国外扫盲教育政策研究

国外扫盲政策涉及的范围十分广泛 ,本文着重围绕有关“文盲”概念的界定、扫除文盲的地位作用、扫盲目标的建立等方面进行论述     

Illiteracy and literacy training in Latin America and the Caribbean

Educationist and linguist. Professional activity in Nicaragua (1980–86) and Ecuador, particularly in the adult education sector. Has been engaged in educational research sine 1980 and has acted as education adviser in a number of countries. Was Director of Education for the Monseñor Léonidas Proaño National Literacy Compaign carried out in Ecuador in 1989. Is currently adviser to the National El Ecuador Estudia Programme. Author of many publications on adult education, including: Nicaragua, revolución popular, educación popular (Mexico City, 1985); Educación popular: un encuentro con Paulo Freire (Quito, 1986); Alfabetización popular: diálogo entre 10 experiencias de Centro-américa y el Caribe (Quito, 1987); Discurso y práctica en educación popular (Quito, 1988; Ijuí, 1988); Entre la acción y la praxis: crónica de un proceso de formación de educadores populares (Quito, 1989); El nombre de Ramona Cuji. Reportajes de la Campaña Nacional de Alfabetización Monseñor Léonidas Proaño' (Quito, 1990).     

On not seeing words: Illiteracy and language

Although literacy is realized in particular ways in different cultures, it also has a universal, cognitive dimension: namely, that skilled reading accentuates the distinction between language and meaning. The study of adult non-readers in literate cultures provides supporting evidence for this argument.     

Problems of Illiteracy in a Literate Developing Society: Sri Lanka

With 87.0% of its population literate, Sri Lanka occupies a high ranking position among South and South-East Asian nations in educational development. The high percentage of literacy achieved through progressive measures in education spanning half a century, however, has led to a state of complacency and less priority being given to efforts at eradicating illiteracy. This paper will focus on a recent study conducted on the incidence of illiteracy in specific disadvantaged communities in the country which indicated that in the present era of technological advancement, lack of literacy will continue to affect the life-chances of people in these communities where the rate of literacy remains much lower than the national average. The study investigates into the factors associated with illiteracy, and the attitudes and perceptions of the communities themselves towards literacy programmes and regarding the modalities and strategies of providing literacy. The implications of the study and the final recommendations drawn up in consultation with the policy makers at national and provincial levels in governmental and non-governmental sectors are also discussed in the paper.     

浅谈新民主主义革命时期毛泽东的扫盲观

新民主主义革命时期,毛泽东从不同情况不同阶段的实际出发,就不同的群体分别进行不同的扫盲认识和支持指导。这篇文章分别从农村农民和军队两个方面来分析毛泽东扫盲的观点和态度。     

Early Warning Signs of Functional Illiteracy: Predictors in Childhood and Adolescence

Early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence determinants of functional literacy in adulthood are investigated, using 20-year longitudinal data from a sample of black children of teenaged mothers from the Baltimore metropolitan area. Document literacy was assessed by a test that consisted of a subset of items of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) adult literacy test. The Baltimore sample is compared to the NAEP sample. Family environmental factors, early childhood developmental level, and educational career factors were considered as predictors of young adulthood literacy. Preschool cognitive and behavioral functioning is highly predictive of literacy in young adulthood, even when the effects of family environmental characteristics, including living arrangements, the quality of the home environment, maternal education, and income, are controlled. Grade failure in elementary school is also associated with literacy, but this effect disappears when the measure of preschool abilities is controlled. Family environmental factors that are predictive of literacy include maternal education, family size in early childhood, maternal marital status, and income in middle childhood and early adolescence. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.     

重庆市江津区德感镇和爱村扫盲亲历记

西南大学扫盲教育研究与培训中心是教育部设立的全国唯一从事扫盲和扫盲后继续教育研究与培训的专门机构。笔者亲临扫盲基地——重庆市德感镇和爱村,通过参观、收集数据、与村民访谈,对扫盲教育有了真实且深刻的认识。整理和总结有效的扫盲经验,提出对策,以利于促进农村扫盲教育的新发展。     

蒙古人民革命胜利后扫盲运动的开展及其意义

在经济基础薄弱、教育环境和教育条件极为不利的情况下,新生的蒙古人民政权制定具体措施,开始了全民扫盲运动。这场声势浩大的扫盲教育运动历经20年,取得了十分明显的成效。扫盲运动的有效开展对蒙古国政治、经济、文化的发展起到了推动作用。     

加强和改进大学生的音乐艺术教育——当前大学生音乐素养缺失引发的思考

通过对在校大学生音乐素养现况进行调查,从教育体制、社会文化环境、家庭教育等方面进行分析,找出当前音乐艺术教育的存在问题;结合音乐艺术在素质教育中的作用,提出加强和改进音乐艺术教育,提高大学生的音乐素养的对策。     

对中国少数民族新创文字扫盲教育的思考

本文在田野调查和有关文献的基础上,对中国少数民族新创文字在扫盲教育中的使用情况及存在的问题进行了分析和探讨.新创文字扫盲教育的优点是"好学",但因为其实用价值不大,在现实生活中体现出"难用"的一面.本文分析了影响新创文字扫盲教育的主要因素;认为新刨文字扫盲教育必须从实际出发,坚持自愿自择的原则;应该采用多种方式,提高新创文字扫盲教育的实效性.     

网络扫盲——我国农村教育的首要任务

农民网络扫盲的必要性当今世界已进入网络时代,互联网日益成为全球经济社会发展须臾不可离开的重要手段。因此不识网、不触网意味着我国国民素质将会落伍于时代,我国经济将会步履蹒跚。对个人来说,如果不具备一定的网络素养和能力,就不能有效进行信息交流,这样不但造成学习、工作、生活上的很大困难,而且在日益激烈的社会竞争中将处于极为不利的境地,甚至被排除在主流社会之外。这种情况同样适用于“三农”:在网络社会中,农民必须拥有在网上获取、加工和使用数字信息的知识和技能,否则就会严重影响农村生产力水平的提高和农村经济的进一步发…     

“美盲更比文盲多”之论不能成立

因为亨利·摩尔的雕塑作品在北京展出受冷遇引起美术专家发出"美盲更比文盲多"之论。此论不能成立。以不欣赏摩尔作品作为认定"美盲"的唯一标准无视美和美术的多样性,不合逻辑。欣赏美的能力是普通人都具有的,专家如果了解、理解和亲近普通欣赏者,就不会认为他们是"美盲"。中国的美术专家不应该以西方美术为标准去教导中国的欣赏者。     

性别视角下改革开放后的扫盲教育发展

两性共同进步、和谐发展是社会和谐发展的重要因素之一。改革开放后我国在扫盲教育性别平等方面取得了重大成就,但仍有许多方面需加大力度。政府、非政府组织及女性自身都要积极参与到扫盲教育中,共同推动扫盲教育发展。     

浅谈甘肃省扫盲教育现状

报告对甘肃省近二十年来的扫盲教育工作进行了初步评估,并针对当前扫盲教育工作中存在的问题,对全省今后的扫盲教育工作提出了具体的意见和建议。