高等教育国际质量保证和认证的模式

在高等教育国际化的今天,各国政府、团体或者学校都寻求一个广泛认可的高等教育质量保证和认证模式。本文对Dirk Van Damme提出的四种模式做了介绍和评价。即1从现有的国家质量保证和认证系统和机构中分离出来并加强它;2促进跨境质量保证和质量保证及认证的双边认可;3．在国际和全球层面制定质量保证和认证机构的后认证;4建立国际质量保证和认证机制。我们需要根据现实情况来参与高等教育国际质量保证和认证,保护高等教育各利益相关人的权益。完善自己的认证系统。     

高等教育质量保障的法律纠纷及解决机制——基于德国与美国的经验

高等教育质量保障的法律规制是大学法研究的前沿议题,以德国与美国为代表的两大法律体系,分别被纳入公法规制与普通法规制的范畴。在德国,高等教育认证行为属于行政行为,高校与认证代理机构之间的纠纷属于公法争议。申诉、行政诉讼与宪法诉愿等公法救济机制,构成德国高等学校与认证代理机构之间纠纷的解决渠道。如何避免认证对学术自由构成侵害,已成为德国公法学界与实务界关注的核心议题。受联邦宪法法院大学课程认证裁定的影响,德国高等教育认证体系正在进行深刻变革与调整。在美国,高等教育认证机构具有非营利性组织的法律地位,须履行诚实信用以及基本的正当程序等普通法的一般义务。高等教育认证机构对“认证联邦化”的抵制以及高等教育机构对认证决定的抱怨或不满,构成美国高等教育质量保障纠纷的焦点议题。穷尽内部救济与“司法终局性”原则,被视为美国高等教育质量保障纠纷的解决机制。德美两国在高等教育质量保障法律纠纷的解决中形成的经验和教训,对我国明确高等教育质量保障机构的法律地位、强化高等教育质量保障的程序正义、建全高等教育质量的多元纠纷解决机制具有重要启示。     

The Australian higher education quality assurance framework

The Australian government initiated a review of higher education in 2008. One of the outcomes of the review was the formation of a national regulator, the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA), with responsibilities to: register all higher education providers, accredit the courses of the non self-accrediting providers, assure quality against externally set standards and reduce risk by monitoring institutional performance on various measures. One of the key changes in Australian higher education quality assurance is the shift from a ‘fitness-for-purpose’ approach to quality assurance to a compliance-driven approach using an externally developed set of standards monitored by the national regulator, which has legislated powers to place sanctions on universities and other providers for non-compliance. This article outlines the new framework introduced by the government and analyses its limitations in assuring and improving quality in core and support areas. It cautions universities against being dominated by TEQSA's compliance agenda. Rather, it encourages the development and maintenance of shared governance principles and strong internal quality improvement processes along with the establishment of an outcomes focus, which will stand the test of external compliance auditing while allowing the institution to pursue its own educational objectives. The article is based on the authors’ experience and reflection on external, improvement-led quality audits in Australia over the past decade compared with the present compliance-oriented audits now required for institutional registration and ongoing accreditation.     

美国高等教育质量认证的运行模式——以美国南部院校协会(SACS)为例

美国高等教育的质量保障在很大程度上是通过认证来进行的。美国南部院校协会(SACS)作为美国六大地区性认证机构之一,在美国高等教育质量保障体系中发挥着重要作用。总结和分析美国南部院校协会的组织结构、运行机制、认证标准及认证程序,可以为我国高等教育评估和质量保障提供有益的启示。     

跨国教育的质量保障、认证和资格认可

20世纪80年代以来,跨国教育快速发展.各种形式的跨国教育对现行的质量保障、认证和资格认可机制提出了一系列的挑战.跨国教育今后的发展,在很大程度上取决于国家和国际层面上质量保障、认证和资格认可方面的制度安排.本文对跨国教育的现行质量保障、认证和资格认可机制进行了梳理和分析.     

荷兰高等教育外部质量保障新机制探析

荷兰模式是国际上著名的高等教育质量保障模式之一。最近荷兰又推出了高等教育外部质量保障的新机制——质量鉴定。通过对荷兰质量鉴定机制的内涵加以评介和分析,以期为我国当前高等教育管理体制改革和质量评估工作提供有益的启发和建议。     

The contribution of professional accreditation to quality assurance in higher education

This article examines the extent to which the professional accreditation of professional higher education programmes can complement other quality assurance endeavours being carried out. An analysis of a sample of professional accreditation reports for pharmacy education programmes in Ireland provides insight into the priorities of the regulatory professional body with regard to preparation for the profession. The results show that the reports address issues that are of relevance for the higher education institutions’ provision of quality programmes and for their quality assurance. The article also considers the extent to which the reports hold institutions accountable against the professional standards, while also acknowledging the professional responsibility of institution staff. Catering for both of these logics is necessary so that professional accreditation can contribute effectively as a mechanism for quality assurance, including enhancement, in the institution.     

Invisible Statues of Colonisation: Regulatory Curriculum Requirements in South African Higher Education

Abstract

Over the past 20 years, the South African higher education (HE) system has become increasingly regularised. All programmes offered at South African public universities have to be registered and accredited by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET); the Higher Education Quality Committee (HEQC) under the auspices of the Council on Higher Education (CHE); as well as the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA). Such accreditation, registration and quality assurance is subject to a growing series of stringent regulatory frameworks that must be adhered to, chief amongst which are the Higher Education Qualifications Sub-Framework (HEQSF) and the Classification of Educational Subject Matter (CESM) manual and the later Addendum. Increased calls from both students and government for curriculum transformation and the decolonisation of HE require a critical review of the regulatory regime as one of the barriers to curriculum transformation at South African universities. The aim of this article is to present a conceptual analysis of the CESM and its regulatory context within a decolonial framework in order to show that the regulatory requirements for curricula have created a rigid and colonised conception of what universities may and may not teach. The CESM categories and their concomitant requirements have become the so-called invisible statues of colonisation based on narrow and morally decadent Western conceptions of academic disciplines in current university curricula.     

高等教育质量保障规制体制的理想类型、变革趋势与启示

长期以来,高等教育质量保障有赖于学术自治与自律机制的建立,受同行评议机制与声誉机制的控制。然而,受高等教育规模扩张与国家政治经济体制变革的影响,这种传统的学术自我规制体系能否保障与提高高等教育质量开始受到广泛的质疑。以学术界利益为旨归的私人规制体制、风险与标准导向的市场型规制体制以及基于绩效责任逻辑的政府规制体制三种类型的高等教育质量保障规制体制先后确立。三种规制体制在规制标准的制定、信息搜集以及行为矫正机制等规制要素方面具有迥异的规制逻辑与特征。规制实践的经验表明,倾向于自我规制与国家规制的规制体制均存在缺陷。基于学术自由与公共利益辩证统一的诉求,三种规制体制均开始强调自治与法治、自律与他律的有机整合,并呈现出合作规制的变革趋势。中国高等教育质量保障规制体制的变革应立足于法治的原则、思维和方式,增强政府公权力的法治规约,以实现国家监督与大学自主之间的合作与平衡。     

认证与审查:美英两国高等教育质量保证体系之比较

认证或评估是保证高等教育办学质量的主要手段,在高等教育管理中扮演着重要的角色。本文拟通过对美英两国高等教育质量保证体系的比较分析,为我国正在实施中的高等教育质量工程提供参考。     

医学教育的全球标准和认证:WFME的观点

本文作者是世界医学教育联合会(WFME)主席,1996年以来,他一直致力于医学教育全球标准的开发,本文论述了以下几个问题:(1)对全球标准和认证的需要;(2)WHO/WFME的战略协作伙伴关系;(3)医学教育认证制度的指导方针;(4)全球标准的界定;(5)国际质量保证和认可的促进.     

英国高校内部教育质量保障体系的发展、特征及启示——以牛津大学为例

建立专门的校级保障机构、制定统一的质量保障手册、吸纳学生参与质量保障、实施校外监察员制度、重视学院、学术分部及系的质量评价,这是以牛津大学为代表的英国高校内部质量保障体系的主要特征。建立校级专职质量保障机构、重视学生参与质量保障、培育自我规范、自我约束的质量保障观念,这是给予我国高校内部质量保障体系建设的有益启迪。     

Quality assurance at a distance: international accreditation in Taiwan higher education

In response to the global competitiveness in higher education, the government, in recent years, has encouraged Taiwan colleges and universities to seek international accreditation, which raises several questions, such as jurisdiction over national accreditation, a single set of standards for local and global quality assurance, demand for the mutual recognition of review outcomes, etc. With the looming pressures for change that international accreditation will likely pose on a Taiwan national framework of quality assurance, multiple impacts on institutions and national accrediting agencies in Taiwan are now beginning to be increasingly felt. Hence, this paper examines current academic international accreditation programs and institutions, recognizes Taiwan’s accrediting organizations, and analyzes the challenges that institutions and national accrediting agencies are facing.     

我国高等教育质量保障体系的结构及其问题

高等教育的质量与发展的需求相比,质量保障体系在结构上存在着以下问题:质量标准单一,过份倚重学术性;质量保障主体力量不均衡,政府掌握着绝对影响力,学校、民间组织和市场力量发挥作用不大;重输入保障、轻过程保障和输出保障。     

乌干达高等教育质量保障的路径

自20世纪90年代以来,乌干达高等教育在快速扩充中面临着质量保障的挑战。进入21世纪以后,为适应社会的需要和全球化时代的变化,乌干达在国家层面、学校层面着手制定质量保障政策,建立较完整的质量保障框架,同时还以东非大学理事会为平台,通过地区合作,提升本国高等教育质量保障的能力。     

经合组织与联合国教科文组织跨境高等教育质量保证项目简介

联合国教科文组织和经合组织合作公布了面向各国政府及高等教育机构等六大群体的跨境高等教育质量保证指导方针,并制定“国际高等教育信息工具”项目以加强此领域的区域性和国际性合作。     

Quality Assurance,Accreditation, and Recognition of Qualifications as Regulatory Mechanisms in the European Higher Education Area

This article discusses the intricacies of the role and methods of application of quality assurance, accreditation, and the recognition of academic qualifications in the European Higher Education Area in formation. It analyzes the many-faceted meanings and measurement of quality in higher education, the means of its assurance at institutional and system levels, the links of quality assurance to accreditation and of both to recognition, the latter of which is also analyzed in detail. Quality assurance, accreditation, and recognition are inseparably linked and basic to the Bologna Process.     

Quality assurance and accreditation of engineering education in Jordan

This paper provides a study of the quality assurance and accreditation in the Jordanian higher education sector and focuses mainly on engineering education. It presents engineering education, accreditation and quality assurance in Jordan and considers the Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) for a case study. The study highlights the efforts undertaken by the faculty of engineering at JUST concerning quality assurance and accreditation. Three engineering departments were accorded substantial equivalency status by the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology in 2009. Various measures of quality improvement, including curricula development, laboratories improvement, computer facilities, e-learning, and other supporting services are also discussed. Further assessment of the current situation is made through two surveys, targeting engineering instructors and students. Finally, the paper draws conclusions and proposes recommendations to enhance the quality of engineering education at JUST and other Jordanian educational institutions.     

南非教师教育的质量保障制度

为了保障教师教育的质量,南非构建了从教师教育机构审查、教学项目认证、教师资格认证到教师专业发展的一体化质量保障体系,并为此成立了高等教育质量委员会、教育从业者委员会和行业教育培训局等质量保障机构。无论在机构审查标准、教学项目认证标准、教师资格认证标准、教师专业发展系统,还是教师专业能力描述、教师职业规范要求,教师专业发展内涵上都颇具特色,为教师教育质量保障制度体系的构建提供了有益的国际经验。     

A strategic quality assurance framework in an African higher education context

This study is based on a pragmatist analysis of selected international accounts on quality assurance in higher education. A pragmatist perspective was used to conceptualise a logical internal quality assurance model to embed and support the alignment of graduate competencies in curriculum and assessment of Ghanaian polytechnics. Through focus group and in-depth interviews, the framework was evaluated by internal stakeholders including lecturers, students and administrators of the polytechnics. It was found that from a pragmatist perspective, quality assurance concepts and practices in higher education reported in the international literature could be used to design a context-specific quality assurance framework for higher education systems in Africa but there will be challenges with implementation of such a framework. The challenges found include quality culture and financial resources. Nonetheless, it was noted that effective planning and stakeholder commitment can surmount the challenges to ensure effective implementation of the framework to enhance quality.