《宪法学》理论体系的重构——以《宪法学》教学为视角

中国学者就宪法学理论体系提出的诸多观点实际上都是在现代性的视角之下展开的,但对作为理论基础的现代性本身却没有进行相应的说明。从现代性视角来看,古代宪法向现代宪法的转变表现为宪法基础从客观的自然法向人为的社会契约论的转变。《宪法学》理论体系的重构,应当奠定在社会契约论的基础上。人民以社会契约为基础。通过权利让渡组建现代民族国家,从而确立公民与国家间的宪法法律关系。这种宪政体制是限制国家权力与保护公民权利的平衡性法律机制。     

霍布斯与卢梭社会契约思想的博弈论解析

社会契约思想在关于国家构建的政治哲学思想中有着重要地位,其中以霍布斯及卢梭的社会契约论思想最为突出。霍布斯在其著作《利维坦》中系统地阐述了由人性到社会契约到国家诞生的推论过程,并自诩为政治科学;而卢梭在其代表作似会契约论》中则运用社会契约思想说明了构建主权国家的必要性以及如何构建等诸多问题。本文运用博弈论的方法分析霍布斯与卢梭社会契约思想的逻辑过程,推导其隐含的假设以及一些不足之处．最后得出也许更为合理的对国家构建诸多变量间关系的解释。     

高校学生契约管理的涵义、特性及其创建

现代社会是一个契约化的社会,一切社会关系都可以由契约关系来概括,社会的一切关系都具有契约关系的属性,契约的属性本身就存在于高校学生管理工作之中。在高校学生管理中,强化契约意识,将契约理念引入学生管理,促进依法治校进程,体现了以人为本的价值追求,是对学生教育管理制度的创新与发展。     

论坚持和发扬奉献精神的制度载体

奉献精神是永需传承的精神财富。新的历史时期,坚持和发扬奉献精神需要正确处理奉献精神与满足利益需求的关系。在制度建设上,要用契约关系明确个人、集体、国家的利益边界,构建单位利益共同体,使市场经济沿着有利于整个社会和全体人民利益的方向发展,并保证广大人民群众都能平等地分享改革成果。     

中国传统社会契约与秩序之间的关系

中国传统社会契约有其独特性。笔者通过对传统契约概念的考察,揭示了传统契约兼有身份性和合意性的二重性结构,并进一步指出契约与国家法的关系及官方对待民间契约的态度。最后,笔者分析了中国传统社会语境下契约与社会秩序之间的关系,提出中国传统社会的秩序结构是由纵向上的身份社会和横向上的契约社会两个维度共同组成的。     

古典社会契约论的现代性剖析

任何哲学都是属于它那个时代的,但任何哲学都无不深刻地影响着以后的时代。现代性的标志之一就是人的关系从身份走向契约,社会契约论与现代世界有许多契合点。从现代性的角度看,所有社会契约思想具有两个共同特征：个人主义和主体间性意志主义。这使得社会契约论既为现代性的制度构建奠定了基础,又为批判精神的产生准备了条件。从现代性的视角也可以阐释近代社会契约论展开的逻辑起点、推演思路和基本理论观点。这些可能就是社会契约论思想在当代兴起的缘由所在。     

主权制度的历史考察及其未来重构

国家主权是一个为学术界争论不休的话题。本文认为,只有从制度的视角考察主权在历史发展过程中的变迁,才能把握主权制度的未来走向。在此视野中考察国家主权,则发现国家主权不过是主权制度在近现代国家框架中的一个制度要件。随着全球化和社会基础的变化,主权制度的重构成为历史发展的大势所趋。本文得出结论:主权制度的未来重构取决于国家主权与人民主权、国家之间共享主权、国家主权与市场经济自主权、国家主权与公民社会自主权、国家主权与次国家机构的自主权等关系的互动过程,其结果构成了未来主权制度的基本轮廓。     

“自然状态”的比较——古典契约论“自然状态”与“无知之幕”

在社会契约论中"原初状态"的假设上,适今为止,出现过两种不同的社会契约理论:一个是以洛克、霍布斯为代表的古典社会契约论;另一个是以罗尔斯为代表的新社会契约论.古典契约论与罗氏契约论有一定的差距.从"原初状态"比较两者差异,能更好地认识国家权力和人民权利之间的关系.     

从身份社会向契约社会的转化及社会条件

从身份社会向契约社会转化是中国现代法制社会形成的本质规定，契约社会必然和法制社会相联系。创造适应契约关系生长的经济环境、政治环境和思想观念环境，是推动契约社会实现的重要条件。     

论契约精神在高校物业服务外包管理中的应用

正一、契约、契约精神及契约管理契约是合作双方在协商和自愿的基础上为了实现彼此合作的目的,对双方各自权利义务的明确表达以期共同遵守。在社会生活中,契约无处不在,既可以表现为书面形式的合同方式,也可以是非书面形式的口头表达和确认。在现代社会中,契约内容一般不得违反法律规定和道德习俗。在外包服务中,契约是外包关系的重要组成部分,提供了对外包关系的有效治理,并能在外包的绩效低于满意度时结束外包关系。~([1])契约通过正式的规则和程序规定了交易双方的权利、义     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…