国际视野下的教师专业标准述要

20世纪80年代以来,世界各国先后为处于不同专业发展阶段的教师制定并实施了一系列教师专业标准。各国教师专业标准的框架维度体现了对教师综合专业素质的要求;标准内容强调教师的专业理念,要求教师具备较为完整的教育教学知识体系并凸显对教师专业实践能力的要求;各国标准都以促进教师的终身专业发展为重要目标。     

菲律宾科学教师专业标准的内容、特点与启示

为提升科学教育质量,许多国家研制和落实了科学教师专业标准,建立了科学教师培养体系。菲律宾于2011年颁布《菲律宾科学教师教育框架》,该框架借鉴了澳大利亚科学教师专业标准,从专业知识、专业实践和专业属性三个维度明确了科学教师专业发展的本质,突出了对科学教师知识与能力的要求,关注科学教师的持续专业发展,并强调科学教师应以学生为中心,推动了科学教师团队的专业化建设。我国目前还未制定具有针对性的科学教师专业标准,《菲律宾科学教师教育框架》可为我国科学教师专业标准研制提供参考。     

国外专家型教师的特征研究——从教师专业标准的层面

教师作为教育教学的专业人员,要经历一个由不成熟到成熟的专业发展历程。当前,各个国家都致力于教师的专业发展,通过《教师专业标准》的制定、颁布与实施,为教师的专业成长提出了具体的行为要求。专家型教师代表着教师专业发展的最高水平,培养专家型教师已成为教育领域内部发展的首要任务。本研究以教师专业标准为切入点,通过对英、美、澳三国教师专业标准内容的解读,概述国外专家型教师的特点,为我国专家型教师专业发展提供借鉴。     

何为教师之专业:教师专业标准比较的视角

为促进教师的专业发展与教育教学质量的提高,各国纷纷研制与修订教师专业标准。这些标准文件在一定高度上确认了教师专业的核心要素,为我们理解教师专业发展及其范畴提供了很有价值的信息。本研究发现,各种教师专业标准在以下方面达成了高度的共识:关于教师专业标准的范畴与领域——专业知识(应知)、专业技能/实践(会做)和专业品质(愿持);关于教师专业发展阶段的划分与要求——根据教师专业发展各个阶段的特质,为每个层次和水平的教师制定相应的标准;关于教师专业发展的核心领域——学会理解、尊重学生,致力于每一位学生的学习与成长;促进学生有效学习的教学实践技能;具有专业反思与终身学习的能力;养成专业合作的品质。     

澳大利亚维多利亚州科学教师专业标准述评

教师专业标准有通用和具体之分。为使标准真正发挥促进教师专业发展、提升整体教育质量的实效,我们不仅要开发面向全体教师的通用标准,还应开发面向各门学科教师的具体标准。文章以科学教师专业标准为例,介绍了澳大利亚维多利亚州科学教师专业标准的开发背景、框架内容及主要特色。该标准所蕴含的教育理念、对教师专业的认识,对我国认识科学教师专业素养、制定科学教师专业标准、促进科学教师专业发展、提升科学教学质量有着重要的启发和借鉴意义。     

中、英、美教师专业标准的比较与思考

通过对中、英、美三国教师专业标准的比较与分析可发现,规范与引领教师专业发展是我国教师专业标准的目标定位,师德为先是我国教师专业标准的特色追求,提升教师专业能力是我国教师专业标准的核心价值诉求。相对而言,我国教师专业标准具备一定程度的先进性和后发优势,以此为契机,进一步深化教师教育改革,将有助于实现我国教师教育的跨越式发展。     

指向专业发展的英国教师专业标准

教师专业标准对教师的选拔、培养、评价、专业发展等方面的引领作用重大。因此,世界先进国家以制定和完善教师专业标准作为师资培养的重要举措、评价教师及鉴定教师专业发展的依据、促进教师及教育质量提升的国家战略。文章以英国为例,就其现行教师专业标准出台的背景、框架内容及启示进行了介绍,希望能为我国教师专业标准的制定提供有益的借鉴。     

中、英、美教师专业标准的比较与思考

通过对中、英、美三国教师专业标准的比较与分析可发现,规范与引领教师专业发展是我国教师专业标准的目标定位,师德为先是我国教师专业标准的特色追求,提升教师专业能力是我国教师专业标准的核心价值诉求。相对而言,我国教师专业标准具备一定程度的先进性和后发优势,以此为契机,进一步深化教师教育改革,将有助于实现我国教师教育的跨越式发展。     

问题驱动课程依托自主发展——基于贯彻落实教师专业标准的几点思考

贯彻落实《中小学教师专业标准》,关乎教师能否将专业标准中的理念和要求转化到具体的教育教学工作中,关乎教育质量能否实现全面提升.针对教师专业发展中的问题,结合教师的教育教学工作,制定区域教师专业发展规划和教师个人发展规划.以教师专业发展课程为依托,以主题活动为引领,促进教师在研究问题的过程中自主发展.     

促进教育公平与卓越:澳大利亚全国教师专业标准述评

为了促进教育的公平与卓越,建设世界级的教育体系,澳大利亚政府从提高教师质量入手,2011年颁布了新的全国教师专业标准。新标准围绕三项专业要素——专业知识、专业实践和专业发展,把教师的专业发展划分为四个连续的阶段。标准最大的特点是强调教师的关键性作用,为澳大利亚青年提供优质的教育,注重社会各界人士的合作。     

Could Australia have its own teacher professional standards for teaching relationships and sexuality education?

In many countries, there are no professional standards determining attributes, praxis, effectiveness and evaluation for teachers of relationships and sexuality education in schools. However, in the USA, a new set of pre-service teacher preparation standards has been developed for sexuality education and health. Australia has a set of generic teacher professional standards, but none specifically designed for teachers of relationships and sexuality education. This study aims to explore the possible development of such specific education professional standards for Australian teachers, by comparing and contrasting the knowledge, skills, and competencies exemplified in the prospective USA preparation standards with those in existing generic Australian teacher standards at graduate level. The analysis points to common areas of suitability, competencies, and effectiveness that could help pre-service/initial teachers, in-service teachers, and teacher educators find appropriate and relevant benchmarks for the teaching of timely and comprehensive relationships and sexuality education. The findings show structural similarities, content consistencies, and helpful commonalities in both standards’ sets, comprising seven USA teacher preparation standards, and seven Australian teacher professional standards. Such information may be useful for teachers and educators wishing to generate professional standards for the teaching of relationships and sexuality education in Australia.     

澳大利亚教师专业发展政策的历史演变脉络:话语、目标与形式的转变

自20世纪80年代以来,澳大利亚联邦政府开始逐步涉足教师在职教育领域,并经由制定和实施教师专业发展政策来提升本国教师的专业素质与专业地位。通过对历史的梳理可以发现:澳大利亚教师专业发展政策的产生与发展历经了话语、目标与形式这几个方面的重大转变。     

TESOL professional standards in the “Asian century”: dilemmas facing Australian TESOL teacher education

Australian teacher education programmes that prepare teachers of English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) are confronting the nexus of two facets of globalization: transformations in the Asian region, captured in the notion of the “Asian century”, and shifting conceptions of professionalism in TESOL in non-compulsory education. In booming Asian economies, English language learning is integral to the demand for high-quality education. This has produced increases in TESOL Teacher Education Programme (TTEP) enrolments of both domestic Australian students and international students from Asia. Growth in demand for TTEPs has necessitated that they cater to student diversity, and the intended contexts of practice. This demand has coincided with a concurrent movement towards professional standards for TESOL that, we argue, confronts complexities around quality, accountability, and professional identity and achieving conceptual and contextual coherence. Drawing on discourses of managerialism and performativity, this paper explores tensions between increased student demands for TTEPs, professional standards discourses which are part of the global policy discourses on teacher quality, and the achievement of programmatic conceptual and contextual coherence from the perspective of Australian TTEPs.     

Drama and arts-based professional learning: exploring face-to-face,online and transmedia models

Australian and international research has identified that many generalist teachers have limited confidence and experience in teaching the Arts in the early years of schooling and education. There is also a significant gap in the provision of quality professional learning programs for teachers. Research has identified that appropriate training and professional learning programs need to provide teachers with practical experiences, informed by sound pedagogical theory and some form of ongoing support and potential for collaboration and shared learning. This article reports on the development of a professional learning programme which sought to support arts-focussed professional development of early years teachers. The project, known as The Open Storybox, lead to the development of a model which could be called a ‘transmedia’ learning model, as it utilises different media, and flows of content across digital platforms and technologies as well as the embodied and material.     

Reimagining the role of mentor teachers in professional experience: moving to I as fellow teacher educator

New accreditation requirements for Australian initial teacher education programs require that universities and schools establish quality partnerships to ensure strong links between pre-service teachers’ university-based learning and school-based professional learning experiences. This paper focuses on the shifts of identity, thinking and practice that occurred for five school-based mentor teachers as they co-created new professional experience practices alongside university-based teacher educators in a Teaching Academies of Professional Practice (TAPP) project. Interview data was analysed through the theoretical framework of Dialogical Self Theory to examine how the repositioning of mentor teachers as fellow teacher educators allowed for expansion in the understanding and enactment of their role. The findings of this study suggest that partnerships between schools and universities can enhance learning opportunities for all participants when commitments are made to creating collaborative and dialogical spaces to support new approaches to teacher education.     

论教师职业幸福感的提升

教师职业幸福感是教师专业发展的起点和归宿,是教育事业发展的动力。有效提升教师职业幸福感有助于教师的专业发展和教育质量的提高。据此,本文提出：端正教师职业形象,奉持合理的角色期望;完善教师素养,统一角色自我和个性自我;优化教师工作环境等措施来有效提升教师的职业幸福感。     

论专业学位教育师资队伍建设

专业学位教育的发展需要一支过硬的师资队伍,但我国专业学位教育师资队伍目前存在思想观念偏差、教学方式陈旧、教师结构不合理等一系列问题。加强专业学位教育师资队伍建设：一是要强化专业学位教育地位,稳定教师队伍;二是要整合资源,组建符合专业学位教育要求的师资队伍;三是要加强培训,全面提高师资队伍素质。     

线上教学视域下高校教师职业素养自我提升研究

职业素养是个体胜任特定职业所需的各种内在条件的总和,高校教师职业素养直接决定着高等教育教学的实际效果,制约着高校人才培养、科学研究和社会服务的质量与水平。大规模的线上教学引发了高校教育教学的巨大变革,从职业品格、职业知识和职业能力等三个维度对高校教师的职业素养造成了严峻挑战。要切实提升高校教师职业素养,促进高等教育的高质量发展,高校教师必须在理念重构、定向学习、深度反思和体验观摩上下功夫。     

远程教育教师教学反思与教师专业化发展初探

在终身学习社会的构架下,远程教育成为一种重要的学习方式,而远程教育教师的教学质量、教师的专业化发展成为决定远程教育教学质量的重要因素.本文从教师反思入手,针对远程教育的特点,探究了远程教育教师反思的现状、存在的问题,并提出了适合远程教育教师的独特反思方式,通过提高远程教育教师的反思能力和反思水平来促进教师的专业化发展,...     

Teacher reform in Indonesia: can offshore programs create lasting pedagogical shift?

Regional and national interest in reforming teaching in Indonesia has seen governments, NGOs and education specialists combine to drive pedagogical changes among school teachers there. Results of these programs have been indifferent at best. This paper reports on teacher reform programs in Provinsi Papua, one of the most marginal societies in Indonesia. The Papuan Provincial Government, AusAID and an Australian University focused on bringing cohorts of secondary teachers and Principals for professional development to Australia. An evaluative, survey inquiry was conducted into the effectiveness of a series of AusAID (now DFAT Australian Aid) Scholarship programs on changing capacities and approaches of teachers and Principals at least eighteen months after their off-shore experience. Findings revealed significant changes in teaching practices, improved quality of teacher-student relationships and improved interactions with colleagues. We argue that our findings demonstrate an appetite for student-centred approaches to teaching and that off-shore programs may have important outcomes that larger scale, in-country programs fail to realise. This has implications for DFAT Australian Aid-funded and similar Scholarship programs.