父母教养方式与青少年网络欺负:自尊的中介作用

为探讨父母教养方式、自尊与青少年网络欺负之间的关系及内在作用机制,使用父母教养方式问卷、自尊和网络欺负问卷对773名中学生进行施测.结果显示:(1)父母拒绝与青少年自尊显著负相关,与网络欺负显著正相关;父母情感温暖与青少年自尊显著正相关,与网络欺负呈显著负相关;父母过度保护与青少年自尊显著负相关,与网络欺负呈显著正相关.(2)三种父母教养方式均可以通过自尊的中介作用对青少年网络欺负行为产生影响.结论:青少年自尊在三种父母教养方式对青少年网络欺负的影响中起部分中介作用.     

父母心理困扰对青少年网络游戏成瘾的影响及其路径

为探讨父母心理困扰、亲子关系、青少年基本心理需求与青少年网络游戏成瘾的关系,采用凯斯勒心理困扰量表、亲子亲合问卷、基本心理需求量表与网络游戏成瘾量表对816名中学生及其父母进行问卷调查.结果显示:父母心理困扰会正向预测青少年网络游戏成瘾;亲子关系与青少年基本心理需求在父母心理困扰对青少年网络游戏成瘾的影响之间有链式中介作用.基于以上结果,父母应注重对自身心理健康的维护,并在积极改善亲子关系的基础上进一步找出满足青少年心理需求的方法,以有效预防和干预青少年网络游戏成瘾.     

父母参与、未来信心与青少年发展——本地和流动青少年的对比分析

探索影响青少年全面发展的因素具有重要的学术和现实意义.本研究基于科尔曼的社会资本理论,使用似不相关回归(SUR)分析父母参与对本地和流动青少年认知能力、心理和行为问题的影响.研究发现:第一,亲子沟通、父母监督和家校联系显著影响青少年发展,家庭间联系的影响并不显著.第二,亲子沟通和家校联系对本地和流动青少年的影响存在差异.第三,父母参与可以通过改变子女和父母的未来信心间接影响青少年发展.因此,应充分发挥学校在父母参与中的指导作用;同时,向弱势家庭尤其是流动家庭提供教育补偿计划,并努力完善配套改革以提升青少年和父母的未来信心.     

父母监控与青少年网络偏差行为的关系:人格类型的调节作用

为探讨青少年网络偏差行为的影响机制,采用问卷法对全国七城市共2352名中学生父母监控、人格和网络偏差行为状况进行了测量,结果发现:(1)青少年父母监控状况存在性别差异.重点校学生父母监控的消极控制与反馈维度得分存在年级差异.青少年网络偏差行为得分基本随年级升高而显著增加;(2)人格五维度、父母监控和网络偏差行为之间呈显著相关,青少年人格可分为和谐型、一般型和情绪型,其中和谐型人格青少年的网络偏差行为得分显著低于一般型和情绪型个体;(3)人格类型在父母监控和网络偏差行为的关系中起调节作用.     

父母参与、未来信心与青少年发展——本地和流动青少年的对比分析

探索影响青少年全面发展的因素具有重要的学术和现实意义.本研究基于科尔曼的社会资本理论,使用似不相关回归(SUR)分析父母参与对本地和流动青少年认知能力、心理和行为问题的影响.研究发现:第一,亲子沟通、父母监督和家校联系显著影响青少年发展,家庭间联系的影响并不显著.第二,亲子沟通和家校联系对本地和流动青少年的影响存在差异.第三,父母参与可以通过改变子女和父母的未来信心间接影响青少年发展.因此,应充分发挥学校在父母参与中的指导作用;同时,向弱势家庭尤其是流动家庭提供教育补偿计划,并努力完善配套改革以提升青少年和父母的未来信心.     

父母低头行为与青少年述情障碍的关系：链式中介分析

为探讨青少年述情障碍的影响因素及其产生机制，使用多伦多述情障碍量表、父母低头行为量表、消极家庭情绪表露问卷以及特拉华社会情绪能力量表对1 920名青少年进行问卷调查.结果发现：(1)父母低头行为分别与述情障碍和消极家庭情绪表露呈显著正相关，与社会情绪能力呈显著负相关.(2)消极家庭情绪表露与社会情绪能力在父母低头行为与青少年述情障碍之间均起部分中介作用.(3)消极家庭情绪表露与社会情绪能力在父母低头行为和青少年述情障碍之间构成链式中介.这一结果为预防和干预青少年述情障碍提供实证依据.     

父母知情对青少年冒险行为的影响与教育建议

父母知情对青少年具有一定的保护作用,但若父母采取的知情策略与青少年时期的发展特点不相适应,则会适得其反。本文主要阐述了父母知情对青少年冒险行为的影响,不同的父母知情策略与青少年冒险行为的关系及教育建议。     

从学会孝顺到学会爱:传统家庭伦理失范时代的家庭感恩教育

近十几年来,青少年似乎背上了不懂得感恩父母的"恶名",人们纷纷谈论和呼吁要对青少年进行感恩父母的教育,似乎忘记了基于血缘的对父母的感激敬爱是人的本能."父子之道,天性也"(《孝经》).即使婴儿在父母的照顾下也会表现出快乐亲近的反应,为何当某些青少年逐渐长大后,反而不懂得感恩父母了呢?什么原因导致了当今某些青少年不懂得感恩父母?在本文中,笔者试图证明,当今某些青少年不懂得感恩父母,与社会急剧变迁导致的中国传统家庭伦理失范密切相关.除非能够在家庭生活与感恩父母的教育中探索如何在新时代背景下重建合理合情的新家庭伦理规范,并以此引导和规范人们的家庭伦理生活,否则家庭感恩教育不会取得多大效果.     

父母干预与青少年手机成瘾的关系:一项追踪研究

探索五种不同类型的父母干预方式与青少年手机成瘾的因果关系.采用手机成瘾量表和手机使用感知父母干预问卷对977名青少年进行为期1年的二次追踪调查.结果 发现:(1)五种不同类型的父母干预与手机成瘾在一年内均呈现出相对稳定性;(2)积极干预与手机成瘾呈显著负相关,内容限制、父母监控与手机成瘾均呈显著正相关,共同使用与手机成...     

父母关系、亲子关系与青少年网络成瘾的关系及其作用机制

本研究基于"溢出假说"和"人-情境交互作用理论",选自北京、重庆和石家庄三所初中学校的1038名初一至初三学生为被试,采用问卷调查的方式,探讨家庭环境中的父母关系(父母冲突和父母婚姻满意度)、亲子关系(母子依恋和父子依恋)与青少年网络成瘾的关系,以及父母关系是否会通过亲子关系影响青少年的网络成瘾。结果表明:(1)父母婚姻满意度、父子依恋和母子依恋均与青少年网络成瘾呈显著负相关,而父母冲突与青少年网络成瘾呈显著正相关;(2)母子依恋、父母婚姻满意度和父子依恋能显著负向预测青少年的网络成瘾,但父母冲突却不能;(3)父子依恋和母子依恋在父母冲突对青少年网络成瘾的影响中起完全中介作用,但在父母婚姻满意度对青少年网络成瘾的影响中只起部分中介作用。     

高校陪读的弊端及对策思考

时下,我国部分高校兴起了“陪读”风,父母出于种种担心,在学校附近租房子服侍自己的儿女读大学,为什么会出现这种现象,这种现象背后隐藏着什么值得我们思考的东西?将就这些问题展开论述,发表看法。     

Parental experience of child protection intervention: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the ways in which parents experience and negotiate child protection intervention. METHOD: A qualitative grounded theory approach was used. In-depth qualitative interviews explored the experiences of 18 parents who had received child protection services. Grounded theory methods were used to build a model representing the ways these parents perceived and reacted to intervention. RESULTS: The ways parents perceive workers using power was shown to be the primary influence shaping parents' views of intervention and their reactions to it. Two perceptions of power emerged: parents perceived power being used over them as a form of control or power with them as a form of support. Three ways of responding to intervention emerged: parents fought workers by openly opposing them, "played the game" by feigning co-operation, or worked with them in collaborative relationships. Parents experiencing power being used over them tended to fight or play the game while parents experiencing power being used with them tended to work with intervention. No evidence was found linking case type (non-voluntary or voluntary cases) to whether parents perceived power being used by workers over them or with them. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the importance of practitioners and policy makers being aware of the impact power has on worker-parent interaction. Doubts are raised about the viability of policies separating policing and helping in child protection through differential response systems.     

Family preparation for school entry and the role of transition practices

Entry into school represents as much a challenge for children as it does for their parents. The authors examined the ways in which transition practices help children and their families feel prepared for school entry, as measured by the child's emotional adaptation during the first days in class and the family's sense of being prepared for this transition. Data were collected from a sample of 412 parents. The results indicate that children's emotional adaptation during the first days in school is related to their families' preparedness for school entry. Moreover, families' preparation is partly explained by the number of transition practices perceived by the parents. These data support the importance of transition practices in the preparation of the family as a unit. Transition practices could serve to reassure parents and their children that the school is ready to welcome them.     

Parental Priorities in the Selection of International Schools

The issue of choice of schooling for their offspring is one which exercises many parents based in different parts of the world. For parents whose employment takes them away from their home country and whose children accompany them on such postings, the issue—while different from the experience of parents based solely within national systems—is no less important or complex. This paper investigates the issue of parental choice and priorities within the context of three international schools in Switzerland, where a study was undertaken to establish the basis on which parents had elected to send their children to one or other of the schools in question. Based on a survey model of questionnaires and follow-up interviews with parents, the research concludes that a major factor influencing parents is the perceived importance of an English-medium education. Interesting similarities in perceptions to emerge from the study are found amongst parents from the different schools and amongst parents of primary and secondary age children, while differences in perceived levels of importance clearly emerge between fathers and mothers, and between parents from different geographical backgrounds. The paper suggests some preliminary explanations for such differences, and highlights areas which could form the basis for further pieces of research in this growing and increasingly important context.     

盲生刻板行为研究综述

盲生刻板行为在某种程度上具有不良影响,一些行为不仅对于自身身体有一定伤害,而且对于其融入主流社会造成了一定阻碍.尤其在先天盲生及多重残疾盲生中,刻板行为的发生率更高.因此,盲生家长和教师必须重视这些行为.本文通过文献研究,从盲生刻板行为的概念界定、出现率、产生原因、不良影响、评估和干预等几个方面,对盲生刻板行为的相关研究进行了概述.     

家庭亲密度对高中生人际信任度的影响

家庭是个体社会化的第一场所,家庭成员之间的情感关系即家庭亲密度是影响个体健康发展的重要因素。采用《家庭亲密度与适应性量表中文版》(FACESⅡ-CV)和《人际信任量表》(IT)对XX附属中学和XX高中的350名学生进行团体施测,结果表明:高中生的人际信任度的总体水平偏低,显著低于常模水平;家庭亲密度对高中生的人际信任度有显著影响,家庭亲密度越高,高中生的人际信任水平也越高。要提高高中生的家庭亲密度,父母应保证与孩子的沟通时间,通过多种沟通方式了解孩子的想法,做到与孩子相互尊重与理解,让孩子信赖父母并愿意听取父母的人生建议。社会方面还可以通过创办家庭辅导学校等方式,帮助家长获得更先进的教育经验。     

Exploring the views of parents of high ability children living in relative poverty

Background: This study is located in the general context of recent research on family life in England, ‘gifted and talented’ education policy and the significance of parental engagement. There is strong evidence that parental involvement has a significant and positive effect on children’s development and achievement. Although a great deal of work has been done on identifying general patterns of good practice, there is a gap in the literature regarding the support needs of parents of gifted and talented children from lower socio-economic backgrounds.

Purpose: The aim of this UK-based study was to explore what support such parents had received and what support they felt they needed to better promote their children’s development and achievement.

Sample: An opportunity sample of 21 parents with youngsters aged 14–16 identified as ‘gifted and talented’ by their schools, as part of UK government policy, took part in the study. The students attended a university-based intervention programme, which was designed to raise the students’ aspirations and achievement. The students were from schools within areas of relative social deprivation and, most qualified for free school meals.

Design and Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out to capture the authentic voice of the parents. Data was analysed using both pre-determined and emerging codes.

Results: Sixteen of 21 of the parents had good, supportive relationships with their children and 15 of 21 had high aspirations for them. However, 18 of 21 of the parents felt unable to engage with their child’s learning in the home. They also felt inadequate in their knowledge and experience to help their children with subject choices and advise on matters relating to Higher Education. Parents did not perceive their wider family or the wider community as supportive, nor did they expect them to be. Peer groups were seen as threats to their children’s well-being and advancement. Schools were highly rated for relationships but offered no specific support to these parents.

Conclusions: We conclude that although parental involvement is acknowledged in defining children’s life chances, parents in our sample, nonetheless, seemed to be being forced to ‘go it alone’. Within the limitations imposed by our small sample, we raise questions about the implications of the study.     

秦汉赘婿谪戍制度刍议

战国时期赘婿有秦国分异下的赘婿、齐国的巫儿婿、魏律中的赘婿--流民三种类型.秦国赘婿谪戍制度的形成正是借鉴了魏国法律对不务农桑、无有定业,而又"入人孤寡,徼人妇女"的赘婿--流民的惩处,以企用重刑使人畏惧慑服,稳定社会,巩固统治.汉承秦制,西汉仍袭用了秦将赘婿流放戍边的制度.     

高中留守学生心理健康状况调查研究

采用心理健康诊断测验（MHT）对部分高中留守学生和部分高中非留守学生的心理健康状况进行测查,并探讨高中留守学生与父母分离状况对其心理健康状况的影响。结果发现：第一,高中留守学生心理健康水平比非留守学生差。第二,高中留守女生心理健康水平比男生差;高一留守学生心理健康总体水平与高二留守学生没有显著差异,但在学习焦虑、冲动倾向、过敏倾向方面比高二留守学生差。第三,父母均外出的高中留守学生的心理健康水平比仅父亲外出的差,但与仅母亲外出的没有显著差异。     

The role of parents in special education: the notion of partnership revised

ABSTRACT

While parents' role in schools has attracted growing attention in educational research, very few researchers have directed any interest to the role of parents in special education. In this paper, we focus upon the concept of partnership, relating our analyses of interviews with classroom teachers and parents to the notion of partnership as described and explored by different researchers. Our main focus is on how teachers describe and perceive their relation to parents, and how parents experience their relation to the school. Our analysis shows that the relationship between teachers and parents seems to contain some other features than those reflected in the existing literature on parents’ role in education. To extract some of these features based on our data, we construct two roles: parents as ‘implementers’ and parents as ‘clients’, which we believe better captures the distinctive feature of the role of parents in special education. ‘Implementer’ implies parents being given responsibility for following up aims and measures set by the school, with very little possibility to influence how things are being done. ‘Clients’ occur when teachers see parents as part of their child's problem. Both roles place parents in a subordinate and powerless relationship with the school, as a result of a strong inequality of power between parents and schools. This inequality is caused, among other factors, by the socially defined power relationship between laypersons and professionals, and the stigma attached to special education which restrains parents from forming any collective resistance.