成为批判反思型教师:内涵及其途径——托马斯大学Stephen D.Brookfield教授访谈

斯蒂芬.D.布鲁克菲尔德(Stephen D.Brookfield)教授从批判理论的传统出发来探讨教师的反思。他将反思看作教师不断学习、探究自己教学的方式。当教师开展批判性反思时,他们实际上是对自己作为成人学习者有更清晰的意识;通过反思,教师持续地了解自身,了解他们与同事的关系,了解他们如何对学生施加影响。批判反思型教师不断质疑自己带到教学中的前提假设,尤其是课堂中的权力关系及其相互转换;确保课堂中的权力和权威被负责任地使用从而有助于支持学生的学习,而不是被误用或滥用而使学生感到不公或无益,或者是被胁迫或压制。他提出,每一位教师都可以运用从学生那里收集来的反馈信息、同事的感受、理论学习和对自身经验的反思这四条途径来探查自身的教学假设,寻求教学实践的改善。     

大学的忧虑,忧虑的大学——有感于重温博克讲话之时

一所不断取得伟大成就的大学,正是一所不断忧虑和看到自己危险的大学,没有这种忧虑可能就成不了优秀的大学。大学忧虑包括外部环境和自身两方面的原因。大学不是商业机构,不是政府机构,不是军事机构,大学就是大学自己。大学忧虑社会环境的同时,要始终知道什么是自己应该做的,"什么是大学决不能做的"。那些大学所忧虑的事项或者对象,正是大学忧虑的原由。当忧虑的大学不再忧虑时,大学已不再是大学;当忧虑的民族不再忧虑了的时候,民族的灾难正在降临在头上。当人民可以自由地嘻笑怒骂之时,当大学可以自由地表达之时,真正灿烂的文化亦必形成和发展,大学谓之大学,民族谓之兴旺发达。     

Morality,Culture, and Modernity: Challenges to the University

This author focuses on the ethical aspects of conducting university research and teaching. What function does the university perform in making the contemporary world more humane, and what threats are connected today with this mission? Scientific work is, of course, also practised outside the university, and teaching does not have to follow the university model; however it cannot be denied that the university is a ubiquitous scientific and educational institution, the values of which should be remembered and emphasized in light of modern scientific and cultural developments. This paper highlights first the features specific to the university, with an emphasis on educational and cultural production. Next, the challenges faced by the university in the context of modern civilization are addressed. To conclude, a few personal observations about moral dimensions and challenges are shared.     

Dr. John R. Emens: President,Ball State University 1945-1968

When your student teacher is planning instruction, you might ask him to state his objectives in behavioral terms. Such statements may make the lesson more meaningful to both the student teacher and his pupils.     

Okano,Kaori and Tsuchiya,Motonori. 1999. Education in Contemporary Japan: Inequality and Diversity. Cambridge,UK: Cambridge University Press.

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