时间压力与促销决策信息搜寻的内在关联机制

促销截止日期使消费者必须在较短的时间内实现对决策信息的认知闭合。在不考虑主观时间压力(机会成本感知)时,个人时间约束、促销时间限制(客观时间压力)更易导致消费者依赖经验(直觉)进行决策。此时,促销时间限制对消费者促销决策信息搜寻的影响程度更强,消费者认知闭合的信息参照依赖点往往会集中到产品-价格知识及品牌经验上。在考虑主观时间压力中介效应时,消费者的信息搜寻方式出现了分化,其不仅会依赖直觉经验,还会开展必要的信息搜寻学习(理性思考)。在很大程度上,本研究证明了促销决策过程中的时间压力与因认知闭合需要而导致的信息搜寻具有紧密的内在关联,即,消费者的信息搜寻会因认知闭合需要而往往更偏向于直觉启发式。     

信息共享与共同决策协调策略比较分析

分散控制下的信息共享和集中控制下的共同决策是供应链系统协调的两种重要策略。本文以供应链系统中制造商和零售商之间的Stackelberg博弈模型为基础,研究了随机产品需求条件下信息共享协调与共同决策协调对最优批发价格、最优订货量,以及对制造商、零售商和供应链系统利润的影响,分析了信息共享的条件,提出了共同决策协调下供应链系统利润的两种分割方法:比例系数方法和批发价格协商方法。然后,通过以产品随机需求服从均匀分布情形下模型的计算与仿真进一步证实了理论分析结果。结果表明,信息共享对于制造商而言总是有利的,制造商通过信息共享能够确定其最优产品批发价格并实现其利润最大化,但信息共享的前提是零售商的利润能够得到改善。共同决策协调能够实现供应链系统利润最大化。利润分割系数与批发价格都存在较宽的取值区间可使制造商和零售商在利润分割时能实现"双赢"。供应链系统利润随产品随机需求量期望的增大而增加,随标准差的增大而减小。从供应链系统利润最大化视角来看,共同决策协调优于信息共享协调。     

创业决策形成的微观机制：因果模型检验

 通过对277名创业者的问卷调研,采用结构方程建模技术,对创业决策形成的微观机制做了因果模型检验。研究结果发现,创业警觉性和先验知识是机会识别的直接影响因素,二者通过机会识别影响创业决策。机会识别在创业决策的因果模型中,扮演完全中介的角色。     

A unified perspective on decision making and decision support systems

The lack of consensus on the meaning and role of decision support systems (DSSs), in the market and in academia, indicates that DSS as a field is not maturely defined and modeled. Moreover, an integrated view of the field is necessary to assess the role and value of DSS products and services. Such a view is also a prerequisite for understanding the issues of integration, as well as the potential contributions of artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems (ES). This paper presents a unified and dynamic model showing the relationships of knowledge, information, decision, and action in the decision process. DSS modeling is viewed as a logical deduction of the utility (goal) structure. Using the framework of the model, the sequence and phases of decision making are revised. The concept of situation model is introduced. Four categories of information are addressed: instruction, historical, predicted value of alternatives, and patterns. The role of existing and potential support systems and their evolution toward utilization of ES and AI are discussed.     

An ethical framework in information systems decision making using normative theories of business ethics

As business environments become more complex and reliant on information systems, the decisions made by managers affect a growing number of stakeholders. This paper proposes a framework based on the application of normative theories in business ethics to facilitate the evaluation of IS related ethical dilemmas and arrive at fair and consistent decisions. The framework is applied in the context of an information privacy dilemma to demonstrate the decision making process. The ethical dilemma is analyzed using each one of the three normative theories—the stockholder theory, stakeholder theory, and social contract theory. The challenges associated with the application of these theories are also discussed.     

多指标决策的灰关联逼近理想点法

针对多指标决策问题的特点及其灰性,以灰关联分析理论为基础,探讨了已有灰关联决策分析方法的不足。借助于逼近理想点法的思想、原理,利用灰关联度,给出了衡量各方案接近理想方案的相对接近度的简捷度量式,提出了多指标决策的灰色关联逼近理想点法。实例分析表明,该方法思路清晰,能充分利用决策信息,合理有效,简单实用。     

The role of computer systems in organizational decision making

Decision making is regarded as a key feature of managerial activity. As a result, a considerable amount of research activity has been undertaken that aims to enhance understanding and to improve on the decision‐making process within organizational settings. This research has been paralleled by a technological response in the development of information and communication technology that is heralded by many for its significant potential for improving decision making in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness. This paper examines the complex nature of decision making within organizations and examines the extent to which computer systems may provide effective managerial support in the face of increasing organizational complexity.     

An information system for decision support in national information policy-making and planning

It is widely recognized that national information policies and plans severely suffer from the lack of timely and relevant data which could support decision-making. Through a pilot project sponsored by UNESCO/PGI and a subsequent application project at the Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), an information system is being developed in order tentatively to overcome this obstacle. It consists of several related modules for the control of the internal production at the national agency and of the development projects and their related contracts, and for the monitoring of the information scene, both national and international. The two first modules are based upon the items of standardized work plans. The third one consists of a coherent series of data bases which contain basic information about the actors and components of the information scene, further transformed into single and aggregated numerical values. The latter are themselves aggregated and standardized according to a comprehensive list of variables, which are calculated on an international basis for the upper levels of the system. The system has been designed in order to cater to various perspectives of the information sector and the calculation of specific or composite indicators. It is linked with a bibliographic information system which controls the documents from which part of the data have been extracted, and with a referral system. The principles and examples of practical applications of the system are presented. The prospects and requirements for its full-scale implementation are discussed.     

股票期权激励与资本结构决策

最优契约理论与管理者权力理论是解释高管薪酬激励效果差异的两种重要理论。本文基于资本结构决策视角,从资本结构的调整速度以及最优资本结构的偏离度两方面讨论了以上两种理论的适用性问题。研究发现,与未实施股权激励的样本相比,实施股权激励的样本有着更快的资本结构调整速度,且其与目标资本结构的偏离度也更小,支持最优契约理论。在控制了遗漏变量、样本自选择问题后,该结论依然成立。进一步的研究发现,国有样本中的股权激励与资本结构决策并不存在上述关系。本文的研究结论对优化企业的薪酬激励机制以及完善证监会《上市公司股权激励管理办法》均有一定的启发意义。     

合作研发伙伴选择的模糊多属性决策

建立由6个属性组成的用于选择伙伴的评价指标体系;基于模糊集理论,给出用模糊多属性决策方法来排列伙伴优劣次序的数学模型,并用算例对模型的使用步骤进行说明。     

异构多属性群决策的VIKOR扩展方法

针对具有多个属性集和信息类型的多属性群决策问题,运用模块化的思想,提出一种新的决策方法。首先,将具有不同属性集与信息类型的决策矩阵视为相互独立的模块,按属性将其划分为若干子模块,并对子模块单独进行标准化;然后,计算每个模块中各方案的群体效用值、个体遗憾值和综合评价值。在此基础上,根据专家权重集结所得结果,并据此确定最优折衷方案。最后,通过两个算例验证所提方法的可行性与有效性。     

竞合关系的研究评述

以竞合关系的组建、管理以及绩效为主线,评述竞合关系的研究现状,并展望进一步研究方向。     

大学生职业决策行为研究

基于大学生职业决策所持续的时间对决策中相关因素的影响效应的不同,提出线性决策和堆状决策的职业决策情境概念.并在详细总结和分析已有研究文献和研究成果的基础上,针对不同的职业决策情境,提出我国大学生进行职业决策的有效应对策略.     

基于MAS的高层管理团队决策过程分析

通过对高层管理团队决策过程及其主要活动特点的分析,运用人工智能领域的多agent理论与方法建立了基于MAS的高层管理团队决策过程模型,并阐述了不同阶段的MAS组织模式、运行机制与交互活动特点,为从系统、动态的角度研究高层管理团队的决策过程提供了新的理论、思路和方法。     

应用竞争合作理论分析制药企业R＆D战略联盟及其对策

从制药企业R&D的规模经济和范围经济的角度出发,应用合作竞争理论分析制药企业的R&D战略联盟行为.概括了我国制药企业R&D的现状和存在的问题,对照印度制药企业发展的模式,归纳了我国制药企业R&D战略联盟的模式及其战略决策的参考因素.     

人性假说与企业员工差异化激励方式决策

借助西方人性理论,将企业员工分为实惠型、经济报酬实现型、自我实现型、双重实现型、生存过渡型和多变型,针对各类员工特征,提出目标激励法、物质激励法、适当压力法等差异化激励对策。     

基于循证的理性决策：英国公共科研管理案例研究——对英国研究理事会的独立审查

分析英国科研与创新发展面临的新形势,以英政府委托保罗.纳斯爵士牵头对英国研究理事会的独立审查为案例,剖析了 “互动式参与”方式下的审查实施过程和基于循证的决策建议,分析了独立审查发现和获取的重要线索,研究了审查建议对革新优化公共科研治理结构,推动资源整合、促进合作,拉近科研与决策距离的实现途径,总结了英国公共科研管理改革新举措,提出了对中国推进科技管理改革工作的启示。     

Robot minds and human ethics: the need for a comprehensive model of moral decision making

Building artificial moral agents (AMAs) underscores the fragmentary character of presently available models of human ethical behavior. It is a distinctly different enterprise from either the attempt by moral philosophers to illuminate the “ought” of ethics or the research by cognitive scientists directed at revealing the mechanisms that influence moral psychology, and yet it draws on both. Philosophers and cognitive scientists have tended to stress the importance of particular cognitive mechanisms, e.g., reasoning, moral sentiments, heuristics, intuitions, or a moral grammar, in the making of moral decisions. However, assembling a system from the bottom-up which is capable of accommodating moral considerations draws attention to the importance of a much wider array of mechanisms in honing moral intelligence. Moral machines need not emulate human cognitive faculties in order to function satisfactorily in responding to morally significant situations. But working through methods for building AMAs will have a profound effect in deepening an appreciation for the many mechanisms that contribute to a moral acumen, and the manner in which these mechanisms work together. Building AMAs highlights the need for a comprehensive model of how humans arrive at satisfactory moral judgments.     

Lost in cyberspace: ethical decision making in the online environment

In this study, a 20-item questionnaire was used to elicit undergraduates’ (N = 93) ethical judgment and behavioral intention regarding a number of behaviors involving computers and internet usage. Machiavellianism was found to be uncorrelated with both ethical judgment and behavioral intention. Gender was found to be negatively correlated with both ethical judgment and behavioral intention, such that females judged the behaviors as being less ethical than males, and were less likely to engage in the behaviors than males. A disconnect was found between ethical judgment and behavioral intention, for both males and females, such that the ethical judgment mean for a number of issues was significantly lower (towards the “unethical” end of the continuum) than the behavioral intention mean (towards the “more likely to engage in” end of the continuum). The study raises questions regarding ethical awareness of technology-related issues, and the authors make suggestions for future research.     

不确定环境下企业脱胎换骨式业务转型的一个优化决策模型

在剖析脱胎换骨式业务转型特点的基础上,就企业实施这种转型面临的几个关键性问题进行剖析,并针对其转型方向及转型时机的决策,采用优化理论构建了一个基于实现企业未来价值最大化的决策模型。