调研、专家访谈、问卷调查和数理统计等方法,对青少年竞技健美操运动员专项训练指标体系进行探讨与分析,其目的是试图构建出青少年竞技健美操运动员专项训练内容评估的一般体系;研究结果:1)青少年竞技健美操运动员专项训练内容指标体系由5个一级指标、17个二级指标以及62个三级指标组成,其中,一级指标涵盖:身体控制能力、操化技术能力、难度技术能力、过渡衔接技术能力以及表现风格5个方面;2)建立综合评估模型,得到青少年竞技健美操运动员专项训练效果的综合评价数值,以便运动员对自己的能力进行纵向与横向的比较,找出优劣势,从而为教练员的训练决策以及更好地把握运动员不同竞技能力的发展情况提供一个量化标准。     

论竞技健美操运动员表现力的培养

对影响健美操运动员表现力的因素进行了分析,提出从运动员的身体素质训练、舞蹈训练、音乐素质培养、心理训练四个方面对运动员的表现力进行培养和训练,以提高健美操运动员的表现力。     

浅谈竞技健美操运动员训练要素与训练方法

在我国,竞技健美操所面临的一项重大问题是其体能训练。对我国竞技健美操运动员的体能训练方法进行研究,并针对我国运动员身体素质、生理特点提出针对性训练方法,才能更好使运动员面对竞争日益激烈的体育环境。本文在参考了近期以来国内外包括对其他体育项目运动员体能研究的基础上,结合竞技健美操的特点,对其运动机制进行分析,在训练内容和方法上进行初步探讨。     

试论表象训练对健美操教学的作用

健美操这一运动项目,它将舞蹈、体操、音乐融为一体并追求人体的美感与健康感,在其训练过程中,需要运动员和学生记住大量动作,这时表象作为一种心理训练方法被广泛的应用在健美操的训练和教学当中。本文对表象训练法在健美操教学中的运用和作用进行分析,认为将表象训练应用于健美操教学中,能起到有效的促进作用,而且有助于学生和运动员对大量动作的掌握、学习和巩固。     

竞技健美操运动员身体姿态控制能力训练的研究

竞技健美操运动员身体姿态控制能力的训练是健美操训练的基础,运动员的身体姿态控制能力在竞技性健美操比赛中是很重要的,它是成套动作完成得分的关键。健美操运动员身体姿态控制能力的训练必须制定有效专门的训练计划,本文详细阐述了健美操运动员身体各个部位基本姿态的训练和身体姿态控制能力的综合训练方法,以期为健美操的训练提供一些理论依据。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。