有限温度下受控自旋链的纠缠动力学研究

自旋耦合常数随时间变化的量子XY链中,首末自旋间的远程纠缠将随驱动频率变化而改变,当驱动频率等于2B时,纠缠达到最大值,即产生纠缠共振Ⅲ．本文主要研究温度、各向异性参量对纠缠共振的影响及有限温度下链长对纠缠共振的影响．研究发现,零温下,各向异性参量取1时,纠缠共振峰值达到最大;各向异性参量取0时,纠缠共振峰值降为0．随着温度升高,纠缠共振点位置不变,但是纠缠的大小随温度的升高逐渐减小．随着自旋链的增长,纠缠共振峰值降低．     

温度对化学平衡影响的动力学分析

<正> 由此可见:(1)当化学反应是吸热的,△H~0>0,K值随温度T的升高而增大,即升高温度化学平衡向正方向移动,降低温度平衡逆向移动。 (2)当反应是放热的,△H~0<0,K值随温度T的升高而减小,     

醋酸钠水解温度变化的实验细究

通过设计对照实验来感受水的电离随温度的变化，直观感受到升高温度，醋酸钠溶液的碱性增强；通过计算不同温度下的c(OH^-)/c(H⁺)，便于理解醋酸钠水解随温度升高碱性增强而pH变小的事实。基于实验论述了醋酸钠水解随温度升高的pH变化的复杂性，分析了二氧化碳等因素的影响。     

SrTiO_3微晶玻璃的低温制备及性能

采用低温法制备出SrTiO_8微晶玻璃.对样品进行了X-射线和DTA及ε-T曲线的测定。结果表明,在样品用料中加入一定量的碱金属氧化物,可以在较低温度下(～1350℃)制得SrTIO_8微晶玻璃。碱金属加入量的多少直接影响到微晶玻璃的制成温度.在较低温度下制得的微晶玻璃的介电常数随SrTiO_3含量的增加而增加,随温度的升高而略有升高。     

2-羰基丙酸羟基取代苯甲酰腙的热力学性质

运用Materials Studio程序的DMOL³模块对2-羰基丙酸邻羟基苯甲酰腙(酰腙1)、2-羰基丙酸间羟基苯甲酰腙(酰腙2)和2-羰基丙酸对羟基苯甲酰腙(酰腙3)的标准熵、定压摩尔热容、标准生成焓和标准摩尔生成吉布斯自由能等热力学函数进行了理论计算,讨论了其热力学函数随温度的变化规律。结果表明:三种酰腙的标准熵、定压摩尔热容和标准生成焓均随温度的升高而增大,标准摩尔生成吉布斯自由能随温度的升高而减小。     

掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)温度特性的实验研究

从理论上分析了掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)增益的温度特性与铒光纤发射截面和吸收截面的关系,并通过实验研究了其增益随温度的变化关系.从理论和实验两方面证实了EDFA的增益随温度的升高而降低.     

曲线图在教学中的应用

在1987年生物学高考的分析说明试题中,第二小题是:图1表示温度对酶的催化效率的影响,请根据图1回答下例问题: (1)曲线中的AB段表明:在一定的温度范围内,酶的催化效率随温度的升高而升高。 (2)曲线中的B点表示:酶作用的最适温度。 (3)曲线中的BC段表明:如果温度在达到酶作用的最适温度后继续升高,酶的催化效率就会下降。     

温度和盐度对青蛤耗氧率和排氨率的影响

研究了温度(15℃～32℃)、盐度(5～28)对青蛤的耗氧率和氨-N排泄率的影响。实验在青蛤饥饿24h后的封闭水体中进行,试验水中的溶氧浓度和氨-N浓度采用仪器测定。实验结果表明,在温度为15℃～28℃范围内,青蛤的耗氧率和排氨率随温度的升高而升高,排氨率尤其明显。在盐度为5～20的范围内,青蛤的耗氧率和排氨率随着盐度的升高而升高。当水温高于28℃时,青蛤的耗氧率明显下降,氨-N排泄率却迅速增加;当盐度大于20时,其耗氧率明显下降,而氨-N排泄率变化幅度不大。随青蛤个体的变小,其O:N的比值有逐渐变大的趋势。当盐度在5～20时,3种规格青蛤的O:N随盐度的升高而逐步增大,在20时达到最大值,然后其值开始变小。当温度在15～28℃时,3种规格青蛤的O:N随温度的升高而逐步增大,在28℃时达到最大值,然后其值开始变小。     

温度升高热敏电阻的阻值一定减少吗?

高中物理教材中指出:有的半导体,在温度升高时电阻减小得非常迅速,利用这种材料可以制成体积很小的热敏电阻。因此不少师生认为,热敏电阻的阻值总是随温度的升高而减小。果真如此吗?其实热敏电阻是电阻值随温度变化的半导体传感器,按其温度特性分为三类:负温度系数热敏电阻(NTC)、正温度系数热敏电阻(PTC)、临界温度系数热敏电阻(CTR),三类热敏电阻的特性曲线如图1所示,下面对其作一具体介绍。1PTC热敏电阻PTC(PositiveTemperatureCoeffiCient)是指随温度上升电阻急剧增加、具有正温度系数的热敏电阻现象或材料。该材料是以钛酸钡、…     

308.2K和313.2K下CO_2与正辛醇二元体系在高压下的相平衡研究

采用可变体积高压釜测定了正辛醇和CO_2组成的二元体系在308.2K和313.2K温度和高压下的气液相平衡数据.讨论了温度、压力对平衡组成的影响.同压下,随温度的升高,CO_2在液相中的溶解度降低;同温下,CO_2在液相中的溶解度随压力的升高而升高.运用Peng-Robinson状态方程(PR)和Vander Waals-2混合规则建立了相平衡模型,并运用最小二乘法优化计算得到了不同温度下的模型参数.     

A δ-function-like peak in the specific heat of two-dimensional vortex lattice: Monte carlo study

A repulsive vortex-vortex interaction model was used to numerically study the melting transition of the two-dimensional vortex system with Monte Carlo method. Then a δ-function-like peak in the specific heat was observed and the internal energy showed a sharp drop at the melting temperature, which indicated that there exists a first-order melting transition at finite temperatures. The Lindemann criterion was also investigated and valid, but different from previous simulation results.     

Simple operated multipurpose temperature control cryostat

A suitable simple optical cryostat for optical, magneto-optical, electrical and thermo-electrical measurements was designed. It is suitable for use in a magnetic pool gap as narrow as less than 1 cm. Throughout a long period of time, the heat diffusion process of the cryostat can be easily operated at slow increase in sample temperature in a range 1.25 K/min at 200 K that will be reduced gradually to 0.66 K at room temperature. Liquid nitrogen was used to cool down the temperature. During the operation, the change in the measured energy gap of a semiconductor sample and other physical parameters resulting from the change of temperature can be corrected through the temperature coefficient of that parameter at the corresponding temperature. The cryostat was successfully used for all experiments mentioned above to measure the properties of a single crystal of GaP (Gallium Phosphate) semiconductor.     

块体非晶合金（Fe0．5Co0．5）72B19．2Si4．8Nb4的晶化动力学效应

利用较低纯度的原材料通过真空铜模吸铸法成功地制备了直径为2mm的（Fe0．5Co0．5）72B19．2Si4．8Nb4块体非晶合金。用X射线衍射（XRD）和示差扫描量热分析仪（DSC）研究了该非晶合金的晶化行为。结果表明,升温速率为10℃／min时,玻璃转变温度Tg为568．3℃,晶化起始温度Tx为598．6℃,晶化峰值温度Tp为608．0℃．随着升温速率的增加,特征温度Tg,Tx,Tp向高温区移动．用Kissinger法得到的玻璃转变激活能E。为272．3KJ／mo｜,晶化激活能E：为386．2KJ／too｜,晶化峰值激活能Ep为401．9KJ／mol,用Ozawa法得到的特征温度激活能与用Kissinger法得出的激活能变化趋势是一致的,都有Ep〉Ex〉Eg 此外,用Ozawa法分析了晶化激活能随晶化体积分数的关系,表明随着晶化体积分数的逐渐增加,激活能先增加,当晶化体积分数为14％时,激活能达到最大值379．4KJ／mol,然后随着晶化体积分数的逐渐增加,激活能减少。     

硅化镁的电子结构与热力学性质

利用密度泛函理论的赝势平面波方法对 Mg2Si 晶体的结构进行了几何优化,在优化的基础上对电子结构、弹性常数与热力学性质进行了第一性原理计算．结果得到 Mg2Si 是一种带隙为 0.2846eV 的间接带隙半导体;其导带主要以 Mg 的 3p、3s 与Si 的 3p 态电子构成;弹性常量 C11= 114.39GPa、C12= 22.45GPa、C44= 42.78GPa;零温度与零压下的德拜温度为 676.4K．运用线性响应方法确定了声子色散关系,得到 Mg2Si 的等容热容、德拜温度、焓、自由能、熵等热力学函数随温度变化的关系．     

Algorithm of heating temperature for Chongqing＇s winter greenhouses

Internal temperature is crucial to plant growth in the greenhouse. We investigated the patterns of constructing and managing greenhouses in Chongqing, and developed an algorithm of heating temperature for closed winter plastic greenhouses under the conditions of no man-made illumination, no ventilation and hot wind machine as the heating equipment which are the most adopted pattern of greenhouses in Chongqing area. The algorithm includes two functions of temperature outside the greenhouse, which calculate the values of the warming estimation coefficient （WEC） and the gap between temperatures inside and outside the greenhouse with the measured data of outside temperature, and then give the value of internal temperature; the heat rating of heating facilities required by a greenhouse can be determined by this algorithm with given values of floor area and internal temperature, measured outside temperature and calculated WEC. Verification of the algorithm demonstrates a desirable accuracy of estimation. Algorithms of computing heating temperature for greenhouses of different constructing and managing patterns and in different geographic conditions can also be derived in a similar way. This research presents a paradigm for developing a feasible method to fit out greenhouses with appropriate heating facilities, aiming at energy efficient and cost efficient production.     

Algorithm of heating temperature for Chongqing’s winter greenhouses

Internal temperature is crucial to plant growth in the greenhouse. We investigated the patterns of constructing and managing greenhouses in Chongqing, and developed an algorithm of heating temperature for closed winter plastic greenhouses under the conditions of no man-made illumination, no ventilation and hot wind machine as the heating equipment, which are the most adopted pattern of greenhouses in Chongqing area. The algorithm includes two functions of temperature outside the greenhouse, which calculate the values of the warming estimation coefficient (WEC) and the gap between temperatures inside and outside the greenhouse with the measured data of outside temperature, and then give the value of internal temperature; the heat rating of heating facilities required by a greenhouse can be determined by this algorithm with given values of floor area and internal temperature, measured outside temperature and calculated WEC. Verification of the algorithm demonstrates a desirable accuracy of estimation. Algorithms of computing heating temperature for greenhouses of different constructing and managing patterns and in different geographic conditions can also be derived in a similar way. This research presents a paradigm for developing a feasible method to fit out greenhouses with appropriate heating facilities, aiming at energy efficient and cost efficient production.     

加氢精制联合装置用能优化

针对三套加氢精制装置用能存在的不足,采取了装置间热联合、优化改进换热网络、充分利用低温热等措施。实现汽油加氢、航煤加氢两套装置的热量集成,汽油加氢的富余高温位热量正好用于航煤加氢装置高温位热量需求,柴油加氢装置低温热也得到了更有效的利用。三套装置经节能改进后,年节约能量488．893 MJ ,节能效果显著。     

薄荷、醇、水系物快速改善小环境效能的研究

本文对薄荷—醇—水系统的降温效果在模拟环境条件中作了实验研究。确定出有效的组份配比。并获得明显效果。     

Heat transfer and parametric studies of an encapsulated phase change material based cool thermal energy storage system

INTRODUCTION Cool thermal energy storage (CTES) using the latent heat concept as an alternative to sensible heat storage offers a good option because of its high storage density and the nearly constant temperature heat removal characteristics during the discharging cycle. Since the principle of latent cool storage nec- essarily involves a change of state, heat transfer must occur in different modes depending on the state of charging and discharging. During the periods of low cooling dema…     

Can the Study of Thermochemistry Facilitate Students’ Differentiation between Heat Energy and Temperature?

The objectives of this study are: (a) Evaluate science major freshman students’ ability to differentiate between heat energy and temperature, after having studied the topic of thermochemistry; (b) ascertain the degree to which students resist change from the caloric to the kinetic-molecular theory; (c) study the ability to differentiate between heat energy and temperature and its relationship to solving a problem of thermochemistry. Science major freshman students (n = 76) were tested on a three-item Test of Heat Energy and Temperature (THT) and a Thermochemistry Problem (TP). Both THT and the TP formed part of a semester exam given after the topic of thermochemistry had been studied in class. Results obtained show that even after having studied thermochemistry in an introductory freshman course, students have considerable difficulty in differentiating between heat energy and temperature. Although, all three items of THT required the understanding of kinetic-molecular theory, percentage of correct responses varied considerably: Item 1 (72%), Item 2 (64%), and Item 3 (51%). A correct response on Item 3 meant that different amounts of water in two different vessels at 100 °C, would have the same average kinetic energy, but the heat energy required to attain 100 °C was different—hence the confusion with heat as a substance (caloric theory). It was found that students who had good conceptual understanding on the TP did not perform significantly (χ ² = 0.023) better on the THT. It is concluded that as science teachers we must be aware of the difficulties associated with the differentiation between heat energy and temperature and hence the need for teaching thermochemistry in order to facilitate conceptual understanding.