Metadata for Geographic Information

Abstract

Users of geographic data may not be able to afford to purchase and implement a dataset that does not finally meet their needs. Therefore, metadata has a very important role in the information supply environment of geographic data. The development of national/local spatial data infrastructures recognizes the importance of metadata, as do the digital libraries providing spatial data.

The new ISO 19115:2003 standard of metadata for geographic information is introduced briefly. In particular, geographic information can be made available as digital maps (or images) that are meant for visual use, or as datasets meant for computational use. Metadata for digital maps is closely related to the metadata elements for conventional maps and can be enhanced by providing a sample map with the data. The case of computational use of geographic data is more complex. There are several details that may appear crucial when determining the fitness of data for an intended use. Understanding the importance of the crucial factors in each use case requires professional skills from the users of metadata.     

Comparison of metadata quality in open data portals using the Analytic Hierarchy Process

The quality of metadata in open data portals plays a crucial role for the success of open data. E-government, for example, have to manage accurate and complete metadata information to guarantee the reliability and foster the reputation of e-government to the public. Measuring and comparing the quality of open data is not a straightforward process because it implies to take into consideration multiple quality dimensions whose quality may vary from one another, as well as various open data stakeholders who – depending on their role/needs – may have different preferences regarding the dimensions’ importance. To address this Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem, and since data quality is hardly considered in existing e-government models, this paper develops an Open Data Portal Quality (ODPQ) framework that enables end-users to easily and in real-time assess/rank open data portals. From a theoretical standpoint, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to integrate various data quality dimensions and end-user preferences. From a practical standpoint, the proposed framework is used to compare over 250 open data portals, powered by organizations across 43 different countries. The findings of our study reveals that today’s organizations do not pay sufficient heed to the management of datasets, resources and associated metadata that they are currently publishing on their portal.     

中美韩三国八大搜索引擎多媒体检索比较分析

文章采用网络调查及文献调研法,从图片检索、音乐检索和视频检索三方面对中国的百度、Sogou和Soso,韩国的Naver、Nate和Daum,美国的Google和Yahoo!八大搜索引擎提供的多媒体检索服务进行分析与测评。调查结果显示,Yahoo!不提供音乐检索,其余调查对象都提供图片检索、视频检索和音乐检索三项服务。大多数搜索引擎公司的图片检索和视频检索都支持高级检索功能,Daum导入了语义检索,Google和Yahoo!引入了安全检索服务过滤有害信息。     

数字权限管理元数据及其在数字图书馆中的应用*

介绍了数字权限管理元数据的现状以及目前最具影响的两种权限表达元数据,分析了数字权限管理元数据在数字图书馆中的应用。本文认为,以电子商务为主要目的的权限管理元数据在现阶段还不能很好地满足数字图书馆的要求。     

图书馆信息资源整合及元数据应用

介绍目前图书馆信息资源整合建设的发展现状,重点探讨基于OPAC系统整合、基于信息资源管理的导航整合和基于统一检索 平台整合等模式及相关元数据技术的应用。提出基于知识的整合是图书馆信息资源整合的目标,分析知识整合中相关元数据技术、元数 据之元数据技术Ontology的应用情况。     

The Relationship of Metadata to Item Circulation

This study analyzes the relationship between online public access catalog (OPAC) searches entered in a small academic library's catalog and the circulation of items during the same time period. Rather than identifying all searches resulting in a reasonable number of retrievals as successful, searches in this study were determined most useful if items on the results list were subsequently borrowed from the library. This comparison of search results with subsequent material checkouts indicates which metadata elements seem most useful to searchers, and suggests ways libraries might use this knowledge to enhance their users’ search experiences.     

跨网关整合检索和整合浏览机制

介绍跨网关门户的3个层次,着重分析跨网关整合检索的检索协议、元数据格式和著录标引问题,提出可能的解决机制,并进-步探讨跨网关整合浏览的技术线路和基于分类映射的实现机制.     

Ebooks Versus Print Books: Format Preferences in an Academic Library

When a scholarly monograph is made available in both print and electronic formats, which format will users prefer? This study analyzed monograph usage data from three university presses in the University of Toronto Libraries' collections, comparing print and ebook usage patterns of identical titles. The goal was to examine format preferences and determine whether there are differences in usage across subject disciplines or publishers. The study showed that although in many cases users preferred one format over another, they used books in both formats. If a subject was popular, usage tended to be high for both formats, and if unpopular, low for both formats. The data also indicated that there were some noticeable differences in ebook usage for particular subjects, and the authors concluded that format does matter and therefore it is desirable for libraries to provide both formats if possible. The study also highlighted how critical metadata are in promoting the use of electronic resources. If there were no ebook metadata within the library catalog, the ebook usage was low. This analysis adds to a growing body of literature in user preferences on book formats that can assist libraries in making better-informed decisions in collection building.     

大数据时代的图书馆服务浅析

大数据与云计算是近两年IT界最为流行的两个关键词,各大IT厂商也都看到了大数据所蕴含的商业价值并展开了一定的产品研发与商业应用。在大数据时代,图书馆的数据处理及服务将会发生显著的变化,从大量的数据集中去分析和挖掘潜在的价值,以便图书馆决策层及时做出相应的建设方案调整将成为图书馆的一大主要业务,图书馆服务也将随着图书馆服务策略的调整而做出服务方式、途径等方面的改变。     

Searching for a New Way to Reach Patrons: A Search Engine Optimization Pilot Project at Binghamton University Libraries

ABSTRACT

Search engine use is one of the most popular online activities. According to a recent OCLC report, nearly all students start their electronic research using a search engine instead of the library Web site. Instead of viewing search engines as competition, however, librarians at Binghamton University Libraries decided to employ search engine optimization strategies to make their Web site more visible on the search engine result pages. Although search engine optimization is used frequently by commercial Web sites, few libraries have attempted to optimize their own sites. This article describes Binghamton University's experiences in developing and implementing an optimization pilot project. The research presented in this article has importance for libraries who may be considering an optimization project for their own sites.     

Public Health GIS and the Internet

Abstract

Internet access and use of georeferenced public health information for GIS application will be an important and exciting development for the nation's Department of Health and Human Services and other health agencies in this new millennium. Technological progress towards public health geospatial data integration, analysis, and visualization of space-time events using the Web portends eventual robust use of GIS by public health and other sectors of the economy. Increasing Web resources from distributed spatial data portals and global geospatial libraries, and a growing suite of Web integration tools, will provide new opportunities to advance disease surveillance, control and prevention, and insure public access and community empowerment in public health decision making. Emerging supercomputing, data mining, and compression and transmission technologies will play increasingly critical roles in national emergency, catastrophic planning and response, and risk management. Web-enabled public health GIS will be guided by Federal Geographic Data Committee spatial metadata, OpenGIS Web interoperability, and GML/XML geospatial Web content standards. Public health will become a responsive and integral part of rhe National Spatial Data Infrastructure.     

A scientometric look at calendar events

Using an application of scientometric methodology to the analysis of scientific communication, relationships between number of submissions of scientific articles and calendar events (e.g., festive seasons, weekend vacations, national public holidays, Chinese New Year, Christmas) are examined quantitatively. With regard to the aim of understanding the complexities of these relationships, the time series include weekly, monthly, and seasonal variations on the basis of Received Date as reported on the Article History of the Elsevier paper format. Data records are collected during twenty-year (1990–2010) and one-year periods – as case study – ended 31 December 2008. The analysis shows that the overall submission rates are strongly influenced by calendar events.     

Application of semi-automatic metadata generation in libraries: Types, tools, and techniques

Analysis of a survey of the types and extent of tools and techniques related to semi-automatic metadata generation applied in real-world library settings indicates that practical applications in libraries seem to be at an incipient stage. More than half (n  = 149, 52.5%) of the survey participants (n  = 285) specify that semi-automatic metadata generation has not been utilized for metadata creation and management in their libraries. This figure becomes even higher when adding the response “don't know,” constituting an additional 13.7%. The results of the survey also show that the semi-automatic metadata generation tools described by participants mostly concern metadata format conversion (38.6%) and metadata templates and forms (27%) for populating certain metadata values. Complex tools and the generation and extraction of metadata directly from the content and context of the digital objects are rarely applied in libraries. This indicates that more research is needed on the development of automatic metadata generation for semantic metadata in usable and practical settings.     

Discovery Products and the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting

Discovery products promise to offer library patrons one-stop shopping for library resources. In order to accomplish this, they harvest metadata from various library databases and repositories such as integrated library systems, institutional repositories, and digital libraries. Discovery products then index this metadata along with the metadata for resources from the discovery service into a single product for search. The most common method used to harvest local metadata is the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). This column first looks at discovery, then it describes OAI-PMH and some of the issues involved with effectively harvesting library metadata.     

海外基于开源软件的典型科研数据共享服务平台案例研究

[目的/意义] 对海外基于开源软件的典型科研数据共享服务平台案例进行调研,从技术、内容、功能、应用等几个层面,梳理总结其特征和建设运营经验,从而为我国科研数据平台建设和科研数据管理提供有益经验。[方法/过程] 以Fedora系统和Dataverse系统所构建的四个科研数据共享服务平台（SDR、DC、OIAD、HD）为调研主体,阐述平台基本架构,探讨平台技术、内容和主要功能。[结果/结论] 4个平台所使用的软件技术相似,基本模块和主要功能各不相同,但都是以科研数据资源开放共享为目的所构建的平台。建议我国建设科研数据共享服务平台,需要综合考虑政策内容、用户与资源、合作关系及教育培训等方面内容。     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Academic Libraries as Digital Gateways: Linking Students to the Burgeoning Wealth of Open Online Collections

ABSTRACT

Digital collections of full-text e-books are proliferating on the Web and provide a wealth of open content for students. To examine whether academic libraries are providing a digital gateway to these resources, ten e-book titles from open digital collections were searched in the online catalogs and Web pages of ten academic libraries serving distance learners. Only three of the digital collection e-books were available from any of the library catalogs, and none were found on library Web pages. Availability of the ten e-book titles through Google and other digital discovery tools also had mixed results. Continued projects for improved delivery of open online content are necessary. In order to fulfill their role as digital gateways for their academic communities, libraries must pursue metadata standards to support cross-searching, collaborative projects, and development of e-resource search software, which integrates with the library catalog.