The development of skill and tactical competencies during a season of badminton

Abstract

In this study, we examined the development of skill competence and tactical knowledge of 41 eighth-grade students (mean age 13.6 years) as they completed a season of badminton conducted following the features of Sport Education. Using data from students’ performance on badminton skills tests, their competence in game play, and their tactical knowledge, it was determined that these students made significant improvements in their ability to not only control the shuttle, but also to hit it more aggressively. This resulted in improvements in both the selection (what shot to make) and execution (ability to produce the desired shot) dimensions of their game play. In addition, the students demonstrated significant improvements in their ability to select tactical solutions and make arguments for those decisions when watching videotaped performances of badminton games. The key explanation for the development of competence in this setting was that the structure of the Sport Education season allowed for significant practice opportunities, and that the authenticity and consequential nature of the game play helped move all but weak novice students from a more cooperative version of net-game play to one where tactical decision making and execution was valued.     

Teachers' and Students' Conceptions of Ability in Elementary Physical Education

Using Nicholl's (1989) and Dweck's (1999, 2002) theories on ability as conceptual frameworks, this study explored teachers' and students' conceptions of ability in elementary physical education. Participants were 8 physical education specialists from five public schools and 160 students from their second- and fourth-grade classes. Teacher and student interviews and questionnaires were used for data collection. When asked to describe the “best” and “poorest” students in their physical education classes, teachers defined or referenced student status solely in terms of class behavior and effort, such as participation and working hard. In contrast, students primarily used ability-related indicators, such as task mastery and social comparison along with class behavior as criteria of their own ability. Overall, teachers and students had different views of “good” students in elementary physical education. In an era of standards-based learning and accountability in education, teachers may need to focus more on a task-involved climate by taking into account student learning and achievement.     

中小学体育教学技能大赛的若干思考

本研究采用文献资料、问卷调查、领队访谈等研究方法,对第一届全国中小学体育教师教学技能大赛进行了现场调查,分析了中小学体育教学技能大赛的价值取向及存在的问题,研究认为,虽然绝大多数群体的价值认同度是一致的,但暴露出的问题也是多元的,如何落实教学技能大赛的初衷,如何更好的搭建起这一载体平台,确立教学技能大赛的逻辑主线,将成为未来一段时期人们值得思考的问题,也才能最终发挥这一载体的应有价值和使命。     

美国小学体育教学中学生合作学习的特点与启示

通过文献资料,逻辑分析对美国小学体育教学中有关合作学习的特点进行了分析.发现影响体育教学中合作学习的因素主要有:合作教学的教学策略、发挥学生角色的作用、让学生当教练、学生之间的良性鼓励、让学生承担活动的责任性、了解共同合作的意义、有关合作学习中的时间问题.在此基础上总结了我国小学体育改革中一些启示.     

Development of an Instrument to Assess Fourth and Fifth Grade Students' Attitudes Toward Physical Education

The purpose of the authors in this study was to develop an instrument to assess fourth and fifth grade students' attitudes toward physical education. The methods for validation included (a) an elicitation study and instrument question development, (b) a pilot study, and (c) a series of analyses to assess, construct, and content validity and to assess reliability. Once data for 1,344 students were collected, an iterative process was completed using principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis using structure equation modeling. Data analysis showed that the instrument fit two different models. The first model shows students' attitudes to be influenced by cognition and affect. The second model shows a 4-factor model comprised of cognition- teacher, cognition-curriculum, affect- teacher, and affect-curriculum. This study yielded an instrument with valid and reliable scores that can assess elementary school students' attitudes toward physical education.     

"小团体"教学模式在小学体育教学中的应用研究

“小团体”教学模式是对传统班级授课模式的一种突破,是团体心理辅导在教学过程中的应用。笔者通过教学实验,证明了在小学体育教学中采用“小团体”教学模式,能够使学生有效开展适当的竞争和积极的合作,营造民主和谐的课堂氛围,有效培养了学生的集体意识、合作意识和良好的竞争意识,提高了学生对体育课的兴趣,有利于顺利完成教学任务,提高教学效果和教学质量。     

The Development of Skill and Knowledge During a Sport Education Season of Track and Field Athletics

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effectiveness of 2 forms of physical education instruction on students' skill and technical performance, as well as content knowledge in 3 track and field events. Method: Students from 6 classes in 3 Portuguese schools completed 900-min units conducted under the auspices of sport education or a more traditional teacher-directed format. Classes were randomly assigned to these conditions within each school. Results: Although both groups improved significantly from pretest to posttest, the sport education classes outperformed the traditional classes in both technique and skill execution. Only the sport education group made significant improvements in content knowledge. When the students in the traditional group were tested at the point in time where they would usually complete a unit of physical education (450 min), there were no significant improvements in any of the study's variables. Conclusion: The explanation given for the superior performance outcomes of the sport education classes lies in the nature of formal competition and team affiliation, which are cornerstones of this pedagogical model. That is, students take their learning experiences more seriously than in traditional and often inauthentic classes. In terms of content knowledge, the fact that sport education has a level of content-embedded accountability that holds students accountable for their officiating duties is postulated as a significant contributor to their increased understanding of rules and protocols of athletic events.     

体育变为体育与健康对高校体育教学影响的研究

通过对体育和健康概念及辩证关系的分析，指出新体育教学大纲由体育变为体育与健康后对高校体育教学产生的影响，及如何正确理解体育与健康的关系及其对体育教学的影响和导向，以便提高高校体育教学的效果。     

学校体育现代化进程中高职体育课程改革的研究

运用文献资料、调查访谈、数理统计等研究方法,对高职院校体育课程改革现状进行调查分析,针对其体育课程中存在的课程目标不明确、职业特征不明显等主要问题,提出高职院校开展"与职业技能相结合"的体育课程改革方案,以江苏海事职业技术学院部分专业为试点,对改革方案进行实证研究。     

试议体育与运动

在社会实践与科学研究的推动下,需要澄清体育和运动概念的含义。体育是从身心发展出发,以身体活动为内容进行的教育行为。运动是有意识的身体活动。运动存在着种种不同的形式和内容,竞技运动是其中主要的一类。体育和运动是一对矛盾,并非是上位概念和下位概念的关系。     

提高独生子女化的学校体育教育质量的探讨

对黑龙江省 9所中、小学进行了调查 ,掌握学生独生子女化进程和体育教学现状的基础上 ,就当前我国学校体育教学改革提出 4项对策性建议。     

“阳光体育运动”下的终身体育之浅议

随着我国经济的发展,人们生活质量的逐步提高和生活内容的更加丰富,体育将作为人们消遣娱乐、调心健身的重要内容步入家庭和社会,终身体育成为了时代的需要;终身体育是整体而长远的新世纪的体育思想,越来越受到人们的重视,随着我国全民健身计划的颁布和实施,终身体育的观念更加突现出来,终身体育教育将肩负着特殊的历史使命,它在社会上具有长远性和战略性意义.终身体育将是全面发展教育的重要组成,能促进体育锻炼在社会上广泛开展,普遍提高运动水平,推动体育事业向前发展的因素之一,对开发智力,培养个性,完善人际关系都具有很大的作用;它不仅能造就人的一生,而且能为国家培养大量的体育人才;对促进国家的经济建设,完善国内外的政治关系,提高国家的威望等方面作出很大的贡献;同时,也阐明了终身体育与学校体育的关系,强调学校体育教育应着重教育的终身化.并希望广大体育工作者齐心协力推崇终身教育促进整个体育教育终身化.     

体育对大学生素质教育的影响

大学生素质教育是发挥个人潜能,是全面落实发展教育方针的教育模式,是注重创新能力和实践能力培养的教育,是学生个性健康发展的教育,是人的适应性与创造性相结合统一的教育。在体育课教学中素质教育,是时代的需要,是体育教学改革的需要,我们要认识体育教育在素质教育中作用,才能深化的研究体育教育教学,才能认真研究体育教育与素质教育之间的关系,认清形势,抓住机遇,积极探索,在推进素质教育的道路上阔步前进。     

体育结构再认识

分析体育概念和体育结构，提出“体育”概念中具有两个基本要点：一是增强体质，提高有机体的机能水平，二是要进行人体活动或身体练习。目前体育结构由学校体育、社会体育、竞技体育3部分组成。对3个部分的结构和功能以及三者之间的内在联系进行分析，得出学校体育是社会体育和竞技体育的前提和基础，社会体育是学校体育的延续，竞技体育是学校体育的发展，而且学校体育是学校体育师资培养的途径之一。     

试论学校体育与终身体育

终身体育被视为新世纪的体育思想,越来越受到人们的重视,因为它是整体而长远的体育思想,体现出以人为出发点的哲学思考。学校体育阶段在实现终身体育目标中有着重要作用,深化学校体育教育改革,必须走与终身体育(学前体育、学校体育、学校后体育)相结合的道路;必须在终身体育总目标下,开拓人们对体育问题的思路,才能实现学校体育目标同终身体育目标的统一。未来学校体育的结构、内容、教法、管理、师资培养、远景规划等一系列问题都收在终身体育思想指导下进行革新和实验。     

多元体育学习评价对中小学生体育学习兴趣的影响

对青岛、东莞、重庆、泉州、厦门和蚌埠等实验基地的小学、初中、高中共6所学校进行实验研究。结果显示,不论是课改实验区还是非课改实验区,多元体育学习评价均能有效地激发中小学生的体育学习兴趣,引导学生学会体育学习,激励其不断进步与发展;在提高学生的体育学习兴趣方面,多元体育学习评价运用的效果课改实验区明显好于非课改实验区;多元体育学习评价对于不同学段和不同性别学生的体育学习兴趣会产生不同的影响,建议在下一步的体育学习评价改革中给予高中生和初中女生更多的关注。     

体育与运动的泛化

通过对体育与运动发展历史的分析,揭示了体育由学校向社会、军事等领域扩展以及运动由社会向学校、再由学校向社会扩展的历史过程,指出了其实质是体育与运动的泛化,分析了体育与运动泛化的历史原因,展现了体育与运动概念的历史内涵。     

体育教学中实施健康教育面临的困惑与对策

根据当前学校体育教学的现状,对在实施健康教育中所面临的困惑进行探讨,并提出学校体育实施健康教育一些基本对策。     

学校体育课程改革思考

主要运用专家调查、文献资料调研和逻辑分析方法 ,对学校体育课程改革所面临的一些主要的困惑不解的问题进行分析研究 ,目的是为体育课程改革提供有益的参考。研究表明 :体育课程目标的改革应首先明确课程目标特点及定位 ,体育课程目标应体现人文性 ;体育课程教材改革应以增进健康为目的对课程实践内容重新分类 ,推行教材“审定制”,突出教材的特色 ;课程体制改革应实行三级课程管理体制 ,打破单一垄断的课程方案     

微格教学在学校体育教育专业教学中的运用

运用微格教学的理论与方法，按照教学程序和教学阶段，对体育教育专业学生进行教学技能的培养进行了研究。阐述了微格教学在体育教育专业学生中的运用以及它的作用。