高师学生数学观的意义及教学策略

高师学生的数学观是数学观研究的重要组成部分。高师学生形成良好的数学观是高师数学教育的重要内容和目标,是高师学生主动和高效学习的需要,是提高他们数学文化素养的重要途径,也是适应未来从事基础教育工作的需要。因此,高师数学教育应确立多元的教学目标;调整课程、修订教材;在专业课程的教学中渗透和强化数学观教育;提高教师的教育观念和数学素养;探索有利于数学观教育的评价标准,以促进高师生正确数学观的形成。     

论数学教学的"人课合一"

在普通高中提高学生的数学素养需要教学中的"人课合一","人课合一"就是在数学教学中人与人、人与课之间形成的自然和谐的关系,使学生的数学学习源于自然、回归自然.它以课程观、教学观、学习现、数学观为理论基础,在实现途径上需要做到:教师与学生自然融洽的关系,教师与教材合一,学生与教材合一,教师、学生与课堂的合一.     

试析数学建构性教学中教师的作用

建构主义的数学学习观 ,对教师在数学教学中的作用需要作出新的认识 :教师是学生数学学习活动的促进者 ;教师要为学生的数学学习活动创造一个良好的学习环境 ;教师要了解学生的需求信息 ;教师要培养学生的自我调控能力     

数学课堂教学模式的改革

树立正确的数学教学观,掌握合理的数学教学策略是进行数学课程改革、搞好数学教学的根本保证。为使数学教学顺利、高效地进行,在教学中,教师要激发学生的学习积极性,向学生提供充分从事数学活动的机会,这需要教师改革现行的数学课堂教学模式。     

中学数学教师数学教学观的现状调查研究

中学数学教师是数学教学的实践者,他们的数学教学观直接影响看中学数学教学的质量.研究发现,中学数学教师数学教学观总体上来说还是比较符合我国数学教学的发展的,但是在调查中也看到还有一少部分教师的数学教学观需要完善.     

勤动口,多思考——小学数学语言表达探析

数学教学过程中使用的数学语言是指导学生进行数学学习和思考的指挥棒,并且搭建起了知识与学生之间的桥梁。随着时代的发展,教学需要不断地改革以适应更高层次的标准。数学课堂上教学的语言也成为检验广大教师教学成败的一个因素。现今,教师也重视对数学课堂的教学语言进行探究。本文对小学数学教学的语言表达进行探析。     

小学数学教学要重视数学语言教学

在许多教师看来,数学语言也许是与学生的学习和成长毫无关系的一件事情,那是语文课堂上学生需要学习的知识.数学语言在大部分数学课堂上也是缺少较为严重的一部分内容,但实际上在教学数学知识的时候,数学语言是渗透在学生学习的各个方面的,比如说学生读题、审题、掌握各种数学定义的时候,都离不开数学语言.所以说,在教学小学数学的时候,还需要重视数学语言教学.     

浅谈如何准确运用小学数学课堂教学语言

小学数学课堂教学中,教学语言艺术运用具有非常重要的意义。教师要注意小学数学课堂语言的表达方式和质量。从数学学科的语言教学观和行为出发、从小学生所处年龄阶段的特点出发,使用科学规范、简洁有效的数学课堂教学语言。注意小学数学课堂语言运用的简洁明快、有的放矢和形象生动等问题。     

数学文化与数学教学

数学是人类的一种文化，它的内容、方法和语言是现代文明的重要组成部分。这就要求新时期的教师在数学教学中必须树立全新的观念，在教学中体现数学的文化价值，增强数学的“人文性”，并注重培养学生的创新能力，帮助学生树立正确的数学观。     

职前、职后数学教师数学观差异探究

正一、提出问题数学教师的数学观影响着数学教育活动中的教与学。在数学教学中,教师不仅需要关注学生学科知识的传授与训练,还要传达给学生数学学科所蕴含的人文价值与情感态度价值观。要想在教学中达到这个目的,需要数学教师具有扎实的专业知识与技能,丰厚的人文素养与科学的数学观。一般来说,数学观就是对数学的看法和认识,即回答的是"数学是什么"的问题。由于教育经历和教学经验的不同,     

Student gender stereotypes: contrasting the perceived maleness and femaleness of mathematics and language

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gender stereotypes endorsed by elementary and high school students regarding mathematics and language. We developed a questionnaire allowing students to rate mathematics and language as either male or female domains and administered it to a sample of 984 elementary and high school French‐speaking Canadian students (Grades 6, 8, and 10). Results showed that, with the exception of Grade 6 boys, students did not believe that mathematics was a male domain, or even conceived of mathematics as a predominantly female domain, suggesting that the traditional stereotype favouring boys in mathematics might have changed over the past few years. Moreover, language was clearly viewed as a female domain. Overall, our findings suggest that boys seem to be in need of encouragement in school, especially regarding language, where the advantage given to girls is particularly salient.     

数学建模教学与数学语言能力的培养

数学语言是表达数学思想的专门语言,使用数学语言是重要的数学素养.掌握数学语言的特点、表达形式、确定语义和语法,在学习数学中有举足轻重的作用.借助数学建模教学可使学生学会使用数学语言,发展学生的数学思维,培养数学学习兴趣,提高数学素养.     

Cross-lagged cross-subject bidirectional predictions among achievements in mathematics,English language and Chinese language of school children

This study aimed to explore the cross-lagged association of achievements in mathematics and languages. While the effect of language on achievements in mathematics is well-documented, few studies have examined the reciprocal relationships among mathematics, the Chinese language and the English language in the same study. This study conducted a secondary analysis of longitudinal achievement data collected through the Territory-wide System Assessment (TSA) in Hong Kong. The sample comprised 48,547 third-grade, unbalanced bilingual students who were measured three times over six years: in 2007 (in Grade 3), 2010 (Grade 6) and 2013 (Grade 9). Multilevel cross-lagged analysis found prior achievement in a subject was the strongest predictor of achievement in that subject three years later. Furthermore, cross-subject bidirectional prediction was found among achievements in mathematics, Chinese language and English language for students from Grade 3 to Grade 6 and from Grade 6 to Grade 9.     

Goal importance and students at risk of having language difficulties: an underexplored aspect of student motivation

The purpose of this study was to compare the motivational determinants of students at risk of language difficulties (in reading and spelling) and students with high language skills. Teachers' evaluations in language and mathematics at the end of the academic year constituted the dependent variable. Motivational orientations were examined using the constructs that reflect the theory of planned behavior and goal importance. Participants were 202 elementary school students-22 at risk of language difficulties and 180 with high language skills-drawn from 30 elementary schools in northern Greece. The results indicated that the two groups differed significantly, with the at-risk students exhibiting significantly lower perceptions of goal importance, intention to achieve, belief strength, outcome evaluation, and normative beliefs, and eventually scoring lower in language and mathematics at the end of the academic year. A finer analysis of students' motivational orientations was conducted using covariance structural modeling (CSM) and EQS 5.7b. The planned behavior model with goal importance produced a comparative fit index (CFI) of 1.00 in language and mathematics for the at-risk group. The respective CFIs for the high language skills group were .97 and 1.00 in language and mathematics, respectively. Although model fit was excellent across samples, different weights and signs linking motivational orientations to achievement partly explained the observed differences in language and mathematics manifested in the two groups.     

Teaching Mathematics in Multilingual Classrooms

In this paper we present the way in which language issues have become a relevant factor in research which aims to study the socio-cultural aspects of mathematics education in classrooms with a high percentage of immigrant students. Our research on language issues focuses on two aspects, namely the language as a social tool within the mathematics classroom and the language as a vehicle in the construction of mathematical knowledge. We introduce our problem within this area and provide a rationale for our research methodology, not avoiding its drawbacks,but rather giving examples of the kinds of difficulties we encountered. The paper highlights the integrated nature of the social, cultural and linguistic aspects of mathematics teaching and learning, and illustrates the fact that, even if the mathematical language can be considered universal, the language of ‘doing mathematics within the classroom’ is far from being universal. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Linguistic and cultural factors in the readability of mathematics texts: the Whorfian hypothesis revisited with evidence from the South African context

South Africa is a country of many languages and cultures. Education is mostly in English which implies that about 80% of all secondary school students are second language learners. Currently many mathematical problems are posed in real-life contexts. This not only introduces more language in mathematics texts, but also more issues related to culture. When considering the influence on readability, it is difficult to disentangle the role of linguistic and cultural factors and this in turn seems to be a manifestation of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. The study was therefore guided by research questions such as: what linguistic and cultural factors in the ordinary language of mathematics texts influence readability? Protocol analysis was used with students aged 17–18 years to establish readability problems. Linguistic as well as cultural factors were identified and the hypothesis that improved readability of mathematics assignments improves achievement was confirmed in a number of cases. Writers of mathematics texts should therefore consider linguistic as well as cultural factors when writing for different reading audiences. Other conclusions address teaching and examination practice.     

Recognition and development of academic talent in educationally disadvantaged students

Abstract

We studied 36 students identified as “educationally disadvantaged” who scored above average on standardized achievement tests and completed a program to reinforce their academic skills in either language arts or mathematics. We pretested and posttested an additional (control) group of 28 students who received no instructional intervention. We found a significant effect of the instructional intervention for both achievement and aptitude test scores in language arts as well as mathematics. Gains in mathematics were significantly greater than in language arts. After instructional intervention, the majority of students were eligible and academically qualified for challenging gifted‐talented programs. These findings are consistent with two other similar research projects using the same instructional program and model, suggesting stability of results. We discuss implications of this study for identifying and developing academic talent in such a population.     

Effectiveness of bilingual education in Cambodia: a longitudinal comparative case study of ethnic minority children in bilingual and monolingual schools

There is little research in the developing countries of South East Asia on the effectiveness of bilingual education programmes that use first language instruction for ethnic minority children. This study investigated the effectiveness of a bilingual education programme involving ethnic minority children in Cambodia by comparing their performance in mathematics, Khmer literacy and oral Khmer to their ethnic minority peers whose education is in the national language only. The findings show that students in the bilingual schools performed better in mathematics than their peers in the monolingual schools, but the differences in Khmer literacy and oral Khmer test scores were statistically insignificant. The study suggests that bilingual education using first language instruction could benefit academic development among ethnic minority students in Cambodia, at least in terms of mathematics achievement.     

The influence of English-Korean bilingualism in solving mathematics word problems

The purpose of this study was to investigate language related difficulties and the language of cognitive processes of English-Korean bilingual students in solving mathematics word problems. Qualitative case study research methodology was used to collect, analyze, and present data. The principle of purposeful sampling was used to select six English-Korean bilingual students. Different types of bilinguals revealed distinct patterns of difficulties and languages in solving mathematics word problems written in English and Korean. Children in the transition stage that is unstable and changing revealed more difficulties in solving the mathematics word problems overall.This article is a summary of doctoral dissertation under the direction of James W. Wilson at the University of Georgia.     

Relationship between affect and achievement in science and mathematics in Malaysia and Singapore

Background : The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assesses the quality of the teaching and learning of science and mathematics among Grades 4 and 8 students across participating countries.

Purpose : This study explored the relationship between positive affect towards science and mathematics and achievement in science and mathematics among Malaysian and Singaporean Grade 8 students.

Sample : In total, 4466 Malaysia students and 4599 Singaporean students from Grade 8 who participated in TIMSS 2007 were involved in this study.

Design and method : Students’ achievement scores on eight items in the survey instrument that were reported in TIMSS 2007 were used as the dependent variable in the analysis. Students’ scores on four items in the TIMSS 2007 survey instrument pertaining to students’ affect towards science and mathematics together with students’ gender, language spoken at home and parental education were used as the independent variables.

Results : Positive affect towards science and mathematics indicated statistically significant predictive effects on achievement in the two subjects for both Malaysian and Singaporean Grade 8 students. There were statistically significant predictive effects on mathematics achievement for the students’ gender, language spoken at home and parental education for both Malaysian and Singaporean students, with R ² = 0.18 and 0.21, respectively. However, only parental education showed statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement for both countries. For Singapore, language spoken at home also demonstrated statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement, whereas gender did not. For Malaysia, neither gender nor language spoken at home had statistically significant predictive effects on science achievement.

Conclusions : It is important for educators to consider implementing self-concept enhancement intervention programmes by incorporating ‘affect’ components of academic self-concept in order to develop students’ talents and promote academic excellence in science and mathematics.