治理视角下的大学制度研究

现代大学的目标是传承知识、创造知识与服务社会,但这个目标不是自动实现的,需要一系列制度安排来实施,这种制度安排就是大学治理。它包含内部治理和外部治理两个方面,除正式制度安排外,文化在大学治理中也发挥着重要作用。     

加拿大高等教育信息化战略的多维透视

加拿大联邦和省区政府先后实施的多项全国性和区域性信息基础设施战略为其高等学校在科研、教学和管理等方面的信息化实践奠定了坚实的基础,而大学层次的信息化战略则成为创新高校信息技术治理模式,实现信息技术与高校学术目标战略匹配,推动信息时代大学系统变革的有力杠杆。从国家、省区和大学三个维度深入考察加拿大信息化战略的实施经验对于我国的高等教育信息化实践具有一定的借鉴和启示。     

Traditional governance structures ‐ current policy pressures: The academic senate and Canadian universities

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to identify current policy pressures in Canadian higher education and explore their implications for academic decision‐making bodies based on data we obtained in our national study on university senates. We describe two inter‐related sets of public policy pressures that have emerged in recent years in Canada including on‐going financial restraint and a renewed interest in university research. We conclude by reviewing a number of important implications for Canadian university governance in the context of contemporary policy pressures.     

Democracy and university governance: One president's perspective

Is a collegial concept of decision making in a university sufficiently robust to ensure that the governance of the institution may be termed democratic? In the case of one Canadian university, the decision by faculty to enter into collective bargaining as a trade union demonstrated that a notion of democratic governance does not hold up under the pressures of confrontation among the groups comprising the total university community.     

美国一流大学数据治理的研究与启示——以范德堡大学为例

数据治理是高校教育治理的重要内容和重要手段。数据治理水平决定了教育现代化的程度。范德堡大学的数据治理包括制定数据治理战略规划、构建数据治理组织架构、制定数据治理政策、采用成熟度矩阵模型衡量数据治理水平。形成高校数据治理文化、建立高校数据治理体系、培养高校数据治理人才是促进中国高校教育治理现代化的重要手段。     

Student Participation in Higher Education Institutions in Turkey

After the 2001 meeting of the European Ministers of Education held in Prague, higher education institutions in Turkey took serious actions in order to implement the goals of the Bologna Declaration (1999). Arrangements made for the democratization of universities and student participation in the decision‐making process formed one of the predominant actions. The formal point of these arrangements – aimed at student involvement in the university governance process via Student Councils and their representatives, was prescribed by law and forced universities to comply with the process. The present research provides information about the legal arrangements in higher education institutions concerning student involvement in the university decision‐making process and the obstacles met within the course of application. In addition, it presents the findings of an empirical study related to student representation and involvement in governance through the agency of the Student Councils.     

个体情感:大学治理的微观基础

个体情感在大学治理中尚未受到足够的重视。文章以行为经济学和道德心理学的研究为基础,探讨了个体情感在大学治理中的重要价值,构建了基于组织承诺和组织身份的情感模型,并以此为基础重审了大学的组织特性和决策风格。将个体情感视为大学治理的微观基础,是进一步推动大学治理现代化的重要视角。     

An analytical framework for the cross-country comparison of higher education governance

In this article we provide an integrated framework for the analysis of higher education governance which allows us to more systematically trace the changes that European higher education systems are currently undergoing. We argue that, despite highly insightful previous analyses, there is a need for more specific empirically observable indicators of policy change and inertia. We therefore propose a systematic classification of empirical indicators of higher education governance. To do so, we look at three historically entrenched and still highly relevant European models of higher education??academic self-governance, the state-centered model and the market-oriented model. Based on these broader overarching models which reflect the tensions between the state, market and academia, we develop three ideal-types that take internal university governance as well as the role of the state and external stakeholders into account. Against this background, we derive empirical indicators with regard to the institutional balance of power, financial governance, personnel autonomy and substantive matters. Our analytical contribution shall enable scholars, and in particular political and social scientists, to trace ongoing patterns of change and convergence as well as persistence and inertia in higher education governance arrangements.     

学术资本主义与大学治理结构变革

学术资本主义的运行与发展,要求大学治理结构作出适应性调整。它在推动大学外部治理结构由三元主体向四元主体转变、内部治理矛盾向外部治理矛盾局部转移、治理权力向治理结构顶层和基层双向延展等方面起到了显著性作用。大学治理结构早在学术资本主义产生前就已基本形成,并成为学术资本主义可持续发展的重要前提。学术资本主义只有秉承大学自治与学术自由、专业治理与学术治理协调发展理念,不断强化大学的学术性、公益性、独立性法人地位,才能持续对大学治理结构产生积极影响。     

英美传统大学治理结构研究——基于大学章程的考察

大学治理是实现现代大学制度的重要途径,决策机构、执行机构和学术机构共同构成了大学治理结构的核心部分。英美传统的大学历史久远,一般均在其章程中对此做了明确规定。结合有关大学章程,我们可对英美传统大学的治理结构进行类型化梳理,进而认识多元治理模式与大学自治模式的决策机构,实权型与荣誉型的校长负责制,以及咨询型与决策型的学术机构,从而对英美传统大学治理结构进行整体把握。     

Who controls the board in non-profit organizations? The case of private higher education institutions in Colombia

How should the governance system in a non-membership non-profit organization be designed? This organizational form has no shareholders; instead, donors provide funds. Thus, at the organizational level, the board of directors could have all the power. Under this legal form, who controls the board? If too powerful, boards could misuse resources or distract the organization from its foundational goals. We examine the case of private higher education institutions (HEIs) in Colombia and the balance of power in university governance systems which feature this organizational form. Most HEIs in our sample have a kind of assembly of representatives as the governance body with the highest authority and able to appoint and control the board. We specifically discuss the assemblies’ reason for being, structure, and functions in private HEIs in Colombia. We analyze a total of 204 HEI governance structures and find governance arrangements with the characteristics of an assembly of representatives in 154 (75.9%). Our analysis highlights features in some of these governance bodies that could lead to overly powerful assemblies (e.g., founder donors with tenure for life). Clearly, a proper balance of power is required to avoid rent-seeking behaviors or the pursuit of harmful private non-monetary benefits from assembly members as well as boards.     

磷酸盐对大肠杆菌发酵异亮氨酸的影响

探究磷酸盐浓度对大肠杆菌E.coli TRFP发酵生产L-异亮氨酸的影响。利用30 L发酵罐进行分批补料发酵试验,考察磷酸盐浓度对E.coli TRFP发酵生产L-异亮氨酸过程中生物量、比生长速率、L-异亮氨酸产量、发酵液中乙酸及NH4＋浓度变化。结果表明,发酵初期维持低浓度磷酸盐（2 g/L KH2PO4）,后期补加2 g/LKH2PO4可有效减缓菌体衰退,最终使菌体生物量和异亮氨酸产量分别提高了24.5%和12.7%,且副产物乙酸含量明显降低。     

为公共利益而转移技术——加州大学技术转移的政策演进与组织运行分析

作为在技术转移方面成就卓著的公立研究型大学,加州大学从建校之初就将技术转移作为大学服务于公共利益的内在使命,并在长期的实践中发展出系统的知识产权政策,建立了结构完善、分工协调的技术转移机构,形成了集权与分权并存的运行机制.这套系统在高效转移和应用加州大学科研成果的同时,合理规避了公立大学在参与技术转移过程中潜在的政治、法律与财务风险.加州大学技术转移服务于公共利益的目标取向及其相应的制度安排,为我国公立研究型大学提供了重要启示.     

完善高校内部治理结构建设现代大学制度的思考与实践

建立完善现代大学制度,加快推进教育治理体系和治理能力现代化,是当前高等教育改革发展的重要任务.完善校内治理结构,是建设现代大学制度的核心内容.近年来,潍坊医学院围绕建设中国特色现代医科大学的奋斗目标,逐步完善内部治理结构,不断提高高校治理能力现代化水平,取得了较为显著的改革成效,促进了学校各项事业的科学发展.     

我国大学治理结构的滞后与重塑

大学治理结构基于行政权力、学术权力与市场权力的不同特点分为三种类型,这为我国大学目前存在滞后现象的外部治理结构与内部治理结构提供了有力的参考。重塑大学治理结构,需要明确大学治理目标,重构现代大学治理理念,注重大学治理结构变迁过程中市场作用,注重强制性变迁和诱致性变迁之间的适时转化。     

西方大学学生自治的嬗变及启示

本文通过梳理西方大学学生自治的发展及嬗变,发现学生自治与大学一样古老,19世纪美国大学生自治运动,起到了承上启下的作用,二战后世界各国大学生自治进行了重新建构.大学要树立服务学生的观念,大学生的智力发展和课外其它方面的发展都需要重视和尊重.     

“教授治学”途径探析——高校内部治理结构维度的思考

"教授治学"是中国特色现代大学制度的一个重要组成部分。"教授治学"旨在促进学术自由,完善大学治理结构,推动大学去行政化。在高校治理结构中,以"教授治学"为代表的学术权力应居于主导地位,是"教授治学"而非"教授治校",并要以学生为本位。应通过重塑大学精神,完善相关法律法规,加强组织与制度建设,拓展"教授治学"外延,来实现"教授治学"。     

动态战略适应视角下的学部制改革成效分析范式

动态战略适应视角是从大学战略管理中提出来,学部制改革作为大学内部治理结构中重要的战略选择,涉及高校内人、财、物多方面整合。基于动态战略适应理论的分析框架,即大学战略与大学所处的内外部环境、所拥有的资源以及大学内部组织之间的适应状态,提出学部制改革成效分析范式,即学部制改革的环境适应、资源适应及组织适应。     

美国一流大学教师在院校管理中的作用分析

美国一流大学都非常重视发挥教师在院校管理中的作用。文章简要回顾了美国一流大学教师在院校管理中所起作用的演变历史,阐述了以共同治理理念为基础的教师评议会制度的形成、发展和完善的过程,并分析了美国学术职业的工会化倾向对美国一流大学中教师在院校管理中所起作用的影响。     

Higher education and its communities: Interconnections, interdependencies and a research agenda

Universities everywhere are being forced to carefully reconsider their role in society and to evaluate the relationships with their various constituencies, stakeholders, and communities. In this article, stakeholder analysis is put forward as a tool to assist universities in classifying stakeholders and determining stakeholder salience. Increasingly universities are expected to assume a third mission and to engage in interactions with industrial and regional partners. While incentive schemes and government programmes try to encourage universities to reach out more to external communities, some important barriers to such linkages still remain. To fulfil their obligation towards being a socially accountable institution and to prevent mission overload, universities will have to carefully select their stakeholders and identify the ‘right’ degree of differentiation. For the university, thinking in terms of partnerships with key stakeholders has important implications for its governance and accountability arrangements. For the future of the universities we foresee a change towards networked governance and arrangements to ensure accountability along the lines of corporate social responsibility. In order to further explore some of these concepts and to empirically investigate the tendencies suggested here, this article proposes an ambitious research agenda for tackling the emerging issues of governance, stakeholder management and higher education’s interaction with society.