社会资本、合作剩余与大学教师合作行为

引入社会资本、合作剩余两个关于人类合作的概念,通过实证检验和博弈论分析发现,大学教师合作累积社会资本,具有促进大学学术发展的效能,教师合作行为也是可能实现并得到发展的。大学可从构建一定的组织以增加合作剩余、培育社会资本并促其升值等方面来发展教师的合作行为。     

Social capital in the classroom: a study of in-class social capital and school adjustment

Social capital is generally considered beneficial for students’ school adjustment. This paper argues that social relationships among pupils generate social capital at both the individual and the class levels, and that each has its unique effect on pupils’ performance and well-being. The sample in this study consists of 1036 children in 60 first-grade classes in 46 Dutch elementary schools. Multilevel regression results show that a substantial proportion of the variance in school adjustment can be attributed to the class level and that both individual-level and classroom-level social capital have substantial effects on school adjustment. At the individual level, the size of one’s network is more important than its structure. At the collective level, social capital also has a ‘dark side’ because it can have negative effects on adjustment, lowering the academic performance in a class.     

Cultural capital,curriculum policy and teaching Latin

Latin is currently being trialled as a subject in 40 state secondary schools in England. This paper focuses on one of the justifications of this trial: that teaching Latin in state secondary schools provides students with cultural capital which in turn counters social injustice. By taking the example of Latin as a starting point, I reach two conclusions about cultural capital. The first is that providing students with cultural capital can be good for some individuals, and so justified on a case-by-case basis depending on context. However, this justification does not hold for curriculum policy making. My second conclusion is that in the long term, pursuing cultural capital as part of curriculum policy exacerbates the social injustices it purports to address. Wherever an activity is introduced for the sake of cultural capital rather than its educational value, educationally valuable activities risk being pushed off the curriculum, potentially degrading the educational value of the curriculum. In the case of teaching Latin, it may provide benefits to particular students, but as part of curriculum policy it risks exacerbating social injustices and undermining the educational value of school curricula. Going beyond the place of Latin on the curriculum, I argue that all appeals to cultural capital provide a poor basis for curriculum policy making.     

Social capital and the educational achievement of young people in Sweden

Based on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of social capital (the social stratification perspective), this study examines the impact of social capital on the educational outcomes of young people in Sweden, with a focus on the extra-familial aspect of social capital – that is, social capital generated by parental networks and active membership in various social organizations and friendship networks. The results indicate that the class background of respondents is the main predictor of access to all three forms of extra-familial social capital. However, after controlling for class background, the children of racialized immigrant groups are more likely to have access to more types of social capital than others. All three aspects of extra-familial social capital positively influence the educational performance of pupils.     

Self‐Compassion,Affect, and Body Image in College Women

The aim of this study was to understand the relationships between self‐compassion, positive affect, negative affect, and variables representative of positive body image for college women. Regression analyses indicated that self‐compassion and affect accounted for 39% and 30% of the variance, respectively, in body appreciation and body image quality of life. Mediational analyses demonstrated that positive affect mediated the relationships between self‐compassion and both indicators of body image. Implications for college counseling are discussed.     

论影响中小学教师专业发展的基本因素

当前中小学教师专业发展面临着根基性的难题,主要表现在教师工资、教师学习、学校管理、教师培训与专家引领等方面,这些问题的解决是有效促进教师专业发展的前提。     

Social capital practices as adaptive drivers for local adjustment of new public management in schools

New public management (NPM) reforms have typically undermined teachers’ autonomy, values, and status in society. This article questions whether such reforms automatically have these outcomes or whether and how possibilities for local adjustment of such reforms may prevent negative outcomes. Drawing on empirical case studies from two Danish municipal schools and the concept of organisational social capital, we investigate how two reform initiatives – ‘student plan-based school–home collaboration’ and ‘teamwork’ – were locally adjusted into collaborative practices. The analysis demonstrates surprising local adjustments of the reform initiatives, while also revealing some ambiguities. The results demonstrate that some reform initiatives can lead to new collaborative leadership and management practices in schools that solve the central school leadership and management tasks of coordination and planning. This indicates that collaborative leadership and management practices may emerge from NPM reforms, and that such practices can prevent negative outcomes of such reforms.     

Modelling life satisfaction and adjustment to trauma in children exposed to ongoing military violence: An exploratory study in Palestine

Exposure to war and ongoing political violence increases mental health risks among children, especially in terms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depressive or somatic symptoms. However, an exclusive focus on negative functioning can lead to underestimating the coping abilities and natural potential for adjusting to trauma of war-affected children at different developmental phases. Using structural equation modelling, we tested the extent to which data gathered in a predominantly nonclinical sample of Palestinian children (N = 1276) living in refugee camps supported a conceptual model in which the relationship between subjective wellbeing and the effects of trauma is mainly top-down in direction. The cross-sectional design adopted showed that feelings of life satisfaction contributed to better affect balance in children (aged 6–11 years), which in turn, mitigated the impact of traumatic events. These findings point up the importance of dimensions of subjective well-being in children involved in traumatic events and may inspire intervention and treatment focused on the ability to activate positive emotions as a crucial resource for dealing with traumatic reactions.     

Inequality in social capital: social capital,social risk and drop-out in the Turkish education system

This article examines the effects of social capital on the likelihood of dropping out from the compulsory education system (Grades One through Eight) in Turkey. It focuses on the question of whether school-related social capital can provide the means to stay in school in the presence of risk factors such as socioeconomic status, race, or gender that cannot be easily modified. Despite major progress in enrollment rates due to policies enacted in recent years, the overall drop-out rate in compulsory education is close to 15% in Turkey. Data collected from 764 student–mother pairs show that drop-outs are exposed to higher number of social risk factors. We further illustrate that school-related social capital, as measured by quality of in-school teacher–student interactions as well as parental involvement in school, significantly and positively contributes to adolescents’ likelihood of staying in school even in the presence of severe social inequalities.     

社会契约论三种——对霍布斯、洛克与卢梭政治哲学思想的比较

作为近代西方社会契约论的代表人物,霍布斯主张订立社会契约的要义是维护秩序与安全,洛克主张构建社会契约的重心是保护人的自然权利,卢梭则坚决信奉人民主权原则。霍布斯与洛克的社会契约理论虽存在极大差异,但二者却有着共同的政治哲学基础:消极自由观。与之相反,卢梭的社会契约理论奠基在积极自由观之上。     

Social class (in)visibility and the professional experiences of middle-class novice teachers

This article focuses upon the classed and early professional experiences of middle-class novice teachers in England experiencing and contemplating working in schools serving socio-economically disadvantaged communities. Through an examination of the visibility and invisibility of social class in education set within an increasingly unequal and changed social landscape, the article reports upon research which seeks to better understand the class identities of these teachers. Evidence is presented of the key, yet complex, role that social class occupies within the working lives of new teachers and reveals the different ways in which teachers respond to the classed dimensions of their early professional experiences. It is concluded that the fundamentally important role that social class plays in terms of shaping early professional experiences in teaching suggests the need not only for a commensurately enhanced focus as part of early professional development, but also for attention that is sensitively attuned to the class identities of teachers.     

新形势下高校青年教师思想政治工作研究

抓好高校青年教师思想政治工作关系到高等教育长足健康的发展和培养人才的质量.当前,高校青年教师在思想政治素质方面存在不少问题,需要高度重视.加强高校青年教师思想政治工作必须注重理论灌输和实践锻炼、教育引导和科学管理、"严"和"情"、"点"和"面"的结合.     

Conjuring optimism in dark times: Education,affect and human capital

This paper analyses how the discursive construction, valuation and subjective experience of human capital is evolving in parallel with crises of capital as a world-system. Ideology critique provides tools for analysing policy ‘fictions’ that aim to sustain investment in human capital through education. Foucauldian analytical tools enable analysis of how human capital has become a project of self-appreciation and cultivation of positive psychological traits. We argue that the work of Lauren Berlant provides an important complement to these approaches and enables us to analyse how crises of capital are being lived as the cruelling of optimism about social mobility through investment in oneself as human capital. The paper points to an educational politics and pedagogy for living through infrastructural breakdown in darkly uncertain historical times.     

Mapping the social side of pre-service teachers: connecting closeness,trust, and efficacy with performance

This exploratory study foregrounds the important, but often understudied social side of pre-service teacher development and its relation to teaching performance in one university-based teacher preparation program in the US. We examine the extent to which pre-service elementary teachers’ social relationships and perceptions of peer trust and efficacy are associated with performance on a high stakes mathematics teaching assessment. Findings suggest that social and emotional support through close social ties, peer trust, and self-efficacy are significantly and positively associated with pre-service teachers’ teaching performance. Our work further contributes to the development and discourse about teacher education in university-based teacher preparation programs.     

General,collective, and domain-specific teacher self-efficacy among Chinese prospective and in-service teachers in Hong Kong

This study assessed two global (general and collective) and seven domain-specific sets of teacher self-efficacy beliefs among 273 Chinese prospective and in-service teachers in Hong Kong. While teachers generally reported having the highest confidence in teaching highly able learners and the least confidence in classroom management, there were significant teacher group differences. Among four groups of teachers, the experienced teachers reported the highest level of global and domain-specific teacher self-efficacy, suggesting that there could be a trend of rising teacher self-efficacy as a teacher went through preparation and teaching practice to becoming a novice and then a more experienced teacher.     

重庆高校外籍教师文化适应状况的调查与研究

外籍教师不能很好地适应新的文化环境而引发的事故不时发生。借鉴跨文化交际学和文化适应理论,以定性和定量相结合的方法研究外籍教师来渝后在新文化环境中的适应问题,并提出促进文化适应的措施。     

论高校思想政治教育社会参与机制的涵义及其发生依据

思想政治教育是全社会的事业,高校是思想政治教育的主阵地。社会实践是增强高校思想政治教育实效性的必要途径。文章阐述了高校思想政治教育社会参与机制的内涵和特点,从理论和实践两方面阐明了高校思想政治教育社会参与机制的发生依据。     

社会实践与高校思想政治教育实效性研究

高等教育的重点就是提高教育质量.就高校思想政治教育而言,就是努力提高其实效性.社会实践是大学生健康成长的一个重要环节,是提高高校思想政治教育实效性的必经之路.     

加强高校思想政治理论课社会实践教学环节的思考

加强高校思想政治理论课的社会实践教学，是由马克思主义理论和思想政治理论课自身特点、性质、教学目的及教学任务决定的，也是人的认识规律和青年学生思想品德形成发展规律的逻辑必然。高校思想政治理论课社会实践教学模式的构建，应遵循大学生的成长规律和思想政治教育教学规律，切合高校教学改革的实际，有较强的可操作性，应建立健全“思政课”社会实践教学的长效机制。     

中国社会分层与思想政治教育

社会分层作为当代中国社会发展的客观现象，对于思想政治教育既有积极意义，又带来严峻挑战。一方面，社会分层打破了原有的用人体制，促进了人才的社会流动，打破了原有体制的平均主义，提高了人们的工作积极性；另一方面，社会分层扩大了贫富差距，加剧了社会不同群体的利益冲突，导致社会群体的思想意识多元化，而且社会分化过程中的非正常现象容易引起人们对社会分层本身合理性的质疑。针对这些情况，思想政治教育亟需采取相应的策略措施，积极应对。