Social Inequality and Access to Higher Education in Russia

This article analyses research on social inequality and access to higher education in Russia. It argues that the myth about equality of life chances, as with certain other myths, was an important part of the Soviet ideology. However, children from privileged groups traditionally received the education and professional training which were most advantageous for their subsequent lives and careers. Recent research indicates that conditions in post-Soviet Russia are not eliminating social differentiation. This is clearly seen in access to higher education. It is shown that the inequality is noticeable in secondary education and is aggravated during the transition to higher education and vocational training (universities, colleges, vocational schools). In order to explain the genesis of such inequality, the article considers research focusing on the situation at secondary school. The dynamics must be analysed over a long period, since the problems that post-Soviet youth face today have roots in the Soviet past. Hence, the article considers the results of studies conducted between the 1960s and today.     

Access and Barriers to Education for Ghanaian Women and Girls

As has been aptly stated in the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women (UN, 1995) in Beijing, the girl-child today is the woman of tomorrow. The skills, ideas, and energy of the girl-child are vital for full attainment of the goals of equality, development, and peace. For the girl-child to develop her full potential, she needs to be nurtured in an enabling environment, where her spiritual, intellectual, and material needs for survival, protection, and development are met and equal rights safeguarded. In the Ghanaian case, especially the limited education women receive could be detrimental to social development needs of women and girls, hence the focus of this paper, which add some important perspectives to the literature in the area.     

对高校开设野外拓展训练障碍的剖析

野外拓展训练在高校的开展,无论从训练手段、教学模式、人力、财力资源等方面都存在诸多问题.在剖析高校开设野外拓展训练的障碍因素的基础上,提出相应的解决措施,以促进野外拓展训练在高校的开展和普及.     

大学管理去行政化的文化藩篱与实践导向

中国大学由于受中国传统行政文化的制约,大学行政权力泛化倾向突出,学术权力长期被压制,去行政化成为当前大学管理改革的重要方向。去行政化要求大学管理改革深入到文化层面,其核心是围绕学术组织配置权力结构,保障教师的学术自由权和学生的参与权利,使行政权力和政治权力更好地为学术事务发展服务。     

Can the Barriers be Breached? Mature Women's Access to Higher Education

In the current climate of change and expansion in higher education, a danger exists that mature women students will not be given equitable access because the fundamental barriers to their full participation are not acknowledged. As a result, adequate support and academic facilities, such as childcare, woman‐friendly courses, teaching and assessment methods, sympathetic timetables and counselling services, are not provided for them. This paper examines the barriers that mature women wishing to enter higher education have to overcome, and suggests solutions that would facilitate the dismantling of these.     

重点高校入学机会城乡不公原因析论

高等教育进入大众化阶段以后,重点高校农村生源所占比例不断下降,获取优质高等教育机会的城乡不公问题迅速成为社会焦点。重点高校农村生源比例下降与基础教育、高校招生考试、高校招生录取密切相关。基础教育的城乡差异使得农村学生输在了竞争重点高校的“起跑线”上,体现程序公平的高校招生考试在报考、施考、命题等环节渗含着“歧视”农村考生的因素,高校招生录取过程中的加分政策、生源属地化倾向也更加有利于城市考生。     

独具特色的俄罗斯高等学校综合评估

评价俄罗斯联邦推行的高等教育综合评估模式。该模式将整个评估分为认可、评定、鉴定三个互相联系又各有侧重的连续步骤,对被评学校实施教育过程的条件、内容、结果进行定性与定量相结合的全面评估。     

成人高校开设选项体育课的探索

运用调查法和文献研究方法,从成人高校开设选项体育课的必要性以及开设的可行性和实施时应注意的几个问题等几方面探讨了成人高校体育课教学中增设选项体育课的重要性．这对提高成人学员体育专项运动技术水平的提高和培养终身体育兴趣都有着积极的作用．     

俄罗斯国立高校私营化改革新举措解析

文章在对俄罗斯国立高校私营化改革过程中实行的新举措及其实施结果、积极影响和负面效应进行全面解读,力图为我国高等教育体制改革中建构政府、市场与高校之间的关系等实际问题有所启示和借鉴。     

俄罗斯高校医学专业概况

俄罗斯的医学专业高等院校数量众多。本科生学制根据专业培养方向的需要而确定。外国留学生可根据自己情况选择俄语授课或者英语授课。医学专业学费因地区、专业及授课语言的差异而不同。本科教学过程注重实践,学生有大量机会到医院进行临床实习,这种医学教学模式非常值得借鉴。     

论素质教育实施的制度障碍

本文认为素质教育的关键在实施，实施的障碍在制度，由于制度原因，存在着索质教育实施的怪圈，在现行的社会筛选机制以及教育管理体制下，对于学校与个人来说，素质教育实施动力不足，从制度环境来看，素质教育具有一定超前性。     

学分制及其在我国高校实施的障碍评析

学分制有着其固有的内涵与本质特征。它是市场经济发展到一定时期的产物,目前我国高校实行的学分制与真正意义上的学分制还有一定的距离,学分制的实施在我国高等教育实践中还存在不少的问题与障碍。     

俄罗斯非国立高校发展的现状与展望

苏联解体之后,俄罗斯高等教育体制在政治经济体制转型的影响下发生了巨变,其中一项最突出的变化是,原国家垄断的单一高等教育办学体制终结,非国立高校产生,并迅速发展。对俄罗斯非国立高校的现状、背景和未来发展趋势进行研究分析,对我国高等教育的发展有一定借鉴意义。     

我国一流大学的入学机会及其地区差异:2008-2015

近来,各地区一流大学招生公平性问题引起了社会各界的关注。本研究运用主成分分析的方法构建了一流大学入学机会指数,并对2008年至2015年间31个省市地区一流大学的相关数据进行实证研究。研究发现:我国一流大学总体的入学机会有所提高;西部地区获得了较多的招生名额,但由于当地高考报名人数的增加,入学机会的实际增长幅度并不大;此外,受到各地区适龄人口数和高考报名人数差异扩大的影响,地区间入学机会的差异呈现出逐年扩大的趋势。研究进一步采用固定效应模型对入学机会的影响因素进行回归分析。结果表明,目前招生名额的调整对入学机会的改善贡献较弱,而经济发展的变化成为入学机会提高的重要原因,进而导致地区差异的进一步扩大。     

Access to Higher Education for Disabled People: A Systematic Approach at Chelyabinsk State University in Russia

The results achieved by Chelyabinsk State University in terms of providing access to higher education for disabled people are analysed. The experience obtained through joint work with European Union partners and applied to the conditions of a Russian university is underlined.     

我国大学实施通识教育的制度困境与出路

通识教育嵌入到中国大学教育体系中是一个相当复杂的系统性工程,缺乏有利于通识教育实施的制度安排一直是通识教育受阻的关键所在.目前,大学实施通识教育的主要制度性约束因素包括实体性的专业教育制度、零散式的学分管理制度、缺乏科际整合的分布选修制度和纵向分隔式的课程衔接制度.通识教育从普及走向深化的过程中,我国大学要从模仿移植走向本土构建,树立本科通识教育的理念,以建设一套独具特色的校本基础课程体系为核心,探寻一条适合中国大学体制环境的通识教育实施之路.     

技术贸易壁垒小议

随着国际贸易竞争越来越激烈,各国纷纷采取技术贸易壁垒作为提高竞争、扩大出口、保护本国贸易的手段。明确技术贸易壁垒的含义,分析技术贸易壁垒的形成原因以及了解WTO对它的规制是有必要的。我国在加入WTO后,应完善自身技术贸易壁垒机制的构建,突破国外的技术贸易壁垒,提高我国贸易的竞争力量。