Effect of exercise and nasal splinting on static and dynamic measures of nasal airflow

The main aim of this study was to assess the separate and combined effects of exercise and nasal splinting on static and dynamic measures of nasal airflow. In a randomized crossover design, 12 healthy participants (6 men, 6 women) performed static and dynamic spirometric nasal airflow assessment tests, with or without nasal splinting (Breathe-Right?), before and after a maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) treadmill test. At least 7 days later, the V O 2max and nasal airflow tests were repeated. The results showed that the measured variables were not significantly different with and without nasal splinting. We conclude that the absence of significantly enhanced nasal patency observed for nasal splinting and after exercise suggest that these factors have a minimal impact on nasal airflow volume and rate.     

爬梯、跑台运动对小鼠骨骼肌中细胞凋亡调控基因的影响

目的观察爬梯与跑台两种不同运动方式对小鼠骨骼肌中细胞凋亡调控基因的影响。方法将实验小鼠分为安静对照组(YC)、爬梯运动组(YR)和跑台运动组(YE),采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法,分别对各组腓肠肌中凋亡调控基因(ARC、Bc l-2、Bax、HSP70、X IAP)及Caspase-3基因进行检测。结果 (1)与YC组相比,YR组ARC和HSP70 mRNA水平均显著上调(P<0.05),而Bax和Caspase-3 mRNA水平显著下调(P<0.05);(2)与YC组相比,YE组Bc l-2、HSP70和X IAP mRNA水平均显著上调(P<0.05),而ARC和Bax mRNA水平均显著下调(P<0.05)。结论爬梯和跑台运动均可干预凋亡调控基因而弱化骨骼肌细胞凋亡的潜能。     

The effects of training on performance and performance-related states in individual elite athletes: A dynamic approach

Abstract

There are difficulties undertaking controlled training studies with elite athletes. Thus, data from non-elite performers are often presented in scientific journals and subsequently used to guide general training principles. This information may not be transferable or specific enough to inform training practices in an individual elite athlete. However, the nature of athletic participation at elite levels provides the opportunity to collect training data, performance-related variables, and performance data of elite athletes over long periods. In this paper, we describe how dynamic linear models provide an opportunity to use these data to inform training. Data from an elite female triathlete collected over a 111-day training period were used to model the relationship between training and self-reported fatigue. The dynamic linear model analysis showed the independent effects of the three modes of triathlon training on fatigue, how these can change across time, and the possible influence of other unmeasured variables. This paper shows the potential for the use of dynamic linear models as an aid to planning training in elite athletes.     

Effects of allometric scaling and isokinetic testing methods on the relationship between countermovement jump and quadriceps torque and power

Abstract

Determination of the strongest possible relationship between isokinetic quadriceps and functional performance measurements in healthy females would allow sports medicine practitioners to establish normative values when examining muscular performance in injured females. Previous attempts to correlate both measurements have, however, produced inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of allometric scaling, isokinetic testing velocities, reciprocal and non-reciprocal isokinetic testing on the relationship between countermovement jump (CMJ) and isokinetic quadriceps torque and power in recreational females athletes. Seventeen females (age 21.0 ± 2.0 years, body mass index 19.5 ± 1.0 kg · m^?2) performed isokinetic quadriceps and CMJ tests. Isokinetic peak torque and average power were obtained reciprocally and non-reciprocally at 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s^?1, and were corrected for body mass by allometric modelling. Pearson product–moment correlation (r) was used to assess the relationship between the isokinetic parameters and the CMJ measurements. Coefficients of determination (r ²) were calculated to determine the magnitude of common variance. The r-values for all non-allometrically modelled non-reciprocal parameters were greater (r = 0.58–0.63) than isokinetic parameters obtained reciprocally (r = 0.28–0.47). Using allometric scaling, non-reciprocal isokinetic data accounted for an additional 2–9% of the CMJ height variance, and statistically significant correlations were obtained at both 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s^?1. Allometrically scaled, non-reciprocal isokinetic peak torque and average power at 1.05 rad · s^?1 had the highest correlation with CMJ (r ² = 0.49). At both 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s^?1, non-reciprocal quadriceps parameters correlated more closely with CMJ measurements than do reciprocal contractions. Normalization for body size by allometrically scaling may further improve correlations with CMJ performance.     

力竭性运动中肝脏线粒体电子漏对电子传递与质子转移偶联的影响

以SD大鼠递增负荷急性力竭跑台运动为疲劳模型,分别测定了运动后即刻肝脏线粒体:(1)超氧阴离子(O_2)生成及膜脂质过氧化水平;(2)呼吸链复合体Ⅰ Ⅲ和Ⅱ Ⅲ0电子传递与质子泵出比值(H~ /2e)。结果表明:线粒体电子漏(O_2)和膜脂质过氧化水平(MDA含量)显著增加(P<0.05);苹果酸及谷氨酸和琥珀酸两种呼吸底物启动的呼吸链复合体Ⅰ Ⅲ和Ⅱ Ⅲ的总H~ /2e分别降低18.63和15.89％(均 P<0.001)。研究提示,线粒体电子漏是运动性内源自由基的重要来源,而且线粒体电子传递—质子转移之间的偶联破坏与运动诱导线粒体电子漏生成增多有关。     

多模态功能训练对女大学生功能性踝关节不稳患者下肢肌力、本体感觉和动态平衡能力的影响

目的:探讨多模态功能训练对功能性踝关节不稳(Functional ankle instability,FAI)患者肌肉力量、本体感觉功能和动态平衡能力的影响。方法:45名FAI患者随机分为常规力量训练组(strengh training,ST组,n=22)和多模态功能训练组(multimodal function training,MFT组,n=23)。ST组常规力量训练,MFT组在常规力量力量训练的基础上增加本体感觉和姿势控制训练,康复训练共进行8周,2个训练周期。实验前后分别对2组实验对象患侧踝关节屈、伸、内翻和外翻肌群60°/s和180°/s等动向心收缩相对峰值力矩、本体感觉(踝关节屈、伸、内收和外翻运动感觉功能、腓骨肌反应时)和动态平衡能力(前方得分(A)、后内侧得分(PM)、后外侧得分(PL)和YBT-CS总得分)进行测试。结果:1)2组受试者患侧踝关节60°/s和180°/s等动向心踝关节肌群相对峰值力矩均显著大于实验前(P<0.05),且二者组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);2)实验后,ST组本体感觉功能没有显著性改变(P>0.05),MFI组本体感觉各项指标均显著小于实验前(P<0.005,P<0.01,P<0.05),且均显著低于ST组(P<0.05);3)试验后,2组受试者动态平衡各指标均优于实验前(P<0.05,P<0.01),且MFI动态平衡各项指标均优于ST组(P>0.05)。结论:MFT康复训练能够显著改善FAI患者肌力、本体感觉和动态平衡能力,且效果更优于ST组。