怀特海过程哲学视域下的教育节奏与目的论

过程即实在,实在必定千姿百态。教育虽有基本的阶段划分,但个体自然节奏迥异。遵循共性规律并尊重个性差异的教育节奏,感受过程,是本真教育目的达成的基本前提,而真正的教育目的指导下的教育节奏也必然尊重规律、尊重个体差异。借助怀特海《教育的目的》中提出的“教育的节奏”这一教育原则及其分化出来的三个阶段,与教育的目的对应起来,通过浪漫阶段的随性自由与教育的无目的性、精确阶段的定向引导与教育让人成为最好的自己和综合运用阶段的自觉自为与人的自我实现三个层次的阐释,可以厘清遵循教育节奏就可实现人自我发展的教育目的这一教育之道,更有益于提升人们对教育目的的深入认识和教育理念建构,从而推动现世教育趋向于人的精神建构之发展。     

中国教育哲学的世纪回顾与展望

20世纪的中国教育哲学 ,以学习杜威教育哲学思想为初始 ,后又有马克思主义教育思想的传播 ,初步建立了教育哲学学科体系。新中国成立后 ,尤其是 2 0世纪80年代以来 ,在马克思主义指导下 ,教育哲学的学科体系更加完善和发展 ,在挖掘民族的教育哲学思想历史的同时 ,又关注西方教育哲学的发展。未来教育哲学的发展趋势是 :向具体研究领域深入 ;加强研究的国际化 ;进一步发挥教育哲学的批判功能和理想引导功能     

Towards a process theory of learning: Feeling the beauty of the world

Alfred North Whitehead's theory of learning is best understood in the overall context of his process philosophy. The rhythmic cycles of growth forming the basis of human learning (romance, precision, and generalisation) are organically connected to the characteristics of life typifying all entities in the universe (self-enjoyment, creative activity, and aim).The kind of balanced education which best enhances growth and connectedness is one in which art and aesthetic appreciation in the broadest sense are dominant. By experiencing the beauty of the sunset, for example, children and adults have access to feelings that flow through them from the world and connect them to distant events taking place in space and time. These bodily feelings at the base of all experience provide concrete ways in which human beings can appreciate the intrinsic value of the world around them.By way of contrast, the methods of 17th century science replace our concrete experience of the sunset with abstract categories that are used to measure the phenomena in question and deny the importance of that experience in understanding the world. Schools' and universities' emphasis upon this methodology produces an imbalanced education with minds in a groove.A renewal of balance in education helps us to understand the false dichotomy between child-centered and and curriculum-centered education. Education for Whitehead must pay attention to both. Moreover, he understands that the academic freedom enjoyed by bands of imaginative scholars in universities is not an article of commerce to be sold to the highest corporate bidder but something to be valued for its intrinsic worth.     

The Rhythm of the University: Part Two - Whitehead's Break with the Mechanistic Materialism of 17th Century Science

In this second article on the rhythm of the university, I concentrate on Alfred North Whitehead's theory of a distinctive rhythm of research. The narrow assumptions of 17^th century science, which still comprise the dominant paradigm for a good deal of university research, emanate from "the Fallacy of Misplaced Concreteness" and result in "quite unbelievable" abstractions that continue to hold sway over the university as a whole. What is needed is an aesthetic appreciation, grounded in our concrete experience of nature, that enables researchers to recognize our organic connections with the world. In particular, the bodily feelings at the base and forefront of our experience constitute a "vectoral" energetic flow from the universe to our bodies that must be recognized in all research. Fortunately, prominent researchers in diverse disciplines - physics, chemistry, philosophy, theology, economics, and the philosophy of economics - are now using this Whiteheadian paradigm and demonstrating its value to the research community as a whole. In conclusion, Whitehead's theory of the university knits together teaching, learning, administering, and research into a seamless web capable of restoring balance to the postmodern university.     

美育革命性的改革与提升：现代教育技术

我国的传统美育比较重视教学内容而忽略教育技术手段。现代教育技术手段是美育工作的倍乘器,它时美育内容、方法、性质、模式等方面有着全方位教改的促进作用。教师在教学方法、内容设计、结构设计、媒体选择上,应遵循教学规律．进行教学过程的优化设计,使现代教育技术发挥其应有作用。     

高师小教专业舞蹈课程的技术化倾向及解决路径

在美学视野中反思高师小教专业舞蹈课程技术倾向的典型症候及其成因,认为忽视舞蹈作品和学生审美经验的舞蹈教学容易滑入技术化误区,而传统认识论作为舞蹈课程的深层教学论动因加剧了舞蹈教学的技术化倾向。立足于审美经验可以矫正舞蹈课程的技术化倾向,依据高师小学教育专业的培养目标,从课程设置、教学内容选择、教学方法、评价机制等多个方面对此进行了探讨。     

Knowledge and Forms in Plato's Educational Philosophy

In this essay, Mason Marshall argues that Plato's views on Forms play a central role in his educational philosophy. In response to what certain commentators have recently written, Marshall contends that this interpretation not only is accurate but also is advantageous because of how it can help philosophy of education. He also addresses the view, proposed by one philosopher of education, that Plato believes that the most valuable sort of knowledge cannot be fully expressed in words and that the objects of this knowledge are something other than transcendent Forms. Preferable to that view, Marshall argues, is the idea that Plato wants knowledge of Forms which is nonrepresentational.     

The Rhythm of the University: Part One - Teaching, Learning, and Administering in the Whiteheadian Vein

This is the first of two articles examining Alfred North Whitehead's notion of the rhythm of the university. Here, I concentrate on the rhythm of teaching and learning, the importance of academic freedom to an imaginative faculty, and the relationship between Whitehead's own pedagogy and his considerable administrative practice. My purpose is to show how his views enlarge our understanding of universities today.     

浅谈高雅艺术在大学音乐欣赏课中的传播与渗透

大学音乐欣赏教学是大学利用现代教育手段,有计划地培养学生审美素质的一种教育活动,音乐鉴赏能力的提高可以为学生终身喜爱音乐、享受音乐,丰富情感,提高审美打下良好的基础。因此,大学音乐欣赏课的教学方式与教学方法的内容与形式,直接影响学生审美能力的提高。     

高等学校的教学改革及教育观念的转变

现代高等学校的中心任务是培养人才,因此教学工作应成为高校工作的中心环节。目前高校教学面临着种种挑战,教学内容、教学模式到了非改不可的境地。在教学改革中课程教材的改革是核心;教师队伍建设是关键;教育观念的转变是先导。     

Dynamic Assessment of Young Children: Educational and Intervention Perspectives

Dynamic/interactive assessment (DA) has been motivated by the inadequacy of conventional static tests to provide accurate information about the individual's learning ability, specific deficient functions, change processes, and mediational strategies that are responsible for cognitive modifiability. A growing need for DA with young children has emerged recently because decisions about treatment should be made as early as possible. The objectives of this paper are to review the major criticism of the standardized static testing approach, present the theoretical basis of the DA approach, describe current research on DA of young children within educational and intervention perspectives, and suggest some directions for future research. The theoretical foundations of the presented research derive from Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, specifically the zone of proximal development concept, and Feuerstein's mediated learning experience theory. DA has been applied with different clinical and educational groups and was found to be more accurate in reflecting children's learning potential than static tests, especially with minority and learning disabled children. The mediational strategy is also reported as more effective than other intervention approaches (e.g., graduated prompt). The DA approach was found useful in assessing outcome effects of cognitive education programs aimed at enhancing learning how to learn skills. Crucial issues of cost-effectiveness, training, reliability and validity, and generalization are discussed.     

重构自主性作为教育目的:中西耻感取向的积极意义

长时间来,西方罪感文化承接道德自律意义,东方耻感文化则被视为他律。论文尝试消弭此一刻板印象。而自伦敦学派以降,自主性也成为核心的教育目的。论文首先检视伦敦学派对自主性的提出及近年所受的批评,企图说明理性自主观,无须放弃,但须吸纳情感、意志、认同等元素,重构后的自主概念,将更易于与耻感接轨。接着从人类学者雷德菲德大小传统之概念架构,分别从代表大传统的儒家典籍中,诠释耻感在其中扮演自律的积极意义;小传统中,面子(脸)文化,也同步加以反思。论文也从两位西方学者对羞耻的分析,即威廉斯发掘前苏格拉底的希腊传统,以及舍勒对抗来自弗洛伊德泛性的释放本能欲望说,重温耻感在现代生活的积极意义。论文暂时的结论是无论东西方,耻感或面子文化,容或有他律道德的负面意义,但其所设定的外在他人等,若经转化,将能修正西方理性自主近年受到之批评,同时能发掘出道德自律的积极意义。     

E-learning and Evaluation in Modern Educational System

Implementation of information and communication technologies as well as emersion of new user interfaces and web 2.0 technologies changes the way of education system, the way of living and business transactions in general. The way we communicate, operate, produce and live is also changing. In accordance with it, the systems of education change from traditional to modern. The following changes occur： from content delivery to knowledge production, from transfer of knowledge from teachers to students towards encouragement of development and construction of knowledge, from courses and programs changing to the adaptation of the study environment, from the faculty professionalism to the quality of teaching and student learning and the early involvement of students in research work and projects. These occurring changes also affect the students＇ and professors＇ mobility. Here, the word ＂mobility＂ represents not only the student exchange programs and the easier transitions from one＇s home university to a foreign one, but also the way professors conduct their classes. With the development of certain software, students＇ class attendance no longer represents an important factor, as they can now learn from distance using the mentioned software, taking the learning process one step further. In order for above-mentioned changes to occur, the use of e-learning and the development of new tools are almost mandatory. With this in mind, the goal of this paper is to analyze quantitatively the changes that are occurring almost every day that affect the students＇ learning and the professors＇ teaching methods.     

筝技与乐感——古筝演奏中乐感培养的实施

“君子务本,本立而道生。做人是根本,而技巧是末节。”“音乐教育并不是音乐家的教育而首先是人的教育”,乐感的培养实施离不开育人。在长期的磨练和培养过程中,筝技的完善为音乐表现提供了条件,而文化涵养、生活阅历、思想道德规范、育人情感的体验则是培养一个具有真、善、美情操的成功的古筝演奏者的可靠保证。     

教育变革时代教育哲学的自我理解和价值发挥

教育哲学既是教育思想前提的反思,又是教育反思方式的创造,二者相互建构构成了教育哲学的完整内容和方式。教育哲学和教育变革的内在关联既是历史的又是现实的。教育哲学对于教育变革的的价值主要表现在优化人们思考教育变革的思维方式、帮助人们反思教育变革的意义、促进人们教育变革观的成熟、提升人们的教育变革境界四个方面。教育变革时代教育哲学价值的发挥需要我们勇于担当自身的使命。     

昆明市中小学生家庭教育消费调查研究

经济的增长促进了教育的发展，教育的发展推动了教育的消费。而教育的消费又反过来拉动经济的增长。本文通过对昆明市所辖的十四所接受义务教育的中小学的学生、家长以及有关教师进行了实地调查，经过统计，试探分析了家长们的经济意识、消费观念、消费结构及其特点，找出了存在的主要问题，提出了一些看法和建议。     

Reflecting Caring and Power in Early Childhood Education: Recalling Memories of Educational Practices

This paper examines university social science and education students' views of research methodology, especially asking whether a negative research orientation towards quantitative methods exists. Finnish (n?=?196) and US (n?=?122) students answered a questionnaire concerning their views on quantitative, qualitative, empirical, and theoretical methods, their readiness to use quantitative and qualitative methods in their own research, and the difficulties they experienced in quantitative methods' learning. Students were clustered in groups according to their views. Students had varying combinations of views on the methods, that is different research orientations towards methods were found in both countries. Some of the students had a dichotic attitude towards quantitative and qualitative methods; they seemed to “choose their side” between these methods. In both countries a negative research orientation towards quantitative methods was found. It was connected with either difficulties in quantitative methods' learning or with a lower appreciation of empirical methods than that of other students. Major subject and study year had no effect, so the views were not discipline‐specific and students seemed to already have them on entering university. Views were quite stable during the course. A reduction in difficulties experienced with quantitative methods' learning was connected with a lowered over‐appreciation of qualitative methods at the end of the course.     

“教学做合一”思想在幼儿园教育活动中的运用研究

随着社会的不断发展,幼儿教育开始受到广泛关注",教学做合一"理念也开始被各个教师有效应用。对幼儿教育来说,应用这一理念,更加尊重幼儿在学习活动中的主体地位,更符合他们的天性,尤其可以促进幼儿动手能力、操作意识的提高,符合实践教学目标。本文便对其具体运用展开了探讨。     

新中国初期河南教育改革与发展的成就及经验

新中国成立初期是河南教育发展史上一个重要转折时期。这一时期 ,河南教育事业适应经济社会发展的需要 ,开始有计划按比例发展 ;在着手建立人民教育体系过程中 ,在教育制度、教育内容和教育方法诸方面进行了改革 ;贯彻党的知识分子政策 ,努力扩大教师队伍 ,提高教育质量。