Ethics of the health-related internet of things: a narrative review

The internet of things is increasingly spreading into the domain of medical and social care. Internet-enabled devices for monitoring and managing the health and well-being of users outside of traditional medical institutions have rapidly become common tools to support healthcare. Health-related internet of things (H-IoT) technologies increasingly play a key role in health management, for purposes including disease prevention, real-time tele-monitoring of patient’s functions, testing of treatments, fitness and well-being monitoring, medication dispensation, and health research data collection. H-IoT promises many benefits for health and healthcare. However, it also raises a host of ethical problems stemming from the inherent risks of Internet enabled devices, the sensitivity of health-related data, and their impact on the delivery of healthcare. This paper maps the main ethical problems that have been identified by the relevant literature and identifies key themes in the on-going debate on ethical problems concerning H-IoT.     

The Santorini eruption and its consequences

In the late Bronze Age, sometime between 1500 and 1450 BC, a paroxysmal explosive eruption of the volcano Santorini took place in the Aegean Sea. Many scientists now link the rapid decline of the Minoan Civilisation centred on Crete with the destructive effects of this catastrophic eruption. The geological record indicates that one or two eruptions of comparable magnitude may occur every 1000 years. In our present-day world with its rapidly expanding population and economy the catastrophic effects of such an eruption occurring today should be seriously considered.     

科普剧创作流程的梳理和规范初探

科普剧不仅是科学传播的载体,也应该是具有独特魅力的一种戏剧形式。只有真正符合戏剧的表现规律,科普剧才能从科学传播载体上升为"优秀"的科学传播载体,成为连接科学教育与艺术教育的纽带。因此,我们应该用辩证的方式看待科普剧的发展,方能向受众呈现科学与艺术并举的好作品。我们应该以"戏剧创作规律"为参照,以"科学普及"为中心,去设置每一个制作环节以及各环节间相互衔接、合作的"规定动作",也就是梳理和规范科普剧制作流程。如同设立科学公式,将千头万绪的相关事由规范在编、排、演的步骤里,层层推进,以提高制作效率,保证制作质量。     

Fair use versus fair return: copyright legislation and its consequences.

The purpose of this article is to examine the ramifications of legislative recognition of the concept of fair use in the Copyright Act of 1976. The fair use concept, while of small consequence in its normative origins, has turned out to be the foundation of the most perplexing and divisive issues in the new legislative guidelines governing copyright. Legislative recognition of the concept of fair use, coupled with enormous growth of a new technology--extending from xerography to on-line database systems--creates de facto exemptions to both the intent and content of new copyright guidelines. The issue is not one of limiting use or suppressing information, but of mechanisms for safeguarding the rights of copyright holders, be they authors or publishers, and insuring the free flow of information by providing a proper return on both intellectual creativity and capital expenditures. The authors argue that the elimination, or at least curtailment of fair use doctrine, coupled with an increase in technological approaches to reporting of secondary use of copyrighted material, will benefit all sections of the knowledge industry. Authors will receive proper royalties on use; publishers will be able to sell more books and journals at lower prices; and librarians will be liberated from extensive chores such as monitoring usage or determining fee schedules and transferences. The issue is one of fair return--an issue obscured and ultimately subverted by fair use.     

知识的一种分类方法及其对扩张战略研究的意义

目前已有的关于知识的分类几乎都是在一个时点上的分类,缺乏基于时间因素进行的知识分类.如果考虑时间因素,那么知识可以分为"已有知识"与"习得知识".这种知识分类方法有助于人们研究企业扩张过程中的知识生成与时间的关系,从而更好地理解知识创造的原理和方法、知识转移的方向和途径、知识共享的方式和条件等,进而正确决定企业扩张的目标市场选择、进入模式选择、扩张的跨度、节律和范围等,这对提高企业扩张战略的成功率是十分重要的.     

Towards adoption of Green IS: A literature review using classification methodology

Green Information Systems (Green IS) emerged as a crucial area for research to reduce organizations/society’s carbon footprints and consequently, to achieve environment sustainability. This research paper provides an extensive systematic literature review in Green IS area to facilitate advance research in the area. The aim of the paper is to provide basic understanding of Green IS and to highlight the significant research conducted earlier in this area. Classification approach adopted to conduct the study, and the research area categorized under five segments namely: Green IS concept, innovation and technology, impact of green initiatives, measures and policies, and global context. These five categories were further divided into subcategories to provide in-depth and crystal clear review of literature. Accessible research articles, book chapters and reports from top ten databases Emerald, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, ACM digital Library, IEEE, JSTOR, ProQuest, Sage, Wiley online and Springer link were reviewed. Research propositions are provided for future significant research in this area.     

伪审稿及其预防措施

【目的】 通过科学的办刊措施,预防互联网时代频发的伪审稿事件。【方法】 确立期刊的稿件评价标准,明确符合评价稿件的同行专家资格,在互联网投审稿平台系统各个环节中执行稿件的评价标准。【结果】 期刊疏于管理将引起伪审稿事件;为了淘汰低劣稿件,期刊编辑既要博学,又要善于管理和使用网络平台系统及各种先进的防伪工具;为了公平公正的评阅稿件,编辑必须以稿件评价标准严格初审稿件,充分权衡同行评审意见的有效性和合理性。 【结论】 同行评审是学术期刊出版的基石。预防伪审稿必须严格执行期刊的稿件评价标准,杜绝第三方代投、代评和代写稿件。     

结构洞分类理论及其在创新网络中的应用

 美国社会学家罗纳德·博特1992年提出的结构洞理论对创新网络的发展起到了极大的推动作用。通过大量的文献阅读和对现实的观察,在前人研究的基础上进行了进一步的研究,提出了结构洞分类理论,理论上完善罗纳德·博特的结构洞理论。开创性地把结构洞分类理论应用于创新网络中的利益相关者管理中,对创新网络中的利益相关者管理问题进行了初步探索。     

On thinging things and serving services: technological mediation and inseparable goods

In our high-tech society, the design process involves profound questions about the effects of the resulting goods, and the responsibilities of designers. In the philosophy of technology, effects of “things” on user experience and behaviour have been discussed in terms of the concept of technological mediation. Meanwhile, what we create has moved more and more towards services (processes) rather than products (things), in particular in the context of information services. The question is raised to what extent the concept of technological mediation is adequate to understand effects and responsibilities in information services as well. Therefore, this paper discusses differences between product aspects and service aspects of our creations, and evaluates the applicability of the concept of technological mediation to information services. Specific features of a notion of technological mediation for information services are highlighted, in particular with respect to the different relation between production and consumption. Finally, the paper focuses on the ethical consequences of service impact, and recommendations for service providers, especially in terms of the possibilities for second-order mediation by inviting users to change service properties.     

中国“三生用地”分类及其空间格局

工业化、城市化和经济的快速发展导致中国人地关系紧张,争地现象多发。为兼顾粮食安全、经济发展和生态保护之间的关系,需要协调土地不同功能用地的矛盾。现行的土地利用分类体系,注重土地的生产、生活功能,对生态功能考虑不够。本研究以土地的主体功能为出发点,兼顾其他功能,纳入生态用地的概念,构建了"三生用地"分类体系,统筹生产、生活和生态用地空间。通过先分区再分类的方法,提取了中国"三生用地"的分布范围。结果表明,生态用地、生态生产用地、生产生态用地和生活生产用地等面积分别为603.70万km2、135.38万km2、200.19万km2和20.73万km2,各占国土面积的62.89%、14.10%、20.85%和2.16%。生态用地主要分布在中西部,生态生产用地因其生产功能具有明显的地域分异,生产生态用地和生活生产用地则更集中分布在东部地区。     

Taking things apart: ovario-hysterectomy--textbook knowledge and actual practice in veterinary surgery

Veterinary surgery provides an interesting context in which to address important questions about the links between formal 'book' learning and actual, personal experience of the phenomena in question, and to examine the processes through which these links are forged. Participant observation of surgical procedures suggests that surgeons initially learn about anatomy from books, pictures and demonstrations, and become skilled 'operators' through the application of enhancement and reduction procedures that have the effect of transforming the living body into something more closely resembling anatomical pictures of it. Some of these procedures can be seen as a set of formalized 'rules' for performing operations, and like most rules, they appear to decrease in importance as a surgeon gains experience. They may, however, regain importance when a practitioner meets with an anatomical variant that he or she has not previously encountered. Other practices appear to be less formalized, requiring creative, constructive use of visual aids or language practices outside formal textbook knowledge. The links between actual bodies (and operations) and textbook representations of them are thus formed within a community of 'operators'.     

国内高校图书馆学科服务存在的问题及对策

调查了国内20所高校图书馆的学科导航(网页)、学科博客、学科馆员服务方式情况,分析高校图书馆学科服务存在的问题,在此基础上从分析用户需求、综合运用各种服务模式、构建专门的学科服务平台、借助Web2.0技术的应用及网站的建设和建立有效的保障机制5个方面对国内高校图书馆学科导航服务提出建议。     

学位论文质量的多层次模糊综合评价模型及其应用

在分析影响学位论文质量的主要因素及其相互关系的基础上,建立了学位论文质量的综合评价指标体系。进而结合学位论文质量评价的特点,构造了相应的多层次模糊综合评价模型。最后,通过一个应用实例说明了模型的有效性。高等学校采用科学有效的方法提高学位论文质量评价的客观性、科学性和准确性,不但有利于在明确自身优势和不足的基础上,采取有效措施提高人才培养的质量,而且对增强自身在教育全球化激烈竞争环境下的生存与发展能力也具有非常重要的现实意义。     

一种新的产业集聚分类方法及其在江苏特色产业集聚中的应用研究

首先对已有产业集聚分类成果进行综述.接着从增强微观企业竞争力的角度,提出了一种新的产业集聚分类方法;这种新的分类包括五种类型,每种类型的划分依据是其主要形成条件.随后,将提出的分类方法应用于江苏特色产业基地的分析,应用结果表明提出的分类方法具有简约、实际指导的和针对性强的特点.最后,提出了推进产业集聚的若干政策建议.     

Women in interdisciplinary science: Exploring preferences and consequences

For at least a decade, U.S. funding agencies and university campuses have promoted the expansion of interdisciplinary research. At the same time, federal and local programs have sought to increase the participation of women and minorities in science, mathematics, and engineering. Research has focused on each of these trends independently, but very few studies have considered their interaction by asking how intellectual preferences for and professional consequences of interdisciplinary science might be influenced by gender, race, and/or ethnicity. Focused specifically on gender, this paper considers the expectation that women will be more drawn to interdisciplinary research, and explores the learning styles, work preferences, and career behaviors that might anticipate and/or explicate gender differences in interdisciplinary science. Principal mechanisms by which researchers engage in interdisciplinarity - cross-fertilization, team-collaboration, field-creation, and problem-orientation - are tested for evidence of gendering using preliminary empirical data from three studies. The results of this exploratory analysis offer clues about possible tendencies and raise questions about the potential costs and benefits for those who adopt them.     

Adjusting to the digital: Societal outcomes and consequences

Innovation in digital technologies is central to contemporary debates about the need for policy and regulatory adjustment in response to the consequences of the centrality of these technologies in contemporary societies. Christopher Freeman's research in relation to changes in techno-economic paradigm and, specifically, in relation to the information and communication technology (ICT) paradigm, cautioned that assessments of these changes needed to go beyond market dynamics to examine social, cultural and political issues. In this paper several predominant themes in his work are foregrounded – the ambiguity of changes within the ICT paradigm; the role of guiding principles in influencing expectations about societal outcomes; and the importance of political factors in shaping the consequences of technological innovation. These three themes are then deployed in a discussion of recent innovations – two technical (5G mobile networks and artificial intelligence-as-a-service) and one institutional (proposals for changes in the international taxation regime in response to claims that the existing regime is inappropriate in the face of global online service provision). In each instance, the aim is to illustrate how following Freeman by giving attention to the themes operates as an important guide to analysis of adjustments to novel deployments of digital technology. The conclusion emphasizes the value of Freeman's contributions to shaping research agendas that acknowledge the need to humanize technology, to consider alternatives to taken-for-granted principles and practices, and to take into account the role of political power in tandem with concentrated economic power.     

Computer efficacy: Determinants,consequences, and malleability

This paper presents a model of the determinants and consequences of computer efficacy with particular attention devoted to the mediating processes through which users form efficacy judgements, including their analysis of task requirements, assessments of situational and personal resources/constraints, and attributional analysis of experience. Of particular interest to this paper are the attributional processes affecting computer efficacy. Recommendations for computer and attributional training are advanced.     

人工细胞的表型测试与分选:构建从光谱学到遗传学的桥梁

近年来,基因组测序、编辑与合成技术日新月异,推动了基因型"设计"和"合成"能力的突飞猛进,同时也使人工细胞的表型检测成为合成生物学发展的瓶颈环节之一。对于细胞功能的快速测试与评价,单细胞分析技术具有重要意义与前景,但理想的解决方案需要具备活体无损、非标记式、提供全景式表型、能分辨复杂功能、快速高通量且低成本、能与组学分析联动等特征。以此为出发点,文章重点介绍了基于非标记式分子光谱学的单细胞功能表征、分选与组学技术体系的进展,并讨论了该领域的关键问题与发展方向。多种光谱技术之间扬长避短的运用与多模态成像,结合高通量的光谱激活细胞分选技术及下游单细胞组学技术,正构建与拓展着一条连接光谱学与遗传学的广阔桥梁。这一桥梁不仅为细胞工厂的高通量、全景式表型检测与筛选提供全新的解决方案,还将推动"单细胞精度的光谱表型组-功能基因组"作为一种新的生物大数据类型,服务于"数据科学"驱动下的合成生物技术。     

Team learning in IT implementation projects: Antecedents and consequences

This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of team learning, which is composed of information acquisition, dissemination, and implementation, in information technology (IT) implementation projects. By investigating 129 IT implementation project teams, we found that (1) information acquisition and information dissemination have a positive impact on project outcomes, such as speed-to-users, lower implementation cost, and operational effectiveness, and (2) team behavior and enabler variables, such as teamwork, team communication, interpersonal trust between team members, team commitment, and senior manager support, positively influence team learning. We also found that team anxiety moderates the relationship between team learning and project outcomes.