学前残疾儿童家长亲职压力干预研究

通过为期两个月共八次的小组辅导活动对12名学前残疾儿童母亲进行干预,以考察小组干预对降低学前残疾儿童母亲亲职压力水平的有效性和适用性。结果表明:(1)实验组和对照组小组干预后亲职压力反应水平存在显著差异,实验组亲职压力反应总分及情绪症状、行为症状和精神症状得分显著低于对照组;小组干预效果稳定;(2)小组干预对学前残疾儿童母亲的身体症状和心智症状影响不显著。     

音乐治疗干预孤独症儿童语言发展的案例分析

采用音乐治疗干预孤独症儿童的语言能力的方法,研究了音乐治疗对孤独症儿童语言发展的效果。将具有语言障碍的孤独症儿童分为2组,即治疗组和对照组,对治疗组的儿童进行音乐治疗干预,经过三个月的干预治疗后,测试治疗组与对照组儿童的语言能力。结果显示:经过三个月的音乐治疗干预,可以有效的提升孤独症儿童的语言能力。     

An inclusion initiative in Singapore for preschool children with special needs

This paper describes a preschool inclusion initiative in Singapore, which currently has no mandate for integrating children with special needs in mainstream schools. This very small-scale qualitative study involving children with mild learning disabilities discusses a therapy outreach programme by a local children's hospital. It explores the supports and challenges of this experience based on interviews with therapists, teachers, principals, and parents. Facilitators of inclusion included communication, collaboration, availability of training and resources, and a readiness for inclusion. Barriers to inclusion included person-related hindrances, structural obstacles, gaps in programme delivery, and limited specialized training and resources. We learned that in the absence of mandatory provisions for inclusion, children with special needs can be supported in regular education when there is “buy in” for early inclusion and intervention amongst key stakeholders. Practical strategies toward this end are discussed.     

提高自闭症幼儿装扮游戏能力的教育干预研究

为探索提高自闭症幼儿装扮游戏能力的教育干预方法和途径 ,采用了变异 -个案研究法 ,对两名实际年龄为 5 9、6 1个月 ,心理年龄为 30、31个月的自闭症幼儿 ,进行了为时 11个月的教育干预研究。通过量和质的分析检验 ,证明了教育干预的有效性。结果表明 ,教师和家长以及同伴与自闭症幼儿能每天在一起进行 30 - 40分钟的装扮游戏 ,并在这个过程中给予积极的情感支持和鼓励行为 ,能有效地促进自闭症幼儿装扮游戏水平的提高。     

美国自闭症儿童融合教育研究综述及启示

融合教育作为当代国际教育发展的潮流,为特殊教育和普通教育提供了新的发展机遇,同时也给二者的发展带来巨大挑战.自闭症儿童融合教育为融合教育注入新鲜血液的同时也向教育者提出了更高要求.在此背景下,本文从自闭症儿童融合教育的安置形式、成就与挑战和影响因素三个方面对美国相关研究进行梳理分析,以引起我国对自闭症儿童融合教育的重视,并指出我国自闭症儿童融合教育的发展方向.     

Changing cognitions in parents of two‐year‐olds attending Scottish Sure Start centres

The study examined how preschool intervention programmes set up by three Scottish local authorities changed parents’ cognitions. Quantitative parent outcomes were measured using Parenting Daily Hassles Scales (N = 88). A matched comparison group of parents (N = 55) recruited from the same areas of disadvantage but whose children did not attend the intervention programmes also completed questionnaires. Qualitative outcomes were evaluated using semi‐structured interviews (N = 30). A significant group × time interaction effect was found for daily hassle cognitions, Parenting Task–Intensity, Challenging Behaviour–Frequency and Challenging Behaviour–Intensity, with comparison group parents showing an increase in their experience of hassles during the ‘terrible twos’ compared with intervention group parents. Complementary qualitative data indicated that intervention group parents had gained valuable new insights into their children’s behaviour, changing how they thought about their role as parents and their behavioural and developmental expectations of their children. Implications for parental engagement in preschool programmes are discussed.     

国外关于残疾儿童早期干预中父亲参与的研究综述

父亲参与在残疾儿童的早期干预领域越来越受到重视.本文对1980年以来国外学者对父亲参与残疾儿童早期干预的相关研究进行综述.研究表明,父亲参与残疾儿童早期干预的程度较低;父亲在参与残疾儿童早期干预的过程中面临压力大小、压力种类和应对压力的方式与母亲有所不同;父亲参与早期干预对残疾儿童的语言能力和游戏能力有促进作用;残疾儿童本身、父母亲关系以及干预项目的设置会对父亲参与早期干预的积极性产生影响.当前研究中存在研究地域狭窄、研究方法单一和忽视父亲需求等问题,要多开展跨文化研究,尝试使用质性研究方法以及关注父亲的实际需求.     

孤独症儿童的早期干预——三元训练体系的构建与实践

孤独症儿童的教育训练在中国大陆已有近20年历史,虽然其病因尚无公认之定论,但医学界、教育界、心理学界、康复界的同仁都在努力探索治疗、康复和教育的方法。本文作者通过十几年的临床教育实践和研究,提出综合性的康复训练方法——三元训练体系,并取得初步成效。     

Understanding the dynamics between preterm infants and their families

The high‐tech environment of the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) may seem a million miles away from the classroom, but the baby who has been born prematurely, wired up in an incubator in the former, will in five years' time be a learner in the other. The journeys through our education system of children who have survived premature birth to become learners are causing teachers, psychologists, therapists and carers to explore innovative learning pathways, new psychological and therapeutic interventions, and creative care approaches to meet their needs. While much is known about the serious physical and sensory problems of preterm babies, less is known about their psychological, educational and socio‐emotional difficulties. This article attempts to identify key targets for holistic intervention with families of premature infants. An approach used at the Champion Early Intervention Centre (Burwood Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand) is described, from which practitioners of school‐aged children can draw teaching and learning implications.     

从神经可塑性角度探究自闭症早期干预的有效性

早期干预是国内外自闭症领域的研究热点,大量的实证研究表明早期干预能够有效改善自闭症的早期症状,特别是对于处在发展关键期的儿童。早期干预能够促进大脑沿着正常的轨迹发展,从而对早期发展中的大脑产生根本的影响。     

Improving outcomes for young children: can we narrow the gap?

This article explores the considerable developments in both early years policy and in the provision of services for young children in England since 1997, noting the role that such services have had in informing the broader Every child matters agenda. Many challenges remain, however, not least the numbers of children and families who still live in poverty and the continuing gap between those children who do well and those who do not. In examining how this gap can be narrowed, through intervention and support during the early years, the work of the Narrowing the Gap project is described, a project that continues with the Centre for Excellence and Outcomes in Children’s Services (C4EO). Whilst high‐quality early years services provide a very positive start in life for young children, reducing inequality remains the key priority.     

英国自闭谱系障碍儿童的早期家庭干预

自闭谱系障碍通常被描述为一种起病于3岁之前,以明显的社会交往障碍、言语沟通异常以及刻板的兴趣、奇特的行为方式为特征的谱系障碍。尽早发现、评估、干预,才能最大程度地开发这类儿童的潜能。英国目前已经拥有较为完善的法律保障体系,以保障自闭谱系障碍儿童的权利及其家庭的参与权利。\"不只是语言\"\"早起的鸟\"等早期家庭干预模式均重视家长的参与,旨在形成由专业人员指导、家长执行并合作解决问题的干预体系,促进自闭谱系障碍儿童发展。英国的经验值得借鉴。     

送教上门儿童家庭教养方式与适应行为的关系研究

研究探讨了送教上门特殊儿童的家庭教养方式与其适应行为发展水平间的关系.主要以广东省佛山市接受送教上门服务的特殊儿童家长为研究对象,采用家庭教养方式问卷和儿童适应行为量表作为研究工具,对162名送教上门学生家长进行问卷调查.结果 表明:送教上门特殊儿童的家庭教养方式与适应行为存在相关,溺爱性教养方式与该类儿童的自我管理负...     

学习不良儿童的教育干预案例研究

学习不良儿童可以概括为发展性学习不良、学业性学习不良与行为-情绪性学习不良等主要类型。通过对三个不同的典型案例的分析诊断,提出了具体切实可行的教育干预措施。     

智力障碍儿童环境生态课程的家庭教育模式初探

本文以环境生态课程的新理念论述了智力障碍儿童家庭教育模式的重要性 ,对环境生态课程的家庭教育模式的结构、教育环节和操作流程进行了说明。在此基础上 ,我们阐述了在家庭教育模式中如何运用家庭环境分析评估、中介系统的支持和微观环境的调适 ,改变家庭环境 ,开发家庭潜能 ,重视儿童本身与其具体生活环境的互动 ,使环境生态课程在智力障碍儿童家庭教育中得以应用 ,培养智力障碍儿童适应社会环境的能力 ,满足其生涯发展需要。