Brief Therapy at a University Counseling Center: Working Alliance,Readiness to Change,and Symptom Severity

The authors investigated whether students receiving short–term individual counseling at a university counseling center showed progress as evidenced by perceived client and counselor outcomes and the roles that client readiness to change and working alliance played in this setting. The results indicated that the counselor reports, not the client reports, reflected statistically significant change in client symptoms. Changes in symptom severity were not associated with working alliance and readiness to change.     

Supervisor and Supervisee Attachments and Social Provisions Related to the Supervisory Working Alliance

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between supervisors' and supervisees' self‐reported ability to make healthy adult attachments in relationships, social provisions, and the perceptions of the supervisory working alliance. Data from 67 supervisee‐supervisor dyads indicated that supervisees' social provisions and ability to make healthy adult attachments did not predict supervisees' or supervisors' perceptions of the working alliance at a statistically significant level, but the supervisors' ability to make adult attachments was predictive of both the supervisees' and supervisors' perceptions of the supervisory working alliance. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

Discussion of Racial Difference in Counseling: A Counselor's Perspective

Fifty-three counselors at a university counseling center and a university practicum clinic were surveyed using the Working Alliance Inventory–Short Form to examine the effect of acknowledging and discussing racial differences between counselor and client on the working alliance formed during the counseling sessions. Based on the counselor's perspective, a significant relationship between counselor-client discussion of racial difference and the working alliance was found.     

Changes in parental depression symptoms during family preservation services

Objectives

Parental depression symptoms often change over the course of child welfare family preservation and parenting services. This raises the question of whether certain processes in family preservation services might be associated with depression symptom change. This study tests three correlational models of change among family preservation service participants: (a) changes in depression symptoms are one facet of broad general changes in wellbeing; (b) the quality of the home visitor-client relationship is associated depression symptom changes; and (c) linking parents to adjunctive services is associated with symptom changes.

Methods

Participants were 2,175 parents in family preservation services, largely for child neglect, who were surveyed using standard measures at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 6 month follow-up. Change patterns were evaluated using growth models, including bivariate parallel and multivariate second-order models.

Results

Parallel growth was noted among depression symptoms and changes in social, economic, familial, and parenting domains. A second order change model positing a global change pattern fit the data well. Working alliance had a modest association with improvement, but successful linkage to outside mental health services was not associated with improvement.

Conclusions

Changes in diverse indicators of wellbeing follow a global pattern which might support use of less complex rather than more fully comprehensive service plans. Findings about lack of adjunctive usual care mental health service benefit may be related to uncontrolled factors and this is a topic in need of additional study.     

Effect of individual career counseling on psychological distress: impact of career intervention components,working alliance,and career indecision

International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - This study examined the impact of intervention components, working alliance, and career indecision on the change in psychological...     

Therapeutic Alliance: A Concept for the Childbearing Season

This analysis was conducted to describe the concept of therapeutic alliance and its appropriateness for health-care provider-client interactions during the childbearing season. The concept has been defined in other disciplines. A universal definition suggested a merging of efforts directed toward health. A simple and concise definition evolved, which is applicable to the childbearing season as well as to health-care encounters across the life span. This definition states: Therapeutic alliance is a process within a health-care provider-client interaction that is initiated by an identified need for positive client health-care behaviors, whereby both parties work together toward this goal with consideration of the client''s current health status and developmental stage within the life span.     

The Relationship Between the Supervisory Working Alliance and Trainees' Experience of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity

In a study based on a sample of 123 counselor trainees in the United States, results indicated that a stronger supervisory working alliance was predictive of less trainee role conflict and ambiguity in supervision.     

Trait Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Supervisory Working Alliance of Counseling Trainees and Their Supervisors in Agency Settings

The present study investigated the relationships between supervisee and supervisor trait emotional intelligence (EI) levels and their perception of the supervisory working alliance. Data were collected from 64 supervisor-supervisee dyads among masters-level community counseling internship students and their site supervisors. Findings indicated that supervisees and supervisors with higher levels of trait EI tended to perceive the supervisory working alliance more positively. However, findings did not support the presence of an interaction effect between supervisee and supervisor trait EI on either supervisees’ or supervisors’ perceptions of the working alliance. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

Students' metacognition during an engineering design project

This study evaluated metacognitive changes of three groups of 160 engineering students working on 60 different design projects. Two metacognitive features, cognitive self‐appraisal and cognitive self‐management, were used to indicate students' metacognitive level. The Engineering Design Project Inventory was used to assess students' metacognition. Students were asked to complete the instrument at the early and final stages of the project. Statistical results revealed a significant change in mechanical engineering students' metacognition while engaged in the project. Eighteen themes of responses that described the influencing factors for the change in students' self‐appraisal and 23 themes of responses that described the influencing factors for their self‐management change were identified from two open‐ended questions.     

Auto-Instructional Methods in Great Britain

Great Britain has a very active Association for Programmed Learning, started in 1962. It arranges courses in programming, publishes research and other P.I. information, and organizes conferences. At the latest annual general meeting (March 31, 1967) Professor E. A. Peel (The University of Birmingham) was re-elected as President, and Dr. C. K. Rouse (Goldsmith's College) as Chairman. Among those labelled ‘Vice-Presidents’ (no less than a dozen individuals hold this glittering title) or ‘Council members’ are many persons well known internationally through their publications within the P.I. field, among others: Dr. J. Annett, Professor K. Austwick, Dr. J. Hartley, J. F. Leedham, G. O. M. Leith, Derek Rowntree and D. J. Unwin. Dr. J. Hartley serves as a Foreign Liaison Officer and would therefore be a natural contact for individuals from other countries. The association will extend its name to be somewhat more inclusive: ‘Association for Programmed Learning and Educational Technology’.     

Relational trauma in the context of intimate partner violence

The relational model of trauma (Scheeringa & Zeanah, 2001) proposes that infants’ trauma symptoms may be influenced by their mothers' trauma symptoms and disruptions in caregiving behavior, although the mechanisms by which this occurs are less well understood. In this research, we examined the direct and indirect effects of a traumatic event (maternal intimate partner violence [IPV]), maternal trauma symptoms, and impaired (harsh and neglectful) parenting on infant trauma symptoms in a sample of mother–infant dyads (N = 182) using structural equation modeling. Mothers completed questionnaires on IPV experienced during pregnancy and the child's first year of life, their past-month trauma symptoms, their child's past-month trauma symptoms, and their parenting behaviors. Results indicated that the effects of prenatal IPV on infant trauma symptoms were partially mediated by maternal trauma symptoms, and the relationship between maternal and infant trauma symptoms was fully mediated by neglectful parenting. Postnatal IPV did not affect maternal or infant trauma symptoms. Findings support the application of the relational model to IPV-exposed mother–infant dyads, with regard to IPV experienced during pregnancy, and help identify potential foci of intervention for professionals working with mothers and children.     

毛泽东统一战线思想的理论特色

毛泽东统一战线思想是马克思主义统一战线原理同中国革命与建设具体实践相结合的产物，完全符合中国的国情，体现出了鲜明的中国特色。其理论特色主要是：(一)坚持无产阶级和共产党对统一战线的领导权。(二)正确对待和处理统一战线中的两个联盟及其关系。(三)坚持原则性和灵活性的统一。(四)善于把握不同的历史阶段和社会政治形势的变化，根据不同时期形势发展的需要，及时调整统战对象，采取相应的统一战线的组织形式，确立相应的统一战线的任务。(五)始终将实事求是作为统战思想的基石。(六)充分重视和正确处理民族、宗教问题。     

The Influence of Supervisor Multicultural Competence on the Supervisory Working Alliance,Supervisee Counseling Self‐Efficacy,and Supervisee Satisfaction With Supervision: A Mediation Model

We developed and tested a mediation model depicting relationships among supervisor multicultural competence, the supervisory working alliance, supervisee counseling self‐efficacy, and supervisee satisfaction with supervision. Results of structural equation modeling showed that supervisor multicultural competence was related to the supervisory working alliance and that alliance, in turn, was related to supervisee satisfaction with supervision.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article: Activating participation: parents and teachers working towards partnership : G. Crozier & D. Reay (Eds) Making sense of children's drawing : Angela Anning & Kathy Ring Issues in Holocaust education : G. Short & C. A. Reed Rethinking religious education and plurality: issues in diversity and pedagogy : Robert Jackson Curriculum studies in post‐compulsory and adult education: a teacher's and student teacher's guide : Mary Neary Succeeding in diversity: culture, language and learning in primary classrooms : J. Conteh     

Working alliance as a mediator and moderator between expectations for counseling success and counseling outcome among Korean clients

The study examined client’s perceptions of working alliance as a mediator and moderator between client expectations of counseling success and counseling outcome. Participants were 284 adult clients in counseling in university or community counseling centers or private practices in South Korea. Level of functioning at the start of counseling was used to control for counseling outcome. Results of structural equation modeling analyses indicated that working alliance fully mediated the relationship between client expectations of counseling success and counseling outcome. In addition, moderation of counseling expectations by working alliance on counseling outcome was supported. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Clients' Expectations About Counseling and Perceptions of the Working Alliance

Abstract

We examined the relations between clients' expectations about counseling and their ratings of working alliance dimensions. Thirty-seven clients seeking individual counseling at university-based counseling facilities completed the Expectations About Counseling-Brief form (EAC-B) prior to their first counseling session and the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) after their third session. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that clients' expectations for personal commitment were positively related to their WAI ratings for agreement on tasks and agreement on goals. Expectations for counselor expertise were inversely related to client WAI ratings for agreement on tasks. No significant relations were found for expectations for facilitative conditions or for WAI bond ratings. Implications for counseling and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

Parents with intellectual disabilities seeking professional parenting support: The role of working alliance,stress and informal support

Delaying or refraining from seeking advice and support in difficult parenting situations is identified as an important risk factor for child abuse and neglect. This study tested whether the extent of delays in support seeking is associated with working alliance for parents with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) and whether the importance of working alliance may depend on parenting stress and availability of informal support. Delays in support seeking were measured as parental latency (time waited) to approach the support worker. This latency was assessed in the intended response to hypothetical situations (vignettes) and in the reported behavioral response to real life difficult parenting situations from the preceding weeks. Multiple regression analyses were conducted for testing main and interaction effects of predictors on latency for support seeking. Better quality of the working alliance was associated with shorter intended latency to seek support for parents with MID, if parents had little access to informal support. Higher parenting stress predicted a shorter latency for intended support seeking. Parental support seeking intentions were positively associated with support seeking behavior. A good quality of the working alliance might be important to connect needs of parents with MID to resources that professional support can offer, in particular for the most vulnerable parents. Parental reluctance to seek professional support may be the result of a combination of risk and protective factors and is not always a sign of poor working alliance. Implications for risk assessment and support practice are discussed.     

企业组织形式发展新趋势:战略联盟

战略联盟是指两个或两个以上企业为了实现资源共享、风险或成本共担、优势互补等特定战略目标,建立较为稳固的合作伙伴关系,它正成为企业组织形式发展的趋势。战略联盟得以迅速发展,有外因,内因。它在发展中呈现4种趋势:(1)从产品联盟发展为以技术合作为主要内容的知识联盟;(2)从强弱联合的互补型联盟发展为强强合作的竞争型联盟;(3)从线性的联盟链发展为立体的联盟网络;(4)从"硬约束"的实体联盟发展为"软约束"的虚拟联盟。     

Strain-dependent sexual dimorphism in the extinction of conditioned taste aversion in mice

Sucrose aversions were induced by lithium chloride toxicosis in 9-week-old male and female mice of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains. Under conditions of ad-lib access to fluids which required a long interval between the sucrose and toxicosis, the conditioned aversions were relatively weak when compared with the sucrose consumption of saline-injected controls. The aversions extinguished rapidly within all groups. Contrary to earlier reports in rats, no sexual dimorphism in extinction rate was observed in this paradigm. When a fluid-deprivation schedule was implemented in the conditioning procedure to shorten the interval between taste experience and toxicosis, strong aversions were noted; yet relatively fast extinction under ad-lib conditions occurred in all groups except male DBA/2J mice. No sexual dimorphism was observed in mice of the C57BL/6J genotype, even when two pairings between sucrose and toxicosis were administered.     

关于建立全国民办高校战略联盟的若干思考

在高等教育大众化不断深化的形势下,高校战略联盟的产生和运作具有重要意义.在我国高等教育体系中组建民办高校战略联盟不仅非常必要,而且具有可行性.建设和完善民办高校战略联盟,一要增强认识,转变观念,形成共识,提高建立民办高校战略联盟的自觉性和主动性.二要引导、鼓励和参与差异性较多、互补性较强的高校之间缔结战略联盟.三要保持...