行为科学—现代管理科学的新发展

一、行为科学的定义及研究的对象 我国著名科学家钱学森教授1985年4月在全国首届交叉科学学术讨论会上,把现代科学按门类划分为九个学科部门,即:自然科学、社会科学、数学科学、系统科学、思维科学、人体科学、军事科学、文艺理论和行为科学。这里所说的行为科学是广义的,其定义用美国《管理百科全书》的话说,应为《行为科学是适用自然科学的实验和观察方法,研究在自然和社会环境中的人的行为(包括低级动物的行为)的一切科学;已经确     

略谈行为科学在教育管理中的应用

行为科学是一门社会科学和自然科学相互交叉生长的边缘科学,是研究人的行为规律,以及如何正确处理人际关系,激发人的积极性,调动人的积极性、主动性和创造性的科学。行为科学是综合了许多经过实践检验的科学理论知识而形成的一门新的理论体系。尽管它是适应资本主义经济和社会发展而产生的,在理论体系上还不成熟,不完整,但     

现代教育管理呼唤学校行为科学课程

学校行为科学是在行为科学基础上产生的,因此学校行为科学的理论框架和内容体系都与行为科学有着质的联系。所谓学校行为科学是心理学、社会心理学、人类学以及一切与研究行为有关的学科组成的学群,它研究学校师生个体和群体的行为规律,借以控制并预策其个体和群体的行为,从而进行行为激励和改造,以便最大限度调动师生的积极性和主动性,进而激发潜能,为实现学校的育人目标服务。笔者在长期从事行为科学的教学中,将行为科学     

以色列开放大学

以色列开放大学李亚婉编译以色列开放大学是一所远距离学习的大学。１９７４年，经以色列教育部批准建成，１９７６年正式开课，目前已招收学员约２０万人。以色列开放大学可提供包括生命科学、自然科学、数学、电脑科学、社会科学、管理学、犹太语研究、教育学、人文学、...     

社会科学的方法与港台历史学

运用社会科学的理论方法研究历史,不断推动历史学的社会科学化,这是二十世纪中叶以来全球性的史学发展大趋势。港台史学界在五十年代末开始出现这一动向,到七十年代初,这一史学思潮占据了港台史坛的主导地位。在社会科学家和历史学家不断推动历史学社会科学化的进程中,他们大量援引社会科学、行为科学的理论、范畴,以构建比较复杂的中程史     

医学教育中的人文关怀

21世纪对医务工作者的要求是:不仅具有促进健康、防治疾病的专业知识,更需掌握社会科学和行为科学等综合知识。所以,在医学教育中要特别注重人文教育的渗透,要着力提高医学教师的人文素质,更要为学生提供细微的人文关怀。     

思想政治工作方法探讨

思想政治工作是建立在社会科学理论基础上，广泛地吸收和运用自然科学、管理科学、行为科学、逻辑学等多种科学的优化组合。它的主要工作方法有：平等法、游刃有余法、超常信任法、知识启迪法、角色转换法、宽容法、掩过法、肚痛治眼法等。     

建立教育行为学刍议

当代教育科学和行为科学都得到长足发展,二者的相互交叉、渗透日趋频繁和深入。一门新的交叉学科——教育行为学的建立已初显端倪。它的建立是行为科学广泛深入各应用领域的产物,也是教育科学的理论和实     

教师行为浅析

行为科学是现代管理科学中一门热门学科。它以研究人类和动物行为规律为对象,其核心是研究对人的管理。教育过程中出现的许多行为,如:学校组织领导,教职工的工作动机和热情,校风的形成,教师的威信的形成等都可结合行为科学加以分析指导。本文拟结合自己教学实践,用行为科学分析教师的个体行为,及其对师生关系的影响。     

公民地理素养的层次构成与提升途径

一、地理科学的学科性质地理学是一门研究地球表层自然要素与人文要素相互作用与关系及其时空规律的科学。我国科学家钱学森认为地理学应与自然科学、社会科学、数学科学、建筑科学、军事科学、人体科学、思维科学、行为科学、系统科学和美学并列,是一大科学体系,称为“地理科学”,并将其分为基础理论（基础科学）、     

试论品牌代言人策略与名人广告的区别--品牌代言人基本概念的澄清

品牌代言人策略开始受到企业的重视，但错误观念可能对其运用和研究产生负面影响。因此，必须澄清品牌代言人基本概念，包括品牌代言人的概念、类型和作用，从而正确认识品牌代言人策略与名人广告在外在形式、指导思想、实际效果、企业运作等方面存在的巨大差异，即：名人广告只是一种广告表现形式；而品牌代言人战略则是关系品牌建设的战略决策内容。     

Exploring English and Spanish rhyme awareness and beginning sound segmentation skills in prekindergarten Spanish-speaking English Learners

Twenty-five 4- and 5-year-old Spanish-speaking English Learners (ELs) were tested in order to compare their English and Spanish performance in two phonological awareness skills: Rhyme awareness (RA) and beginning sound segmentation (BSS). The children had received formal instruction of phonological awareness, with an emphasis on RA and BSS for 1 year and in English only, using the Opening the World of Learning curriculum (Schickedanz & Dickinson, 2005). The results showed that the children scored higher on the English BSS than on the English RA tests (p < .001), even though RA is generally considered to be an earlier developing skill than BSS among English-monolingual children. No significant difference was found between the English BSS and Spanish BSS tests despite the fact that the children had received English-only instruction in these phonological awareness skills for 1 year. The results are discussed in terms of the possible impact of the similarities and differences between the Spanish and English linguistic structures on the learning and cross-linguistic transfer of phonological awareness skills in young Spanish-speaking ELs.     

两种进化算法在BSS中的应用比较

介绍了两种分别引人遗传算法和免疫算法的盲源分离方法．通过仿真比较试验表明,两种算法对混叠信号的分离都有效,但基于免疫算法的分离效果都优于基于遗传算法的分离结果．     

Self-blame tendency of bullied victims in elementary and secondary schools

The current scales for self-blame are not suitable for school bullying scenarios and most lack validity. This study used a self-developed scale to measure bullied victims’ tendency to self-blame and further examined whether victims and bully/victims exhibited different tendencies toward self-blame under both bullied and generalized scenarios. The study consisted of 1,320 student participants from grades five to nine. The research instrument was a self-constructed bullied-victim self-blame scale (BSS), and the results were analyzed using the Rasch rating scale model. The Rasch results showed strong evidence of BSS reliability and validity. The results indicated that participants’ self-blaming tendency scores were positively correlated with depression (r = .31). In addition, participants’ self-blaming scores in relational bullying were higher than those in verbal and physical bullying. The self-blaming tendency of bully/victims under bullied scenarios was higher than that of victims, but no difference was found between bully/victims and victims for generalised scenarios. The participants’ tendency to self-blame under generalised scenarios was significantly higher than under bullied scenarios. The tendencies of various roles to self-blame under different scenarios and the self-blaming counselling strategies for victims are discussed at the end of this study.     

Satisfactory clinical outcome following delayed repositioning of a traumatic post-LASIK flap with dislocation and shrinkage managed by irrigation,stretching, and debridement

Objective

To report surgical management and favorable outcome in a case with delayed repair of traumatic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap dislocation with shrinkage and folds.

Methods

A 30-year-old man with a five-year history of bilateral LASIK experienced blunt trauma to his right eye followed by decreased vision for 5 weeks. The surgical management included initially softening the flap by irrigation with balanced salt solution (BSS). The shrinkage folds were carefully and gently stretched by scraping with a 26-gauge cannula accompanied by BSS irrigation. All of the epithelial ingrowth on the flap inner surface and on the bed was thoroughly debrided by scraping and irrigation. After the flap was repositioned to match its original margin, a soft bandage contact lens was placed.

Results

At his initial visit, slit-lamp microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed shrinkage of the LASIK flap with an elevated margin approximately 3 mm above the original position. The flap covered half of the pupil and had multiple horizontal folds. Two months after surgery, the flap remained well positioned with only faint streaks in the anterior stroma. The uncorrected visual acuity of the right eye was 20/20 with a manifest refraction of Plano.

Conclusions

For delayed repair of traumatically dislocated LASIK flaps, sufficient softening by BSS, stretching the shrinkage folds, and thorough debridement of ingrowth epithelium enable resetting the flap and provide satisfactory results.

     

Blind separation of speech signals based on wavelet transform and independent component analysis

Speech signals in frequency domain were separated based on discrete wavelet transform （DWT） and inde- pendent component analysis （ICA）. First, mixed speech signals were decomposed into different frequency domains by DWT and the subbands of speech signals were separated using ICA in each wavelet domain; then, the permutation and scaling problems of frequency domain blind source separation （BSS） were solved by utilizing the correlation between adjacent bins in speech signals; at last, source signals were reconstructed from single branches. Experiments were car- ried out with 2 sources and 6 microphones using speech signals at sampling rate of 40 kHz. The microphones were aligned with 2 sources in front of them, on the left and right. The separation of one male and one female speeches lasted 2.5 s. It is proved that the new method is better than single ICA method and the signal to noise ratio is improved by 1 dB approximately.     

独立分量分析在胎儿心电提取中的应用

胎儿心电(Fetal Electrocardiogram,FECG)是通过安置在母体腹部表面电极间接检测到的微弱信号,其中含有各种形式的干扰信号,如何将胎儿心电从强背景干扰中分离出来,具有重要的临床应用价值。独立成分分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)是近年发展起来的一种新的盲源分离技术(Blind source separation,BSS)。本文将ICA方法应用于胎儿心电信号的提取,并对胎儿心电的在线提取进行了研究,取得了较好的胎儿心电分离效果。     

PWLAN中实现有效管理的MAC层隔离方法

分析了在公共无线局域网(PWLAN)系统中为实现对用户统一有效管理而要求应用的二层隔离技术, 同时提出通过在无线接入点(AP)的媒体接入控制(MAC)层中定义一个隔离参量dot11Isolation, 并修改MAC层协议中Distribution-Service模块的运行状态图以实现二层隔离的一种方法. 同时, 介绍了一个基于MPC860处理器并以嵌入式Linux操作系统为平台来实现二层隔离功能的WLAN AP设备实现方案. 仿真结果表明, 本文提出的二层隔离实现方法是有效可行的.     

BSS algorithm for dependent signals using Cook s nonGaussianity measure

Based on the generalization of the central limit theorem(CLT) to special dependent variables, this paper shows that maximization of the nonGaussianity(NG) measure can separate the statistically dependent source signals, and the novel NG measure is given by Cook‘s Euclidean distance using the Chebyshev-Hermite series expansion. Then, a novel blind source separation (BSS) algorithm for linear mixed signals is proposed using Cook‘s NG measure, which makes it possible to separate statistically dependent source ...     

A blind source separation algorithm based on negentropy and signal noise ratio

A novel blind source separation (BSS) algorithm based on the combination of negentropy and signal noise ratio (SNR) is presented to solve the deficiency of the traditional independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm after the introduction of the principle and algorithm of ICA. The main formulas in the novel algorithm are elaborated and the idiographic steps of the algorithm are given. Then the computer simulation is used to test the performance of this algorithm. Both the traditional FastICA algorithm and the novel ICA algorithm are applied to separate mixed signal data. Experiment results show the novel method has a better performance in separating signals than the traditional FastICA algorithm based on negentropy. The novel algorithm could estimate the source signals from the mixed signals more precisely.