Whence Philosophy of Biology?

A consensus exists among contemporary philosophers of biologyabout the history of their field. According to the receivedview, mainstream philosophy of science in the 1930s, 40s, and50s focused on physics and general epistemology, neglectinganalyses of the ‘special sciences’, including biology.The subdiscipline of philosophy of biology emerged (and couldonly have emerged) after the decline of logical positivism inthe 1960s and 70s. In this article, I present bibliometric datafrom four major philosophy of science journals (Erkenntnis,Philosophy of Science, Synthese, and the British Journal forthe Philosophy of Science), covering 1930–59, which challengethis view.

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Conclusions

     

生物学哲学的特异性--狭义的科学哲学意义上的生物学哲学

从狭义的科学哲学的角度讲,生物学哲学在生物学的研究对象不同于物理学的基础上而存在着自己的特点.本文总结了生物学哲学在达尔文主义、科学定律、说明、概念及系统科学在生物学哲学中的元理论作用等方面的特异性,认为生物学哲学在传统的科学哲学的框架下的特异性是对传统的科学哲学的丰富和发展.     

生物教学中实施STS教育理念的一些策略

本文结合自己的教学实践和感受,通过教师的带头实践,激发学生的实践欲望,指导学生实践,从而把科学、技术、社会三者紧密结合在一起,使学生的学习富有趣味性和主动性。     

20世纪生物学的特征及其对哲学的影响

2 0世纪生物学的三大转折 ,反映了生物学发展的特征。通过对基因概念、中心法则概念和综合进化论概念发展状况的分析 ,阐述了构建生物学哲学基本框架的必要性和重要性 ,及其对哲学认识论的深刻影响     

论英国地质学的职业化

十九世纪中叶以前 ,科学研究的业余传统在英国的科学界一直占据着统治地位 ,地质学领域的业余传统尤为盛行。然而 ,英国的科学职业化正是肇始于地质学 ,而非已经成熟的物理学或其他学科 ,从而成为科学社会史上的一个独特景观     

Synthetic Biology

<正>The definition of synthetic biology involves two major aspects: the design of novel biological components and systems, and the re-design of existing biological systems. By doing so, scientists hope to better understand how natural mechanisms and systems work, and tune them to our benefit. This interdisciplinary field has also attracted many brilliant minds from the CAS.     

讨论中的哲学

本文论证了讨论课对于哲学教育的重要性和必要性，结合实际设计和实践了“中国近代哲学”课的讨论课教改方案，并进一步指出了在哲学讨论课实践中教师的具体作用是：为人师表；鼓励学生；维持课堂秩序、平衡讨论氛围。     

The extinction of bubonic plague in Britain

Here was indeed one difficulty … and it is this, the first person that died of the plague was on December 20th 1664 but after this we heard no more of any dying till the 9th of February which was about seven weeks after when one was buried out of the same house. Then it was hushed till the 22nd of April when there was two buried, not out of the same house but out of the same street. Now the question seems to lie thus: where lay the seeds of infection all this while? How came it to stop so long and not stop any longer?     

Forensic chemistry in 19th-century Britain

Poison has long been a common murder weapon, but in early nineteenth-century Britain toxic substances were readily available and little attention was paid to toxicology. In 1820 the use of poisonous substances in food manufacture was exposed and it was also realized that medical jurisprudence, including toxicology, was already well advanced in some European countries. Better training in these subjects for British doctors was begun, led by three prominent physicians, Robert Christison, Alfred Taylor and Thomas Stevenson. The professions of analytical chemist and Public Analyst were enhanced and the importance of chemical evidence in poison trials was established.     

从科学哲学学科的发展看技术哲学学科的进路

技术哲学正处于学科建设和发展的重要时期。从研究对象、研究队伍、学科性质以及研究实践上看,技术哲学学科具有参照科学哲学学科发展的可能性,其进路主要表现在三个方面:技术哲学研究的技术史转向,加强技术哲学史的研究,建设开放性的技术哲学学科。同时,技术哲学还可从科学哲学学科发展中的一些困惑问题得到有益于自身建设的启示,如建设哲学学科与非哲学学科的选择问题,哲学家与科学家的沟通和联盟问题,科学哲学与技术哲学可能合流的问题等。