浅论残疾儿童随班就读课程

浅论残疾儿童随班就读课程杨春增为了提高残疾儿童随班就读的实效，对残疾儿童随班就读课程的制约因素，课程设置的原则和课程类型等方面的研究是摆在广大特教理论工作者和实际工作者面前亟待解决的问题，本文对此进行探讨。一、残疾儿童随班就读课程的对象残疾儿童随班就...     

河北省残疾儿童随班就读的现状分析及对策

本文以问卷形式调查了河北省残疾儿童随班就读的基本状况,探讨了普通学校领导、教师以及残疾儿童家长对残疾儿童随班就读的态度和认识.结果表明绝大多数普通学校的领导和教师对残疾儿童的随班就读态度消极;家长对孩子的随班就读也普遍心存疑虑.在分析其原因的基础上提出了构建残疾儿童随班就读支持保障体系的设想,以促使残疾儿童随班就读的进一步发展.     

我国残疾儿童随班就读的影响因素研究北大核心CSSCI

扩大普通学校随班就读规模,是《特殊教育提升计划（2014-2016年）》提出的重要方略。为了探究此方略实施的必要前提,基于中国残联对我国6～17岁残疾儿童的最新监测数据进行分析,结果表明：残疾儿童随班就读的比例随学段升高而逐级锐减;影响残疾儿童随班就读的重要因素包括其性别、年龄、民族等人口特征指标;残疾儿童的网络信息能力、家庭文教年支出、所在生活地区、监护人的受教育水平也显著影响其随班就读;社会保障因素以及康复对于随班就读影响作用显著：社区的法律知识宣传和领取残疾证亦影响随班就读。应综合考虑上述因素,促进我国残疾儿童随班就读、走向融合。     

山东省随班就读工作的调研报告

一、调研背景与概况 教育部于2003年印发了<关于开展残疾儿童随班就读工作支持保障体系实验县(市、区)工作的通知>,山东省的平度市、昌乐县和济南市中区、淄博临淄区作为国家级实验县开展了为期一年的实验工作.为了在全省推广实验县的工作经验,构建符合山东省情的随班就读支持保障体系.山东省教育厅于2005年底召开"全省残疾儿童随班就读支持保障体系建设工作现场经验交流会".行文公布了实验县之外的17个县(市、区)为省级随班就读工作重点联系县.并宣布成立了"山东省残疾儿童随班就读工作指导小组".     

建立健全教育质量保障体系,促进残疾儿童教育过程公平——七论残疾儿童教育公平

为促进我国残疾儿童教育过程公平,针对我国残疾儿童教育现状,作者建议通过提高残疾儿童随班就读质量;加强特殊教育学校的建设和管理,增强特殊学校的办学特色;健全残疾儿童教育管理体制,建立残疾儿童教育的社会支持保障体系;加大特殊教育师资培养和培训力度,提高特殊教育师资质量等具体措施,建立健全适合残疾儿童身心发展的教育质量保障体系。     

北京市残疾儿童、少年随班就读调查报告

大力开展残疾儿童少年随班就读是普及残疾儿童义务教育的需要。它既符合国情，是发展残疾儿童少年义务教育的主要形式，也符合国际上残疾儿童少年教育发展的大趋势。“七五”中期至“八五”期间，北京市在开展盲、低视力、聋和重听以及轻度弱智儿童随班就读方面进行了较为广泛的实验。这次对随班就读工作的全面调查和分析，为贯彻北京市特殊教育“九五”发展规划中提出的“巩固、发展、完善、提高”一方针，使北京市残疾儿童随班就读工作发展到一个新的水平，提供借鉴和参考。     

山东省诸城市开展建立残疾儿童随班就读支持保障体系工作实施方案

为推进“十一五”期间我市特殊教育的改革和发展，建立残疾儿童随班就读支持保障体系，根据省教育厅《关于开展建立残疾儿童随班就读工作支持保障体系工作实施方案》和《诸城市教育事业“十一五”发展规划》，制定本方案：     

提高农村小学残疾儿童随班就读教育质量的策略

<正>随班就读生就是需要接受特殊教育的学生在普通班就读,意在发挥集体教育优势,在教师的正向干预下,通过同龄儿童的交往互助,让随班就读生在班级中感受关爱、帮助和激励,从而模仿、学习,形成积极健康向上的学习心理和行为。农村残疾儿童随班就读现状不容乐观,各方面原因都存在,家长认识不到位,普通学校的师资不能满足这些特殊的个体需要,残疾儿童随班就读应该引起各方面重视,齐心协力,关注残疾儿童成长。     

隆林县采取特殊办法办特教

隆林县采取特殊办法办特教莫宝琪广西隆林各族自治县重视发展残疾儿童少年义务教育。１９９２年以来，全县办起了一所综合性的特殊教育学校，一个普通小学附设的弱智班，七十三个弱智随班就该班，二个盲童随班就读班，二个低视儿童随班就读班和二个聋童随班就读班，学龄残...     

普特合作开展资源教学的实践探索

从2007年9月起,为推进长宁区初中随班就读工作,区特教中心分别派遣了3名特教教师到3所随班就读初中,为初中从事随班就读工作的教师提供咨询与支持,并对校内的随班就读学生开展资源教学。同时,3所学校也各设有兼职的资源教师1名,对校内的随班就读学生进行资源教学。因此,长宁区3所初中的随班就读学生接受了普特两位教师的资源教学辅导,实行了一种"双资源教师"的模式。一、普特合作对初中随班就读     

A Two-Level Analysis of Classroom Climate in Relation to Social Context,Group Composition,and Organization of Special Support

This study investigated classroom climate in relation to social context, heterogeneity (disability, multiculturalism) in class composition, and the occurrence of differentiated learning environments for children who need special support. Pupils aged 8–12 (679 from 39 classes in Swedish compulsory schools) responded to a questionnaire about classroom climate. Eighty of these students receive special support at school using various modalities. Multilevel factor analysis was applied to data to estimate differences within and between groups. Three significant climate factors were found. They pertained to the level of friction, satisfaction, and cohesiveness in the classroom. Social context was related to these three factors and to the occurrence of differentiated learning environments. The inclusion of pupils with disabilities appears to be related to less friction and higher cohesiveness among children. The article proposes increased interventions aimed at improving the school climate in disadvantaged neighborhoods. It also suggests that aspects of the placement of pupils with disabilities and of the organization of special support should be considered as indicators in studies of school effectiveness. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classification of children with learning problems and the establishment of special classes in Delaware from the 1930s to the mid-1940s

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on J. E. Wallace Wallin, who recognised the rights of children with disabilities to receive an education, and who tackled the scientific classification of children and the provision of special classes in the state of Delaware from the 1930s to the middle of the 1940s. This study intends to clarify how Wallin recognised and classified children who exhibited learning problems, and how he provided an educational environment for them. Wallin advocated the democratic philosophy of providing differentiated education based on the individual differences among children. He classified children with learning problems as “mentally deficient”, “backward”, and “special subject-matter disabilities”. He also recommended special educational treatment in not only special classes but also regular classes. He insisted that regular class teachers and special class teachers share the responsibility of educating children with disabilities. However, in addition to tailoring education based on the diversity exhibited by children with learning problems, it is essential to tailor it for disabled children in public school special classes established in their communities. In terms of both human and material resources, it was difficult to address learning problems suitably in regular classes while improving the quality and quantity of education in special classes.     

幼儿园学习环境质量评估对全纳教育的启示

美国的《幼儿学习环境评量表（修订版）》,作为世界各国广泛使用的学前教育评价量表,不仅可以有效地评估幼儿学习环境的质量,而且能够对特殊儿童的需要进行评估。该量表对空间和设施、个人日常照料、语言-推理、活动、互动、作息结构、家长和教师七方面内容进行评估。本研究根据该量表,通过对北京市7家随班就读幼儿园的40间教室进行为期2个月的评估发现：幼儿园可以通过提高学习环境质量来更好地实施特殊儿童的随班就读教育方案。研究结果表明,北京市随班就读幼儿园需在以下五个方面做出改善：教室安排/布置、教学材料、游戏活动、自由时间,以及针对特殊儿童的服务和策略。     

The Old Man and the Sea: Navigating the Gulf between Special Educators and the Content Area Classroom

The special educator in the content area classroom often experiences an ill‐defined role, which can translate into marginalization within instructional settings. Indeed, most students with learning disabilities (LD) receive content area instruction from a general education teacher with the support of a special educator. However, the literacy demands of the respective content areas often present content specific challenges for students with language‐based disabilities and their teachers. To date, proposed content area literacy interventions have not addressed the specific language‐based needs of students with LD. In this article, we highlight the similarities among history, science, English language arts, and mathematics texts from a language perspective, and present strategies specifically targeting students’ background knowledge. We also provide recommendations to researchers and practitioners for improving content area learning.     

Social effects of integrated classrooms and resource room/regular class placements on elementary students with learning disabilities

The social status of elementary students with learning disabilities (LD) served by the Integrated Classroom Model (ICM) was compared to the social status of elementary students with learning disabilities served in a regular class with resource room support. The ICM serves elementary special education and non-special-education students (1:2) together as one class. The comparison group was composed of students with learning disabilities who received special education services outside of their regular classroom for a portion of their school day. Social status was determined by assessing interpersonal relationships among students, using a peer rating method. The results of analyses of various dimensions suggest that while special education students in both programs have significantly lower social status on average than their non-special-education peers, the children in the ICM have a better opportunity to blend successfully into the classroom than the children who go out to a resource room.     

‘Inclusion in Practice’: Programme Practices in Mainstream Preschool Classrooms and Associations with Context and Teacher Characteristics

This study observed the extent to which teachers supported the inclusion of children with disabilities into mainstream classrooms and involved monitoring 52 mainstream preschool settings in Greece. The association between programme quality, context and teacher characteristics was also tested. Findings showed that the quality of inclusion ranged from ‘low’ to ‘minimal’, with teachers more frequently implementing practices that only partially promoted participation for children with disabilities in academic and social classroom activities. The analysis also revealed that the quality of programming was not influenced by the model of special education provision, the group size, the number of children with disabilities, the training teachers had in special education or their teaching experience. The results are discussed both at a national and international level, revealing areas that need further examination into preschool inclusion quality.     

The Role of Teacher Efficacy in Strengthening Classroom Support for Preschool Children with Disabilities Who Exhibit Challenging Behaviors

Challenging student behaviors are a prominent factor in the development of teacher stress and burnout. When classroom-based teachers of preschool children with disabilities were surveyed to identify their training needs in one North Carolina county, the most frequent request was how to address behavior challenges of preschool children with disabilities. This study examined how instructional support to teachers of preschool children with disabilities and challenging behaviors affected three teachers’ classroom practices. The teachers received training and mentoring in classroom behavior management strategies and engaged in an online community of learners discussion group. Interviews and interactions from an online learning community were used to disclose whether the participants had implemented effective intervention strategies in their classrooms following the training. Teachers felt more competent in managing challenging behaviors after the online interaction with their colleagues. Teachers’ online interactions were a highly effective way to impact teacher efficacy. Therefore, special education preschool programs should consider providing more opportunities for the teachers to build their own learning communities to interact and support one another.     

Longitudinal research on the behavioral characteristics of children with learning disabilities

This paper summarizes a program of research on the behavioral characteristics of children with learning disabilities (LD) compared to average achievers. Longitudinal studies over a 3-year period beginning in the first and second grades showed that children with LD, as a heterogeneous group, displayed a persistent pattern of maladaptive classroom behavior that distinguished them from average achieving peers and that was associated with continued underachievement over time. Subsequently, children with LD in the longitudinal sample were clustered into seven different subtypes that represented attention problems, conduct and classroom management problems, withdrawn-dependent behavior, and normal behavior. Although no differences in achievement were found initially between behavioral subtypes, children in the attention and conduct problem subtypes had poorer academic outcomes 3 years later compared to those in the withdrawn subtype and those who had no significant behavior problems. The collective findings from this research are discussed in terms of the developmental relationship between learning disabilities, attention disorders, and social/emotional problems, and implications are drawn for a greater focus on behavioral interventions in special education and prevention efforts in the early grades.