Overshadowing in the spatial domain

In Experiments 1 and 2, rats were trained in a Morris water maze to locate a hidden platform, the location of which in the circular pool was defined by four visual landmarks (A, B, C, and D), spaced at equal intervals around the edge of the pool. Control animals were trained with these four visual landmarks only. But for animals in the overshadowing groups, an auditory component, X, was added to Landmark D. Test trials, given at the end of training, consisted of placing the rat in the pool with no platform present and recording the time rats spent in the platform quadrant. In Experiment 1, the overshadowing group spent less time in the platform quadrant than controls when tested with D, but the two groups performed equally well on test trials that did not use D. We conclude that the auditory Component X overshadowed the visual Landmark D. In Experiment 2, we obtained evidence of reciprocal overshadowing, of D by X and of X by D. The results of Experiment 3 suggested that an appeal to generalization decrement might not be sufficient to explain these overshadowing effects.     

华罗庚域研究的几点想法

华罗庚域的创建,统一了多复变中的对称典型域和蛋型域的研究,给多复变函数论提供了一个新的研究领域.对华罗庚域的研究,至今已经取得了一系列的重要的成果.本文谈了对华罗庚域研究的几点想法以及国内外研究华罗庚域的简单情况以及研究华罗庚域的重要意义.以期更多的学者对华罗庚域感到兴趣并进行更深入、广泛的研究.     

Lay theories of passion in the academic domain

Our aim was to study students’ beliefs about passion and its influence on academic performance and experiences, and determine whether these beliefs depend on harmonious or obsessive passion. In Study 1, participants estimated passion scores for the most successful, average and least successful students in university. In Study 2, participants viewed completed questionnaires that depicted students as having varying levels of passion, and then predicted the students’ performance and experiences in university. Across both studies, students expected that having passion for academics, regardless of predominant passion type, was related to substantially higher levels of performance compared to those who were not passionate. Participants also believed that students with strong levels of harmonious passion experienced more positive academic experiences than those without any harmonious passion. Although students likely overestimate the role that passion plays in determining academic performance, they distinguish between passion types when estimating one’s academic experiences.     

Mindfulness-based interventions and the affective domain of education

Thanks largely to the work of Kabat-Zinn and associates applications of mindfulness-based practices have grown exponentially over the last decade or so, particularly in the fields of education, psychology, psychotherapy and mind–body health. Having its origins in Buddhist traditions, the more recent secular and therapeutic applications of the basic notion of impartial present-moment attention have been shown to have far-reaching implications for all aspects of learning and education. It is argued that mindfulness practice has much to contribute to the neglected area of affective education in the UK system and that – in addition to enhancing learning in the crucial sphere of the education of the emotions – it can also provide a foundation for more general cognitive development. In addition to philosophical arguments, reference is made to research studies of mindfulness-based educational practices in America and Britain.     

关于函数定义域求法的几点认识

研究函数定义域的求法,第一类是由实际问题建立起来的函数关系,第二类是由解析法给定的函数关系,通过对两大类型的分析使读者掌握函数定义域的求法。     

The specification of the content domain of faculty scholarship

This paper presents the results of a study designed to specify the content domain of faculty scholarship. The study builds upon previous research and responds to recent challenges to expand and define in more creative ways the concept of professorial scholarship. Full-time faculty from a doctoral-granting institution were selected and requested to define faculty scholarship by naming and describing scholars. Fifty faculty (86%) completed study participation. An inventory of 249 attributes of faculty scholarship resulted, which incorporates all traditional faculty role components, as well as a large representation of attributes not previously specified. The results corroborate those of previous researchers by affirming the complexity of the faculty scholarship construct. Study results also challenge the construct representation (Messick, 1989) of previous methodologies, and, thus, their content and construct validities. The final attribute listing is provided for researchers and others interested in revisiting and broadening definition of faculty scholarship.     

论和谐范畴与矛盾同一性

和谐是表征事物发展状态和关系特征的辩证法范畴，是矛盾同一性的表现形式之一；和谐不是绝对的同一，它以内在的差异和对立为前提，揭示和谐范畴的本质内涵，阐明和谐范畴在唯物辩证法范畴体系中应有的位置，倡导人们树立科学的和谐意识，有极为重要的理论价值和哲学方法论意义。     

明确责任范围强化政府行为

贯彻落实《义务教育法》牵涉到政府各职能部门.在贯彻实施《义务教育法》的过程中,政府职能部门只有了解义务教育的权利、义务与自身的责任范围,才能更好地各司其职.我主要从以下两方面谈谈自己的看法.     

群锥上Siegel域的扩充空间

利用复流形F(-Lij;i,j=1,…,k)及群锥的构造特征,给出了群锥上Siegel域的扩充空间.     

Confronting misconceptions in the domain of simple electrical circuits

This paper starts from the assumption that learning is promoted through confronting students with the inconsistencies entailed by their own beliefs. The issue is explored in the domain of electricity in the context of simple DC circuits. Previous work is used as the basis for the construction of a programme of work that is undertaken by a group of students. This programme entailed the development of a computer-based modelling environment called ELAB. The underlying design principle is that students should be able to model electrical circuits at a level which permits them to express some of their explicit (possibly mistaken) beliefs about relevant concepts. Other, implicit, beliefs should also be detectable through use of the system. The results derived from observation suggest that computer-based modelling facilities can provide advantages over approaches exploiting other media. In particular, such systems can be used to promote the kinds of intellectual conflict that are believed to be beneficial.     

The domain of developmental psychopathology

It is the "developmental" component of developmental psychopathology that distinguishes this discipline from abnormal psychology, psychiatry, and even clinical child psychology. At the same time, the focus on individual patterns of adaptation and maladaptation distinguishes this field from the larger discipline of developmental psychology. In this essay a developmental perspective is presented, and the implications of this perspective for research in developmental psychopathology are discussed. A primary consideration is the complexity of the adaptational process, with developmental transformation being the rule. Thus, links between earlier adaptation and later pathology generally will not be simple or direct. It will be necessary to understand both individual patterns of adaptation with respect to salient issues of a given developmental period and the transaction between prior adaptation, maturational change, and subsequent environmental challenges. Some examples are discussed, with special attention to the case of depression.     

规约的限度与个人领域的形成——基于小学儿童对个人领域的理解的视角

在界定个人领域内涵的基础上,对120名小学儿童关于个人领域的理解进行了访谈,对教师面对学生个人事件的反应进行了观察。结果表明:小学儿童对个人领域已有初步的理解,但教师没能根据学生个人事件的属性做出恰当的反应。这给我们的启示是:对学生的监督,必须以不侵犯学生的个人领域为前提。     

Unraveling the influence of domain knowledge during simulation-based inquiry learning

This study investigated whether the mere knowledge of the meaning of variables can facilitate inquiry learning processes and outcomes. Fifty-seven college freshmen were randomly allocated to one of three inquiry tasks. The concrete task had familiar variables from which hypotheses about their underlying relations could be inferred. The intermediate task used familiar variables that did not invoke underlying relations, whereas the abstract task contained unfamiliar variables that did not allow for inference of hypotheses about relations. Results showed that concrete participants performed more successfully and efficiently than intermediate participants, who in turn were equally successful and efficient as abstract participants. From these findings it was concluded that students learning by inquiry benefit little from knowledge of the meaning of variables per se. Some additional understanding of the way these variables are interrelated seems required to enhance inquiry learning processes and outcomes.     

The use and abuse of research in the public domain

In Australia, education think tanks have become increasingly influential in policy circles through ‘reports’ to government, and in public debate through the mainstream media. Invariably think-tanks draw on educational research to lend authority and legitimacy to their work. This is desirable if the research deepens understandings about important educational issues. However, it can be dangerous if it is enlisted to serve a specific ideology. This paper takes a case study of an avowedly conservative think-tank in Australia—the Education Standards Institute (ESI)—to explore the ways in which research is (mis)used in the service of a particular ideology in the public sphere. To sharpen the case study, the paper focuses on a contemporary policy issue in Australia—Independent Public Schools. It is argued that over a prolonged period of time the ESI Director has argued for an extreme version of school autonomy which goes far beyond anything which has yet been proposed by policy-makers in Australia. In so doing he uses the imprimatur of research evidence to substantiate his claims. The paper explores the many flaws in the ways in which educational research is employed to bolster the case. Education research should play a central role in informing public discussions and debates about education policy. It should not be used as a front for sloganeering for particular ideologies, and educational researchers have an important role to play in pointing this out.     

知识管理及其在教学领域中的应用

一、知识管理的基本认识在知识经济时代,知识的应用与创新成为了组织发展的强大动力,因此,知识管理成为了适应知识经济时代要求的新型管理模式,实现知识管理已成为当前众多组织,特别是知识型企业追求的目标。什么是知识管理?知识管理是指对知识的获取、保存、更新、应用、创新等过程的管理,是将组织内的各种知识与人员进行有效的整合,透过知识的共享、转化、扩散等方式,管理和提升组织内部知识,以增加组织的资产的过程,目的是使组织的知识发挥最大的效用。从不同的研究角度出发,研究者提出了数百种知识管理定义的不同"版本"。以下是几种比较典型     

限制域上可加映射的Hyers-Ulam稳定性

证明了关于在限制域上近似可加映射的Hyers-Ulam稳定性的一个结果,推广了F.Skof的相应定理。同时,得到结果的两个应用。特别获得了过零映射成为可加映射的一个充分必要条件。