Supervisor Training: A Discrimination Model

The delivery of supervision skills to those who direct counselors through practicum is not well defined in the counseling literature. This article addresses that issue by presenting a model for identification and training of those skills, the roles in which the skills are demonstrated, and the types of choices or discriminations that are necessary to make in tutoring trainees through the counseling practicum. This model attempts to pair the training of supervisors with the training of counselors in a systematic fashion.     

Online Teaching and Self-Efficacy to Work With Suicidal Clients

We used an experimental design to evaluate the impact of three online teaching strategies on students' self-efficacy to work with suicidal clients. Results showed that the three strategies, informed by adult learning and social learning theory, were equally effective. Implications for programs preparing students for suicide intervention roles are discussed.     

“Interpersonal” Clients,Students, and Supervisees: Translating Robert Kegan

The counseling profession prides itself on its developmental focus. However, counselors, counselor educators, and supervisors have generally applied only phasic, and not stage, theories to counseling and supervision practice and have not incorporated developmental concepts into their teaching. This article continues the effort of rectifying this situation by explicating the relevance of R. Kegan's (1982, 1994) subject‐object theory for counseling, supervision, and counselor education. The author reviews Kegan's (1982, 1994) interpersonal and institutional stages and applies the theory to promoting development beyond the interpersonal stage in 3 case illustrations: a counseling case, a counselor educator's experience, and a supervision challenge.     

微贷客户经理工作绩效五维度结构模型之构建

随着微贷在创造就业机会、解决民生问题中日益发挥的重要作用,并为银行微贷客户经理的绩效评估和绩效管理工作提供正确依据,构建一套科学、合理的微贷客户经理工作绩效结构模型,就势在必行。本文在借鉴学界工作绩效模型的研究成果基础上,通过对股份制商业银行微贷客户经理工作绩效结构的深入思考,探索性地提出了符合其工作特殊性的微贷客户经理五维度工作绩效模型。     

A Preliminary Examination of Burnout Among Counselor Trainees Treating Clients With Recent Suicidal Ideation and Borderline Traits

Treating suicidal clients with borderline traits can be conducive to burnout. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) may assuage this burnout in counselors. As part of a DBT treatment outcome study, 6 counselors in training collected their own salivary cortisol samples and completed self‐report measures of burnout and well‐being for 1 year. Findings indicate a significant interaction for cortisol levels by treatment condition, such that DBT counselors experienced less physiological stress over time relative to a control group of counselors. There were no group differences in self‐reported burnout or well‐being. DBT may have a salutary effect on trainees' physiological stress levels over time.     

Clinical Supervision of International Supervisees: Suggestions for Multicultural Supervision

An increase of international students in various settings has been noted in a range of disciplines including counseling and other mental health professions. The author examined the literature on international counseling students related to their experiences in counseling training, particularly in supervision. From the counseling literature, five different themes were identified: (i) acculturation and cultural difference, (ii) language barriers, (iii) social isolation, (iv) cultural perceptions of the profession and transferability, and (v) multicultural discussions. In addition, a critical lens is provided to situate the literature through a holistic and ecological perspective.     

Relevant Training for Relevant Roles: A Model for Educating Inner-City Counselors

The inner-city counselor is expected to enter into his role with an understanding of his students and their culture, as well as with a knowledge of the processes of social change and his own potential contribution. Present programs of counselor education do not tend to provide the basis for development of these wide-ranging skills. It is suggested that counselor education should place potential counselors in public school settings working in teams with practicing counselors, providing relevant experience for future counselors and invigorating contacts for future supervisors. Course work would be inter-disciplinary and provided in the public school milieu.     

Understanding Clients and Their Environments: A Simulation

Counselors must be made fully aware of the impact of environmental and societal forces on their clients. Counselor education students need knowledge and skill to attend to the pressures and problems of minority groups. The simulation method described in this article encourages students to experience powerlessness, isolation, and few if any options in order to develop a clearer understanding of their clients and environments. The authors discuss applicability of the simulation beyond counselor education programs.     

导师学习共同体建设：一种专业的视角

围绕导师学习共同体的基本内涵、构成要素、理论基础、实践策略等核心问题,探讨了导师学习共同体的建设问题,旨在为导师队伍的建设提供一种思考路径.     

A Model of School Counseling Supervision: The Goals,Functions, Roles,and Systems Model

The authors outline the Goals, Functions, Roles, and Systems Model (GFRS), a school counseling—specific model for supervising school counselors‐in‐training (SCITs). The GFRS was created as a guide for assisting in supervising and preparing SCITs for the multifaceted tasks they will undertake in their internships and careers. The components of this model are described within the context of the systems influencing supervision of SCITs. The GFRS is detailed to illustrate how it meets the specific needs of school counseling supervision. Examples are included of the GFRS when applied in supervision.     

Suicide and Suicidal Behavior:

Suicidal behavior occurs in a variety of ways, ranging from dramatic action resulting in violent death to, at the other extremer, so-called "suicide gestures," i.e., suicide attempts which are historically "staged" so as to insure timely intervention and "rescue" by others. Counseling Center response to this wide range of suicidal behavior varies and needs to be tailored to the particular circumstances. In what follows, emphasis will be on "pastvention," that is, intervention after the suicidal event, but as will become evident, some of these remedial or therapeutic measures also have preventive, essentially educational benefits. Specific topics covered include: (1) Completed Suicides: Dealing With the Aftermath; (2) Indirect ("Accidental") Suicides; (3) Campus Intervention Following a Suicide; (4) Unsuccessful Suicide Attempts; (5) Administrative Referral for Evaluation of Suicide Risk; (6) Differential Diagnostic Considerations.     

高校导师评估体系模型的研究与构建

建立了导师评估体系和评估模型,设计并实现了导师信息管理系统。通过抽样评估导师信息管理系统采集到的数据,得出结果并进行了分析。该导师信息管理系统具有简洁实用的特点,该评估模型是客观、有效的,促进了学科的发展和导师素质的提高。     

Multiple Perspectives in Supervision: Using a Peer Consultation Model to Enhance Supervisor Development

Research and literature in the profession of counselor supervision primarily focus on the development of the trainee and what supervision and supervisors can do to help foster that development. Considerably less attention has been paid to the developmental path of the supervisor or how specific training or experiences in supervision can be used in intentional ways to help influence the development of the supervisor. This article reviews what is known about supervisor development and discusses a specific intervention, the use of a peer consultation model with an intentionally diverse group of supervisors, to enhance supervisor cognitive development.     

The Duty to Warn: A Potential Issue of Litigation for the Counseling Supervisor

At a time when the courts are increasingly called on to settle disputes, the mental health profession finds itself vulnerable to litigation under legal doctrines that were previously limited to the medical establishment. The possibility of being sued by a client is not limited to individual practitioners. Counseling supervisors and administrators in counseling centers are likely to be named co-defendents. This likelihood is reinforced by recent decisions that have held counselors, supervisors, counseling centers, and sponsoring institutions responsible for the public threat posed by clients. This article describes elementary principles of law involving supervisors and counselors and explores the ramifications of these doctrines in reference to “the duty to warn.” Suggestions for avoiding litigation are also offered.     

生命教育：从青少年自杀现象谈起

现实生活中自杀现象已呈低龄化趋势，青少年自杀现象一直呈上升趋势。面对这种现象，生命教育愈来愈成为人们关注的问题。文章试图从分析造成青少年自杀现象的原因开始，探讨生命教育的内涵和特点及其实施途径。     

国外认知取向的自杀心理学理论介绍及简评

对自杀的理解和干预,社会学、精神病学、流行病学、生物学等不同学科的学者都以各自的视角做出观察和解释,但欲全面理解自杀行为,心理学的视角是不可或缺的。国外自杀的心理学理论中认知取向的理论模型有Shneidman的自杀立方体、Beck的认知理论、Jobe的情感——认知模型、Rogers的存在主义——结构主义模型和Williams的痛苦的呼喊理论,学界应进一步深入研究自杀行为的心理特点和内部机制。     

Development of a Clinical Practice Model for Serving Clients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

There is a lack of systematic research on the training of clinicians toward providing counselling services and support to individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The aim of this qualitative project was twofold: (1) to develop and pilot a clinical consultation process that would address clinicians’ reported need for greater communication and information sharing in serving clients affected by FASD; and (2) to build a model of FASD-informed clinical counselling practice by examining this consultation process and by capturing the experiences of clinicians who were involved. Findings from focus groups and meeting minutes are reported with respect to the model’s focus on reflection, communication, and action.     

The Counselor's Role Communication Skills,or The Roles Counselors Play: A Conceptual Model

This article presents a two-dimensional conceptual model called the “Role Communication Skill Model,” which outlines a comprehensive approach to the issue of skill-oriented training.