传统智力与情绪智力的区别与联系

情绪智力是在近20多年才出现,它的出现给人们带来了一个问题,那就是情绪智力到底是什么智力,它与传统智力是否有区别。这个问题涉及到什么是传统智力以及与情绪智力有什么不同之处这两个方面,认为情绪智力是传统智力的一个补充,传统智力侧重于语言,逻辑等认知加工,而情绪智力侧重于对情绪性信息的加工,两者之间的联系在于都包含有认知的...     

Social and Emotional Learning: A Principled Science of Human Development in Context

Decades of research and practice in social and emotional development have left us with a body of knowledge that tells us that (1) social, emotional, and cognitive development are intertwined in the brain and in behavior and influence school and life outcomes; (2) social, emotional, and cognitive skills and competencies grow in supportive relationships and are influenced by experience and context; and (3) there are programs and practices that have been shown to be effective in supporting these skills and competencies. The science of social and emotional learning is distinct in that it represents a blend of the developmental and applied sciences. In this article, we summarize a key framework that has guided much of the research and practical work of social and emotional learning, and we synthesize the major areas of research that have propelled the field forward. We then turn to what’s next, describing and illustrating 4 essential principles that should guide work in the future.     

Does teachers' cognitive self-regulation increase their occupational well-being? The structure and role of self-regulation in the teaching context

Cognitive self-regulation is assumed to foster teachers' occupational well-being (their level of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction), which directly impacts the quality of their work. We investigated (1) the factor structure of teachers' cognitive self-regulation, (2) whether self-regulation fosters teachers' job satisfaction by reducing emotional exhaustion, and (3) whether this relationship is moderated by gender and school track. Structural equation modeling (N = 664 German secondary mathematics teachers) confirmed the hypothesized second-order factor structure of teacher self-regulation. The positive effect of cognitive self-regulation on job satisfaction is mediated by emotional exhaustion and can be generalized across gender and school track.     

How and why students make academic progress: Reconceptualizing the student engagement construct to increase its explanatory power

This paper sought to explain how the student engagement construct could be reconceptualized so to increase its capacity to explain course-specific academic progress.To do so, we proposed that agentic engagement should be added as a new engagement component while the status of emotional engagement should be reconsidered. In two longitudinally-designed studies, secondary-grade students self-reported four aspects of their course-specific classroom engagement (behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic) throughout an 18-week semester, and these scores were used to predict their objectively-scored course achievement (Study 1) and end-of-semester gains in perceived academic progress and perceived autonomy-supportive teaching (Study 2). In both studies, multilevel regressions showed that agentic engagement explained independent variance in the outcomes, while emotional engagement (and cognitive engagement) did not. These findings highlight the need to add agentic engagement and to reconceptualize the role of emotional engagement, so the discussion offers a reconceptualized model with greater explanatory power than its 3-component (behavioral, emotional, cognitive) predecessor.     

Situational interest,computer self‐efficacy and self‐regulation: Their impact on student engagement in distance education

This study investigates possible relationships among motivational and learning variables (interest, self‐efficacy and self‐regulation) and three types of student engagement (behavioural engagement, emotional engagement and cognitive engagement) in a distance education setting. Participants were 203 students enrolled in online classes in the fall semester of 2008 in the Schools of Gerontology and Engineering at a large research university in the south‐western USA, who completed an online survey assessing their levels of situational interest, computer self‐efficacy, self‐regulation and engagement in distance education. Situational interest and self‐regulation were found to be significantly correlated with three types of engagement (behavioural, emotional and cognitive), while computer self‐efficacy did not appear to be associated with any of those engagement variables. Results suggested that online activities and tools such as multimedia and discussion boards may increase emotional engagement in online learning, although they do not necessarily increase behavioural or cognitive engagement, that educators should identify students who are taking online courses for the first time and provide necessary technical help to increase their emotional engagement, and that it is important for educators to offer students strategies for increasing their self‐regulation in distance education environments.     

自闭症谱系障碍儿童共情过程中能力缺陷量化研究

共情缺陷是导致自闭症儿童社交障碍的重要因素。研究选取了28名3-7岁的自闭症和正常发展儿童,通过生理信号、面部表情和认知绩效等多模态数据的分析,探讨自闭症儿童共情过程中各阶段的特点,分析自闭症儿童共情缺陷的具体表现。研究发现,自闭症儿童的共情能力缺陷主要体现在较差的认知共情能力和较差的面部表情模仿能力;自闭症儿童的共情过程存在正常的自下而上的情绪分享过程和异常的自上而下的认知调节过程。因此,自闭症儿童共情能力的干预重点应聚焦认知调节过程中认知共情能力的提升和表情模仿能力的训练。     

也谈言语研究

随着语言学研究的深入,索绪尔的言语除了说和所说还应该包括写和所写,而且内涵发展了的言语依然可以英译为speech。言语不仅可以研究而且应该在言语的语言学框架内,把社会、文化、认知等结合起来对语言使用诸因素做出联系语境,侧重动态、异质、变异的综合的研究。当前应该对国内外言语研究进行全面系统的梳理,及早建立言语的语言学的理论框架。     

论教师情感素养的养成

21世纪需要＂情感＋智力＂型的人才,而人才的培养要靠教育。只有高素质的教师队伍才可能有高质量的教育。然而,教师专业素养是现代教师质量的集中表现。但是受传统认知教育观的影响,我国的教师教育呈现出重视教师的专业知识、专业技能等方面的培养,轻视教师的情感培养。教师应有情感方面的素质,情感智力是现代教师必须具备的素质之一。[1]因此,在教育优先发展的时代,关注教师情感素养的培养具有重要的现实意义。     

试论成人学习过程中的情绪

情绪是人对客观事物是否符合自我需要而产生的一种内心体验,它是影响个体认知活动的重要因素。情绪在成人教育与成人学习中起着非常重要的作用,它可以阻碍或激发学生的动机。积极的情绪可以调动成人学习者的学习积极性,促进其学习能力和创造能力的发展,消极的情绪会对成人学习起到阻碍。成人教育工作者应该重视成人学习中的情绪反应,发挥情绪在成人学习中的积极作用。     

在线协作交互文本编码体系的设计与应用——基于情绪交互视角的研究

情绪交互是影响在线协作学习认知、行为和态度的关键因素之一,然而如何分析其效果目前研究者还没有形成统一的认识。研究基于探究社区模型,根据情绪存在相关研究理论,将情绪交互划分为情绪回应、情绪评价和情绪表达三个类别,并结合认知存在、社会存在和教学存在的特点建构了在线协作交互文本编码体系。为了验证该编码体系的有效性,研究以此为分析框架,使用NVIVO和SPSS软件,对相关案例进行内容分析和统计分析。经初步证实发现,该编码体系能全面分析在线协作交互效果,尤其是情绪交互成效,且可操作性强;情绪交互与认知交互、社会交互和教学交互之间相互联系与支持,但认知交互发展不均衡;情绪交互可以有效维持和调节认知交互过程,但缺乏促进高层次认知交互的活动。鉴于此,研究提出了相关建议,以促进认知交互深度和协作学习成效。     

主权者的言说——《君主论》政治学说的解读

马基雅维利的《君主论》在政治思想史的影响巨大,对其解读颇多争议。作为对纯粹实证政治哲学学说的评价,不应当停留在道德与非道德之间的争论,应该将其作为一种中立实证的国家学说即主权者的理论来理解。《君主论》中的君王的道德要求并非把君王看成单纯的“人”,而是将其视为国家主权的化身,因此他的行为评价就不能再是简单的依据道德,而应当以国家的最高利益———安全和稳定为标准。     

论教学过程中认知和情感的统一

中国基础教育阶段的课堂教学过程中重认知轻情感的现象仍较严重。哲学的发展轨迹和趋势体现着认知和情感统一的呼声;幸福感的两种核心成分即认知成分和情感成分;教学过程是师生的一段人生经历,因此应该体现幸福感,即要求认知与情感在这一过程中统一。由于诸多原因,这一理想目标要求我们的社会系统共同努力。     

The Influence of Motivational Regulation Strategies on Online Students’ Behavioral,Emotional, and Cognitive Engagement

Providing effective motivational support is a critical determinant of a successful online distance learning experience for students in higher education. In this study, we examined how students’ academic level and use of 8 motivational regulation strategies influence 3 types of student engagement: behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, and cognitive engagement. A total of 95 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in online courses in 4-year universities in the United States participated in this study. A series of hierarchical regression analyses of undergraduate and graduate online students (N = 95) showed that behavioral engagement, emotional engagement, and cognitive engagement are predicted by different motivational regulation strategies after controlling for the academic level. Additionally, students’ academic level was found to be a predictor of cognitive engagement but not a predictor of behavioral engagement or emotional engagement. The results suggest that online course instructors, tutors, and designers should provide students with differentiated motivational scaffolding based on their motivational profile in order to promote different aspects of learning engagement.     

论有效的课堂小组合作学习

有效的课堂小组合作学习应关注小组合作成员的进步与发展;有效的课堂小组合作学习应建立在小组合作成员整体合作和适度竞争的基础之上;教师应是小组合作学习的促进者;有效的课堂小组合作学习不仅要关注学生认知目标的实现,更要关注学生情感目标的实现。     

将情绪唤醒机制运用于高职教学中的实践探索

针对高职学生的认知特点,情绪唤醒作用机制在高职教学中的运用具有非常重要的意义。引入情绪唤醒机制有助于改善学生在学习抽象知识内容时的理解力和记忆力,能提升学生的自主学习能力和解决问题的能力。在应用中,要有效运用教学手段调动学生情绪,引导学生注意力;注重突出形象思维优势来强化学生记忆;有意识运用负面情绪素材进行唤醒。     

情感教学策略在高职英语中的运用

教学过程不仅仅是一个信息交流过程,还是一个情感交流的过程,在教学中教师要＂以人为本＂,把认知和情感有机地统一起来。作者针对高职生英语学习中存在的情感障碍,提出在英语教学中如何实施情感教学策略,培养学生积极的情感态度。     

促进儿童认知重评调节策略的发展——基于Gross情绪调节理论的讨论

Gross的情绪调节理论给儿童情绪发展提供良好的理论依据。通过对Gross情绪调节理论的梳理和分析,提出认知重评策略比表达抑制策略更能够合理地调节情绪,应在儿童时期促进认知重评策略的萌芽。促进儿童合理调节情绪,健康成长。     

拉兹洛系统哲学的认识论探析

拉兹洛的认识论思想是其整个系统哲学的核心,它建立在自然—认知系统概念的基础之上。拉兹洛认为,人类的认识能力是在人类对环境的适应过程中发展起来的,人类的认识是由主体和客体共同决定的。值得强调的是,拉兹洛把科学领域中的认知过程与审美领域中的认知过程进行了类比分析,深刻揭示了理性认识和情感认识之间的相似性。拉兹洛系统哲学的认识论与马克思主义能动的反映论在许多观点上是一致的,因此,它对发展马克思主义哲学具有重要借鉴意义。     

论高中语文阅读教学的后现代价值取向

论述了高中语文阅读教学的后现代认知价值取向、后现代情感价值取向、后现代审美价值取向。强调直觉与感悟,反对对文本进行泛政治化与模式化的解读,要求尊重学生阅读文本时独特的认知价值、情感价值、审美价值,使学生阅读文本的主体性和创造性得到极大的发挥。     

Abnormal emotional processing in maltreated children diagnosed of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Maltreated children usually show a specific pattern of emotional and behavioral symptoms that exceed those relating to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms have been defined as Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The underlying attentional mechanisms of abnormal emotional processing and their relation to the clinical presentation of CPTSD are not well understood. A visual dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive (i.e., 500 ms) and attentive (i.e., 1500 ms) presentation rates of neutral versus emotional (i.e., angry, happy or sad) facial expressions was applied. Twenty-one maltreated CPTSD children were compared with twenty-six controls. The results are as follows: an attention bias away from threatening faces and an attentional bias towards sad faces were observed in maltreated CPTSD children during pre-attentive and attentive processing. Whereas the attentional bias away from angry faces was associated with social problems, the attentional bias towards sad faces was associated with depressive and withdrawn symptoms. Therefore, CPTSD children develop maladaptive negative cognitive styles, which may underlie not only social problems (by a cognitive avoidance of threatening stimuli) but also depressive symptoms (by a cognitive approach to sad stimuli). Attention processing abnormalities should be considered as therapeutic targets for new treatment approaches in this population.