HOW HOMES INFLUENCE SCHOOLS: EARLY PARENTING PREDICTS AFRICAN AMERICAN CHILDREN'S CLASSROOM SOCIAL–EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING

Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort were used to examine the extent to which early parenting predicted African American children's kindergarten social–emotional functioning. Teachers rated children's classroom social–emotional functioning in four areas (i.e., approaches to learning, self‐control, interpersonal skills, and externalizing behaviors). Mothers completed self‐report questionnaires assessing their home‐based parenting practices (i.e., warmth and home learning stimulation). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that mothers who engaged in more frequent home learning stimulation (e.g., shared book reading) had children with more positive teacher ratings of approaches to learning, self‐control, interpersonal skills, and fewer externalizing behaviors. Notably, demographic characteristics also contributed to children's social–emotional functioning. Specifically, African American girls from more affluent, two‐parent homes with highly educated mothers had the most positive ratings of classroom social–emotional functioning across all four dimensions.     

CLASSROOM VICTIMIZATION: CONSEQUENCES FOR SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC ADJUSTMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Peer victimization is a well‐established risk factor for children's adjustment, but it has rarely been studied as a feature of classroom climate. This study examines the consequences of classroom victimization for children's social and academic adjustment. Classroom victimization, social functioning, and academic adjustment were assessed in two subsamples taken from a full sample of 523 children nested in 28 classrooms, followed over the course of a school year. Results from a subsample of 213 students suggested that higher classroom levels of victimization predicted attenuated growth in children's reading achievement as well as greater stability of reading achievement over the course of the year. Results from a subsample of 490 children suggested that lower levels of classroom victimization predicted reduced stability of peer social preference and mitigated the trajectory between children's externalizing behavior and poor social preference. Implications for prevention of and interventions targeting peer victimization are discussed.     

THE EFFECTS OF A SOCIAL–EMOTIONAL LEARNING PROGRAM ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN: THE ROLE OF PUPILS’ CHARACTERISTICS

This quasi‐experimental exploratory study investigated whether a social–emotional learning program, implemented during a 1‐year period, could lead to gains in social–emotional competencies and a reduction in internalizing and externalizing problems. Furthermore, it showed which pupils would benefit most from the program. The program was applied to 213 fourth‐grade Portuguese pupils. One hundred five controls followed an Origami curriculum during the same period. Sixteen teachers also participated in this study. Self‐report (pupils) and hetero‐report (teachers) questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention. There were significant intervention gains in some social–emotional competencies, namely, peer relations and social competence, but no gains were found in internalizing and externalizing problems. Intervention pupils with average pre‐test scores profited more in self‐management and peer relations than controls. Boys showed greater gains in self‐management, aggressiveness, and social problems than girls. There were no significant differences regarding socioeconomic status.     

LINKING SOCIAL–ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS WITH AGGRESSION IN SUBURBAN ADOLESCENTS: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL–COGNITIVE MEDIATORS

Previous research suggests that social–cognitive factors mediate the association between social–environmental risk and aggression in high‐risk samples, but less is known about the relation among these factors in suburban youth. The present study examined whether such an association occurred for suburban youth exposed to low levels of social rejection and community violence. Using data from 184 adolescents (mean age = 14.97 years, SD = .84) and their homeroom teachers, analyses with structural equation modeling revealed a significant relation between relatively mild levels of social–environmental risk and aggression. This association was partially mediated by negatively biased social–cognitive factors (i.e., general knowledge structures and social information processing). Findings suggest that even relatively low levels of social rejection and community violence exposure characterizing suburban youth (in contrast to urban youth) put them at an increased risk for problems with aggression.     

A MODEL FOR USING THE FINAL EXAMINATION AS A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT LEARNED IN CLASSROOM LEARNING1

A student's score on the final examination in a classroom learning situation does not necessarily represent the amount learned during the course. Various measures of gain have been advanced to measure the amount learned, but all have subsequently been found inadequate. It is hypothesized that the relationship between test scores and knowledge is curvilinear. A rationale is presented for the curvilinear nature of the posited relationship and for the fit of the model to classroom learning. From hypothetical data conforming to the model expressed in a mathematical formula, it was shown that it is possible for the final examination to be the best indicant of amount learned, even though individuals are not equal in proficiency at the beginning of the learning task. Based upon several considerations it was concluded that, at present, the best indicant of amount learned in many classroom situations is the final examination.     

北京市残疾儿童、少年随班就读调查报告

大力开展残疾儿童少年随班就读是普及残疾儿童义务教育的需要。它既符合国情，是发展残疾儿童少年义务教育的主要形式，也符合国际上残疾儿童少年教育发展的大趋势。“七五”中期至“八五”期间，北京市在开展盲、低视力、聋和重听以及轻度弱智儿童随班就读方面进行了较为广泛的实验。这次对随班就读工作的全面调查和分析，为贯彻北京市特殊教育“九五”发展规划中提出的“巩固、发展、完善、提高”一方针，使北京市残疾儿童随班就读工作发展到一个新的水平，提供借鉴和参考。     

A METHOD TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA IN THE CLASSROOM

In Sweden radio and television programs for educational purposes are produced by a special unit within Sveriges Radio (SR), but there is also a production unit outside the organization SR producing educational programs, in the first place for adults (TRU). In the near future these two units are to be joined into one. In the Educational Program Department of SR there is a special group concerned with research and development questions. For the time being there are four full‐time posts as researchers, and within the framework of the budget of the program department the research group has it's own budget for research and evaluation of radio and television in instruction. The aim of this internal research ‐‐ exemplified in this paper ‐ is to give producers such experience as can be of value both for the assessment of individual products and for production work in the long run.     

上海市残疾儿童、少年随班就读工作调研报告

通过对上海市残疾儿童、少年随班就读工作调查，上海市取得的主要经验表现在组织管理、政策保障、入学鉴定、就学管理、师资培训、教学研究方面，同时对随班就读存在的问题加以明确。本文在对随班就读教师、家长问卷调查结果分析基础上指出：教师和家长在随班就读工作中起重要作用。     

天津市残疾儿童、少年随班就读调查报告

通过典型调查，就天津市九年义务教育的基本情况、现有的特殊教育评估体系、随班就读的规模、安置形式、分布情况及各界的态度反映和对随班就读的教学、管理、评估与师资培训等十二个方面问题进行研究，反映出天津市随班就读效果的实际情况，并通过调查探索残疾儿童少年成功随班就读的决定因素，为推广随班就读的原则、措施、方法提供理论依据，促进这项事业更快发展。     

翻转课堂中的群体影响现象探究

翻转课堂作为一种新的教学方法,提升了学生在学习中的主体地位,但同时使课堂教学效果在更大程度上受到学生学习行为的影响.文章着眼于翻转课堂常用的分组教学这一组织形式,从社会心理学的视角研究考察学习小组中的社会懈怠和社会助长现象,并借助有关群体影响的研究,探索提高翻转课堂教学效果的有效组织形式.     

大学英语课堂教学质量评价现状及策略探析

几十年来大学英语教学"费时低效",被一些业外人士形象地比喻为"一壶永远烧不开的水".究其原因'教学大纲、内容的滞后;全国统考导致的应试现象;社会环境、高校教育教学模式、师资问题等等.而其中重要的原因是缺乏科学合理、操作性强的课堂教学质量评价.针对其现状,逐一分析,在此基础上构建出大学英语课堂教学质量评价策略.     

TEACHING FOR LEADERSHIP AND ADVOCACY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: EXPLORING MESSAGES IN A COLLEGE CLASSROOM

The field of early childhood education has traditionally struggled to be viewed as a profession. Recent public attention on the importance of the early years in creating a foundation for later learning success has led to a focus on improving education for young children. One aspect of educational reform and renewal—Professional Development Schools—can provide an avenue for early childhood educators to grow and develop as teachers, thus providing children with higher quality early childhood experiences. This article describes the growth and development of teachers in two early childhood centers after they became Professional Development School partners with a Midwest university. The “blossoming” of a sense of professionalism among the teachers is documented and described.     

ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF PARENT–TEACHER RELATIONSHIPS FOR STUDENTS WITH ADHD

Family involvement in education, including the quality of family–school communication, has been demonstrated repeatedly to have a substantial effect on child development and success in school; however, measures of this construct are limited. The purpose this study was to examine the factor structure and concurrent validity of the Quality of the Parent–Teacher Relationship, a subscale of the Parent–Teacher Involvement Questionnaire, in a sample of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were 260 parents and teachers of children diagnosed with ADHD in Grades kindergarten to 6. Results provided support for a two‐factor model, consisting of separate factors for parents and teachers, and correlational findings provided support for concurrent validity. This measure appears to have utility in assessing parent–teacher relationships and evaluating the effectiveness of family–school interventions.     

THE DYNAMICS OF LEARNING SCIENCE IN EVERYDAY CONTEXTS: A CASE STUDY OF EVERYDAY SCIENCE CLASS IN KOREA

With recognition of the importance of scientific literacy for the nation and yet the increasing students’ disinterest in science through school science curriculum, the Korea Science Foundation launched an innovative program called ‘Everyday Science Class (ESC)’ in partnership with universities and local government offices in 2003. In this work, we introduce the structure and dynamics of the ESC program in K-district through examining (1) how everyday contexts helped learners’ perceptions and attitudes toward science and (2) how the dynamics of learning environments effected learners’ learning process. We employed interviews and video recording of classes for data collection. To analyze the data, we used the process of thematic coding to understand the outcomes and effects of ESC program. The research findings showed that everyday context and a unique environment of learning with parents in the ESC program could bring forth learners’ understandings on the connection between science and their everyday lives and positive attitudes toward science learning. We also found that there were certain issues to be taken into account in terms of children’s cognitive development for further development.     

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY INVESTIGATING THE LINKS AMONG CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT,SCHOOL CONNECTEDNESS,AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENTS

School connectedness and classroom environment have both been strongly linked to depressive symptoms, but their interrelation is unclear. We tested whether school connectedness mediated the link between classroom environment and depressive symptoms. A sample of 504 Australian seventh‐ and eighth‐grade students completed the Classroom Environment Scale, Psychological Sense of School Membership scale, and Children's Depression Inventory, at three time points. Together, the classroom environment and school connectedness accounted for 41% to 45% of variance in concurrent depressive symptoms, and 14% of subsequent depressive symptoms with prior symptoms accounted for. Only a partial mediation was found, with both classroom environment and school connectedness continuing to contribute uniquely to the prediction of concurrent and subsequent depressive symptoms. These findings provide additional support for the idea that school‐based pathways to depressive symptoms are a complex interplay between environment and individual difference variables, necessitating individual and environmental school‐based interventions.