元素合金化对NiFeGa合金马氏体相变特性的影响

采用电弧炉熔炼和急冷快淬吸铸的方法制备Ni-Fe-Ga-X(X=Si, Ge, Al, Co)合金,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和示差扫描量热仪,研究了Si, Ge, Al, Co元素合金化对Ni-Fe-Ga合金显微组织、晶体结构和马氏体相变特性的影响.研究结果表明,Si, Ge, Al替代Ga元素后,室温下表现出良好的热弹性马氏体特征,随着其含量增加,合金的马氏体相变特征温度线性下降;而Co替代Ga元素,具有M+γ双相显微组织结构,其相变特征温度随Co含量增加而显著提高.电子浓度和晶胞体积是影响Ni-Fe-Ga-X合金马氏体相变特征温度两个重要的因素.一方面,随着电子浓度的增加,合金的马氏体相变特征温度升高;另一方面,晶胞体积收缩也有利于提高马氏体相变特征温度.     

SiTi3机械合金化非晶化过程的研究

利用机械合金化方法得到了SiTi3非晶合金。经分析表明,SiTi3非晶合金是由于Si在Ti中的固溶量超过晶格稳定性限制,Ti的晶格发生“崩溃”而形成的,并对固溶量增加的原因进行了分析。     

机械合金化和热处理对高熵合金MgTiVCrNi微观组织演化和相结构的影响

通过机械合金化球磨反应制备了含不同组元数和等摩尔比组成的合金体系Mg-TiV-Cr-Ni,利用XRD、EDS能谱分析、TEM以及DSC/TG热分析了组元数及热处理对合金球磨产物微观组织和相形成规律的影响.结果表明:经20h球磨后,二元合金Mg-Cr、Mg-V与MgTi体系几乎不发生合金化反应,随合金主组元数的增加,高混合熵效应可促进多元合金组元之间的相互反应和固溶,其中五元高熵合金Mg Ti VCr Ni球磨产物可形成富Mg的非晶相与贫Mg的纳米晶BCC型相.经400~600℃热处理后,合金Mg Ti VCr Ni球磨组织中的非晶相经晶化后转变为新的和贫Mg的BCC型结构相,当温度提高至600℃时,残余的金属Cr逐渐在BCC型相中固溶,最终形成稳定的单相BCC型固溶体.球磨高熵合金Mg Ti VCr Ni中形成的BCC型固溶体结构具有较高的热稳定性.     

机械合金化和热处理对高熵合金MgTiVCrNi微观组织演化和相结构的影响

通过机械合金化球磨反应制备了含不同组元数和等摩尔比组成的合金体系Mg-TiV-Cr-Ni,利用XRD、EDS能谱分析、TEM以及DSC/TG热分析了组元数及热处理对合金球磨产物微观组织和相形成规律的影响.结果表明:经20h球磨后,二元合金Mg-Cr、Mg-V与MgTi体系几乎不发生合金化反应,随合金主组元数的增加,高混合熵效应可促进多元合金组元之间的相互反应和固溶,其中五元高熵合金Mg Ti VCr Ni球磨产物可形成富Mg的非晶相与贫Mg的纳米晶BCC型相.经400⁶00℃热处理后,合金Mg Ti VCr Ni球磨组织中的非晶相经晶化后转变为新的和贫Mg的BCC型结构相,当温度提高至600℃时,残余的金属Cr逐渐在BCC型相中固溶,最终形成稳定的单相BCC型固溶体.球磨高熵合金Mg Ti VCr Ni中形成的BCC型固溶体结构具有较高的热稳定性.     

Ni基三元合金的制备与形成机理研究

该文研究了采用机械合金化法制备Ni—Ti—Nb非晶态合金材料,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对经不同机械合金化时间得到的Ni—Ti—Nb混合粉末进行了分析,结果表明Ni—Ti—Nb混合粉末球磨10h后可实现机械合金化。随着球磨持续进行,Ni、Ti、Nb合金粉末之间相互扩散,当扩散速度增加到一定程度,来不及形成有序结构,而形成Ni—Ti—Nb系非晶合金．     

在室温和常压下用机械合金化方法制备Fe5C2金属间化合物

Single phase Fe5C2 intermetallic compound was prepared by mechanical alloying method. The phase and crystal structure of sample were analyzed with X-ray differaction spectrum. The decomposing temperature of the Fe5C2 compound is 596.4℃ determined by the DSC curve. It is further shown that the size of nanometer crystal grain is an important condition for carrying out the solid state reaction at room temperature and normal pressure.     

Er(Co1-xMnx)2合金的相变调控和磁热效应优化

研究了Mn掺杂对Er(Co1-xMnx)2合金的晶体结构、相变类型和磁热效应的影响.随着Mn含量的增加,合金的晶体结构不变,但是晶格常数逐渐增加,同时居里温度逐渐升高.当x≤0.06时,样品的磁相变为一级相变,表现出较大的磁熵变;而x=0.08时,样品经历铁磁到顺磁的二级相变,磁热效应大大降低.在一级相变和二级相变的临界点x=0.06,样品具有较大的磁熵变,几乎没有磁滞现象.因此,将相变调控到一级相变和二级相变的临界点是优化磁热效应的一种有效方法.     

《合金固态相变》专业课教学中创新能力培养相关改革探索与实践

为了适应新形势下对材料科学与工程专业创新人才(尤其是金属材料方向)培养的迫切需要,介绍了《合金固态相变》专业课程教学及实践教学中采取的一系列改革与实践,为传统专业课程的改革提供借鉴。     

Fe含量对Ni-Fe-Ga合金马氏体相变的影响

利用金相显微技术和示差扫描量热法研究了合金成分对Ni-Fe-Ga铁磁形状记忆合金马氏体相变的影响,用X射线衍射方法分析了马氏体的结构类型.研究发现,Ni代替Fe显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度,每1%Ni可以使合金马氏体相变温度提高约40 K.X射线衍射表明Ni73.5-yFeyGa26.5合金773K真空退火后都只出现4M型晶体结构的马氏体.     

β-FeSi2的结构、光电特性及应用

金属硅化物β—FeSi2是具有直接带隙特性的半导体材料,禁带宽度约0．80～0．89eV,是制作硅基光电子光源及探测器件以及太阳能电池,热电器件等最有发展前景的硅基半导体材料之一。目前,已经用多种方法在硅衬底上进行了薄膜外延生长及器件制作的尝试,并取得了一定的成功。文中就近年来β—FeSi2材料的晶体结构、能带结构、光电特性及其在光电子器件中的应用进行了综述。     

Curie temperature of the intergranular amorphous phase in nanocrystalline Fe89Zr7B4 alloy

１　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ＦｅｒｉｃｈｎａｎｏｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｎｅＦｅＺｒＢａｌｌｏｙｓｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙｓｈｏｗｇｏｏｄｓｏｆｔｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｎｄｌａｒｇｅｓａｔｕｒａｔｉｏｎｍａｇｎｅｔｉｚａｔｉｏｎ［１,２］．Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｉｎｌｙｔｗｏｐｈａｓｅｓｉｎｔｈｅａｌｌｏｙｓｗｉｔｈｏｐｔｉｍｕｍｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ：ａｎａｎｏｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｎｅαＦｅｐｈａｓｅａｎｄａｎｉｎｔｅｒｇｒａｎｕｌａｒａｍｏｒｐｈｏｕｓｐｈａｓ…     

非晶、纳米晶铁基合金的实验研究

用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD), 透射电子显微镜(TEM), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线吸收精细结构分析仪(EXAFS)对机械合金化后的FeNiPB(Cu, Nb)混合粉末进行了分析研究. 研究结果表明: FeNiPB(Cu, Nb)混合粉末球磨20h后合金化, 球磨80h后FeNiPB(Cu, Nb)混合粉末中的Fe, Ni原子处于非晶环境中, 粉末的形态为棉絮状, 电子衍射为典型的非晶环. XRD, EXAFS, TEM的分析结果表明在该条件下, FeNiPB(Cu, Nb)混合粉末完全转变成了非晶. FeNiPB(Cu, Nb)非晶合金在520℃加热1h后产生纳米晶, 所以纳米晶铁基合金可通过FeNiPB(Cu, Nb)非晶合金部分晶化获得.     

二元合金相图实验装置的改进

二元合金相图的绘制是许多高校开设的物理化学实验之一,该实验的温度很难控制,其操作不便,实验数据误差大,该文采用温度控制仪对该实验温度进行了改进。     

原位变温X射线衍射技术在催化剂相变研究中的应用

利用原位变温XRD,研究了TiO2、HLaNb2O7(层状结构物质)、分子筛(中孔结构)等几种有代表性的催化剂在升温时的相变过程。研究发现:原位XRD可以实时监测材料在不同温度、不同气氛下的结晶情况;通过对实时XRD图谱的分析可以得到相关条件下的半峰宽、强度、晶粒尺寸等,从而研究材料的相变规律、结晶度变化规律。该方法对普通相转变、层状结构的变化以及中孔分子筛的相转变都可以很好的应用。     

Calculating the proportion of Nd-rich phase in NdFeB alloy via Matlab software

Nd-rich phase plays an important role in the magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB alloy. The proportion of Nd-rich phase to all the other phases was calculated by using MATLAB 6.5 software. Especially, post-sintered alloy, post-high-temperature tempered alloy and post-high and low-temperature tempered alloy were analyzed. It was found that the proportion of Nd-rich phase in the three alloys based on SEM (scanning electron microscope) images was about 8.22%, 8.03% and 8.00%, respectively.     

Effects of surface modification by Ni, Ti and B on electrochemical properties of Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni hydrogen storage alloy

Amorphous alloy Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni was successfully prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and a series of (n?x)Nix(Ti?B) composites were synthesized by MA. The electrochemical properties of Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni coated by Ni, Ti and B were studied by cyclic charge-discharge, linear polarization curve, and hydrogen diffusion coefficient experiments. Experimental results indicate that Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni-[0.9Ni0.6(Ti?B)] composite which was MA 30 h exhibited the best performance and its initial discharge capacity arrived to 714.1 mAh/g. After 30 cycles the discharge capacity was above 530 mAh/g, which was much higher than that of Mg1.8Cu0.2Ni. And after 100 cycles it holded still 442.1 mAh/g. On all accounts, after modification by Ni, Ti and B, the initial discharge capacity and high-rate discharge ability of the electrode were evidently increased. At the same time, the cycle performance was also improved significantly.     

Structure and Magnetic Propoerty of Amorphous Fe—Ni Particles prepared by Mechanical Alloying

The amorphous Fe67.5 alloy particles have been prepared by mechanical alloying(MA) process of elemental powders.The crystallization is observed at temperature around 405℃ by means of differential thermal analyzer,It is found that the coercivity Hc and the effective magnetic anisotropy value of amorphous phase are not far from that of crystal phase.The magnetization behavior of amorphous and nanocrystalline samples prepared by mechanical alloying and milling process are quite similar,they obey 1/H law at middle-high field and 1/H^2 at higher field.The 1/H field dependence is attributed to a large number of dislocations created during MA process.The studies on the 1/H^2 field dependence reveals that magnetization of Fe-Ni ultrafine particles are governed predominantly by internal stress fields induced by MA process.     

Linear complementary method for moving boundary problems with phase transformation

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两相Mg-Ni合金的电化学吸放氢行为

The electrochemical performance of double phase Mg-Ni alloy was characterized at 25℃ and 70℃，in order to evaluate briefly its utility as negative electrode materials in nickel-metal hydride batteries.The results show that the electrochemical capacity of double phase Mg-Ni alloy is rarely low at 25℃,but increased rapidly when the temperature is enhanced,and the double phase Mg-Ni alloy has its maximum capacity at the first discharge cycle,but the capacity degrades rapidly with cycling number.