手语翻译与聋人文化

聋校课堂和媒体中出现的手语翻译多是对汉语的翻译,即使用的是文法手语,而现实的情况却是大多数的聋人对手语翻译的信息接收不畅。文章旨在论述手语翻译与聋人文化的关系,认为手语翻译是手语和汉语之间的信息转换,是两种文化的交流与碰撞。     

Living Language for Deaf Pupils

Dr Donald Wollman, director, and Joan Hickmott, Schools Council Project—Language Development for Deaf Pupils, Sussex University, describe the project materials and their application in the classroom     

第二语言习得理论与聋人汉语教学

部分聋人具有将汉语作为第二语言习得的特点.第二语言习得的相关研究对聋人大学生汉语教学有较大启示.从第一语言和第二语言关系、阅读和写作等方面,探讨第二语言习得理论、理念、教学方法及其对聋人大学生汉语教学的启发.总结实践中的一些做法.     

聋儿语训初探

在聋哑儿童语言康复训练过程中,笔者从环境训练、听觉训练、发音训练等几个方面进行了大胆而有意义的尝试和探索。本文对其进行详尽的介绍。     

从聋校学生的书面语谈其语言能力与教育对策

聋校学生 (以下简称“聋生”)有口语、书面语、手势语、手指语四种语言形式 ,书面语是聋生语言能力投射的平台。该文立足于聋生书面语掌握情况的基本分析 ,试图从各种语言形式及相关关系出发对其中呈现的问题进行论述 ,以了解聋生的整体语言能力。最终的目的是提出一些有利于聋生语言能力发展的改进措施 ,以便最大限度地发挥教育的功用。     

创设语言环境 提高聋生书面语表达能力

培养聋生的书面语表达能力是聋校语文教学的重要任务之一。本文通过创设优良的语言环境对形成和发展聋生语言的重要性的探讨 ,分析聋生在学习和使用语言过程中常见的错误 ,提出了创设良好的语言环境 ,提高聋生书面语表达能力的具体做法。建议学校、家庭、社会共同创设多方面的、立体的、良好的语言环境 ,以适应聋生语言发展的需要 ,从而提高聋生的书面语表达能力     

Deaf education and bridging social capital: a theoretical approach

The authors use elements of social capital theory to explore the rapidly changing landscape of deaf education in America. They suggest that the formation of relationships, and networks of relationships, between deaf students and adults has a value that often goes undetected or underappreciated in deaf education. The authors point out that social capital theory, as applied to deaf education, generates a number of potentially productive areas for improving outcomes among deaf students, and for future research in the field. The article includes discussion of a number of positive steps to promote bridging social capital among deaf students.     

聋听人语言比较及对策研究

比较聋人和听人的语言形式的异同以及相互之间的关系,提出聋教育的根本性任务,即在聋人手语的基础上,逐步形成将聋人手语直接转换成听人书面语的能力,培养、发展和提高聋人学习、理解、运用听人书面语的能力,为更好的回归主流社会打下基础。     

聋生自然手语的研究与思考

本文从聋生自然手语与文法手语的关系入手,从与《中国手语》不同的自然手语、聋生自创的《中国手语》中没有的自然手语及表示短语和句子的自然手语等方面,通过对一些常用词语及短语、句子的比较与分析,初步探究学生自然手语的特点和规律,并由此得到一些启示与思考。     

The Profile of Multiple Language Proficiencies: A Measure for Evaluating Language Samples of Deaf Children

This article reports the process of creating a developmental measure that assesses the multilingual capabilities of deaf children and the problems that were encountered. Because deaf children may be using more than one method of communication (e.g., sign language skills and spoken language skills), it is important to evaluate their skills as completely as possible. In a pilot study, we used a nominal scale that assessed language skills based on a single continuum, with good English and good American Sign Language (ASL) skills as its two extremes and approximately equal skills in both as the midpoint. In the main study, a more complete measure was created, the Profile of Multiple Language Proficiencies (PMLP). The PMLP uses a single scale that represents the different stages of language development that can be observed in both English and ASL. The PMLP showed reasonable initial reliability and has good promise as an easy-to-use measure of developing language skills in children who use multiple modalities of communication. Using the PMLP as a prototype, we discuss some of the issues that influence the reliability and validity in evaluating such a scale and how these can be overcome or avoided.     

论不同语言形式在聋人教育中的地位及相互关系

手语、口语、书面语在聋人教育中都是重要的.单一的语言教学形式不利于全面培养聋哑学生的语言能力.从聋生掌握知识和社会交往角度来看,三种语言形式各有长处也各有不足.     

关于聋生书面语技能的培养及训练

聋生汉语书面语学习是一个重要的讨论话题 ,本文从聋生生理、心理及教育研究的特点出发 ,对聋生汉语尤其书面语学习的现状进行了分析 ,并从思维发展角度、书面语氛围的营造及语文教学活动等方面对聋生书面语的阅读及表达 ,提出了一系列培养、训练的方法。     

聋人书面语学习困难的研究

为了了解聋人学习书面语的困难,研究使用资料检索和语料分析的方法,通过对手语和汉语书面语材料的对应研究,对“母语”、“第二语言”和“外语”概念的研究,对“过渡语”、“洋泾浜”和“克里奥尔语”概念的分析,发现手语和书面语在语言的载体、词汇语法、思维方式上存在着诸多的差异;聋人书面语的学习在语言环境、语言输入、语言迁移上存在比第二语言学习者更多的困难;聋人在书面语学习中出现的偏误是第二语言学习中的普遍现象,是一种有积极意义的过渡语;结论是要宽待聋人学习书面语中出现的偏误,要加强从语法的角度对手语和汉语书面语差异的研究。     

重视聋生的数学语言训练

教师在课堂教学中要特别重视对聋生进行数学语言的训练．在教聋生数学知识的同时教聋生数学语言,否则会严重影响聋童对数学知识理解、运算能力的形成,以及运用数学知识解决实际问题的能力。[第一段]     

对《中国手语》修订意见的调查报告

《中国手语》出版已有十来年 ,为适应时代的发展和聋人的需要 ,需进行修订。在修订过程中 ,尚存在一些有争议的问题。因此 ,就对《中国手语》总体看法、修订意见 ,以及对一些有争议手语的具体修改等问题 ,在北京市部分聋人和聋校教师中进行了调查。由调查结果表明 :《中国手语》在修订过程中 ,除了应对许多手语进行具体的修改之外 ,还应当增加词汇量、增加词条的英文、合并首续集、增加手语国歌及地方手语。     

一种有效的聋人语言与思维形成的方法——格式化语言教学方法

本文应用内部语言与外部语言的概念解释了聋人语言文字表述的倒序现象以及正常思维逻辑的关系,提出了开展专业语言教学建议,并介绍了格式化语言教学方法与具体实施方案.     

构建学前语言系统促进聋童语言学习

聋童在语言学习方面所表现出的接受困难、理解片面、表达混乱的问题是目前聋教育领域普遍存在着的问题,这一问题不仅严重影响着聋童语言学习的纵深发展,而且制约了聋童在其它方面的学习。本文分析了造成聋童语言学习现状的根源,认为建立聋童学前语言系统能从根本上解决聋童的语言学习问题,并阐述了如何建立聋童学前汉语语言系统以及所面临的问题。     

多元化——聋校教学语言选择的必然趋向

教学语言选择问题向来是聋教育界争论不休的焦点话题.目前在聋校教学语言理论领域存在着口语教学法、手语教学法、全面交流法、双语教学法等多家流派的争鸣格局,聋校教学语言选择最终何去何从?笔者认为各种教学语言都各有一定的优势和不足.多元化必然是聋校教学语言发展的趋势所在.在一定意义上说,这也是聋教育理念上的一种倡导,是聋教育发展的一种必然趋势.     

Language skill and interactive patterns in prematurely born toddlers

Developmental outcomes among preterm infants are highly variable. Research has shown that a potent factor in predicting outcome is some quality of the interactions between infants and caregivers. This study explores specific aspects of interaction that may, in part, account for its remedial influence on development. Videotaped interactions between 20 prematurely born toddlers and their mothers were described within a framework having theoretical relevance for language learning--dyadic joint attention to features of the environment. 3 major results are reported. First, the children could be divided into 2 linguistic groups. Children in the Hi group used word combinations productively and talked about relations between objects and events. Children in the Lo language group produced few word combinations and were limited in the relations they talked about. Second, the Lo language pairs did not share common topics as frequently as the Hi pairs. Finally, we found that no single style was used by Lo language dyads in breaking joint attention. Instead, this group was characterized by a broad range of interactive styles. These results are discussed in terms of the facilitating effect interaction may have for the acquisition of language. The findings underscore the need to recognize that poor outcomes can be brought about in many different ways, and that neither single outcomes nor unitary causes for poor outcomes should be expected in preterm populations.