水下连续激光成像的图像退化模型

水下环境中的介质和悬浮颗粒产生了光散射现象,导致水下激光图像存在严重的图像退化问题,大大降低了目标图像的信噪比。本文通过对水下连续激光成像光路图的分析,推导由于前向散射和后向散射而产生的图像退化模型。     

拉曼光谱在考古研究中的应用

拉曼光谱技术是一种非弹性光散射分析技术,由于它与物质的分子振动、转动能级有关。可以鉴别各种物质的种类和特性,适用于考古文物的分析．目前拉曼光谱作为无损的分析方法,已经广泛应用于考古研究中．本文综述了近几年拉曼光谱在青铜器、颜料、古玉、古陶器等考古研究中的应用,并对其在该领域的发展前景作了进一步的展望．     

Zero‐Slack,Noncritical Paths

The critical path method/program evaluation and review technique method of project scheduling is based on the importance of managing a project's critical path(s). Although a critical path is the longest path through a network, its location in large projects is facilitated by the computation of activity slack. However, logical fallacies in oft‐repeated statements of the relationship between slack and the critical path make it easy to overlook the phenomenon of zero‐slack, noncritical paths. This article points out the fallacies and then describes and illustrates the phenomenon. We conclude with teaching recommendations to avoid suboptimal decisions in reducing project duration.     

基于Cr金属薄膜的低反射近红外黑膜的制备与光学性能

在光通讯分光器件中,光被分光后,总是存在一部分光无法被利用,成为对系统有害的杂散光,要求被完全吸收,同时要求其不能由于反射沿原光路返回,影响前级元件的性能.这就要求制备一种近红外黑膜,既要完全吸收光波,同时又不存在反射光.在以Cr金属膜为基础,在工作波段1 100～1 650 nm之间,设计了一种低反射近红外吸收膜,并采用离子束辅助蒸发技术在玻璃基底上制备了此黑膜,采用分光光度计测量了其透光率与反射率,透光率达到-32 dB以下,表面反射在1 100～1 650 nm之间小于0.5%.采用3M 600P胶带对薄膜的附着力进行了测试,薄膜附着力良好.实验结果表明该膜系完全达到高吸收和低反射的黑膜使用要求.     

从“政治经济学批判”到“文化批判”

摘要：在当代西方工业社会,随着技术理性的不断高涨及消费已渐渐成为推动经济社会发展的主要动力的同时,意识形态范式也发生了很大的变化。西方马克思主义法兰克福学派对此提出了一系列的文化-意识形态批判理论,但其与马克思的意识形态理论有本质的区别。马克思的意识形态理论是通过对资本主义政治经济学的批判来揭示资本主义生产的实质及其意识形态的阶级性和虚假性,具有革命性和实践性的特质。从阐释马克思的意识形态理论出发,论述了霍克海默和阿多诺以及弗洛姆、马尔库塞的意识形态理论,在比较的基础上揭示了法兰克福学派意识形态理论的实质及其局限。     

从“政治经济学批判”到“文化批判”——简析法兰克福学派与马克思的意识形态理论的差异

在当代西方工业社会,随着技术理性的不断高涨及消费已渐渐成为推动经济社会发展的主要动力的同时,意识形态范式也发生了很大的变化.西方马克思主义法兰克福学派对此提出了一系列的文化一意识形态批判理论,但其与马克思的意识形态理论有本质的区别.马克思的意识形态理论是通过对资本主义政治经济学的批判来揭示资本主义生产的实质及其意识形态的阶级性和虚假性,具有革命性和实践性的特质.从阐释马克思的意识形态理论出发,论述了霍克海默和阿多诺以及弗洛姆、马尔库塞的意识形态理论,在比较的基础上揭示了法兰克福学派意识形态理论的实质及其局限.     

4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚共振散射光谱研究

共振散射技术是一项在普通荧光光度计上进行测量的光散射分析技术。详细研究了PAR共振散射光谱 ,初步探索了其形成原因和散射强度的影响因素。     

水珠明亮的根本原因探析

光在水珠表面的反射、水珠内的反射、折射起主要作用。根据光的电磁理论,水珠表面直接反射、经二次折射进入观察者眼中的光能占入射能量的绝大部分,所以,水珠晶莹透明,在阳光照耀下格外明亮。     

论汉语第三人称代词的欧化现象

五四运动以来的近百年时间是现代汉语形成和发展的关键期。伴随着大量西方文学作品汉译,汉语不可避免地受到印欧语的冲击,大量欧化词语和结构涌入汉语,形成了现代汉语中的欧化语法现象。汉语第三人称代词是欧化最明显的表现之一。文章在数据的基础上对汉语第三人称代词的欧化现象进行了较为全面细致的描述和分析,指出了欧化的积极作用和消极影响。     

水中气泡半径测量的理论推导

通过分析水中气泡对一束光的散射,得出在两束光的照射下气泡对光的散射作用,推出散射光叠加为拍的形式,通过对不同位置所得拍的相位比较得出气泡的半径.     

Domestic violence,parental substance misuse and the decision to substantiate child maltreatment

Families that experience domestic violence and parental substance misuse are disproportionately involved with the child welfare system. Prior research suggests that child protective services (CPS) caseworkers are more likely to substantiate maltreatment allegations when domestic violence and parental substance misuse are identified during the investigation, pointing to one possible mechanism for this disproportionate involvement. While previous studies have relied on nationally representative data sets, the current study used administrative records from a large Midwestern child welfare agency that accounts for state-level variation in child welfare policy and practice. A total of 501,060 substantiation decisions made between 2009 and 2013 were examined to assess the influence of caseworker-perceived domestic violence and parental substance misuse on the decision to substantiate reported maltreatment. Results from multilevel modeling suggest that the identification of domestic violence and parental substance misuse during an investigation significantly increased the probability that an allegation would be substantiated. The implication of these findings for child welfare practice are considered in light of the fact that many child welfare agencies do not consider exposure to domestic violence and parental substance misuse in and of themselves to constitute child maltreatment.     

浅谈慢光技术研究现状

介绍慢光技术研究的意义、慢光技术研究的最新进展和实现慢光的四种方法:电磁感生透明、相干布居数振荡、受激布里渊散射、受激拉曼散射以及利用光子晶体波导,对比阐述了四种方法的优缺点,最后介绍了慢光技术在全光通信、量子计算等系统中的应用。     

染料芬顿氧化脱色参数计算的新方法研究

以活性紫为模型染料,讨论了芬顿氧化脱色过程中散射和染料中间体对反应速率常数和脱色率的影响,提出了一种新的参数计算方法．结果表明,脱色体系的残留色度是由游离染料、两种中间体及散射四部分组成．若采用传统的测定反应速率常数和脱色率的方法,散射及中间产物的存在将导致较大的系统误差．采用多元线性回归分析法,从总残留色度中区分出散射及中间产物所占比例后,所得脱色率和反应速率常数更为合理．     

Yu Hua's Brothers in and out of China:A Critical Review

This article offers a critical review of the existing evaluation of Brothers,both the Chinese and English texts,focused on reviews of the English translation,through which the reception of the novel is examined.It is found that unlike the heated controversy over the novel in China,Brothers received warm critical reception in the English-speaking world,though also with criticism.However,there are still insufficient reviews of the English version,concerning its translation quality and style.Thus,"translator's invisibility"is still a common phenomenon.It is therefore concluded that a sociological analysis of its production,circulation and reception in the target culture is both significant and worthwhile to shed new light on the mechanism by which Chinese literature can be successfully exported.     

烯醇式互变异构体的含量分析

酮及烯醇互变是互变作用最普通的现象,它们都是真实的化学实体。本文就不同条件下烯醇式的互变异构的相对含量作一分析。     

微气泡激光散射特性研究

根据Mie散射理论研究了在水介质中微空气泡的光散射特性,给出了相应的散射强度分布、散射光的偏振度与散射角的关系,以及前向散射光强与气泡半径的关系.发现在一定波长下,前向散射光强与气泡半径呈线性关系,为空气泡的测量提供了理论模型.     

关于康普顿散射性质的讨论

康普顿效应是X射线通过物质时发生散射,除波长不变部分外,还有波长变长的部分出现.康普顿把这种现象解释为X射线的光子与电子碰撞的结果.通过对康普顿散射的仔细分析,可推出康普顿散射是弹性散射,光子也不可以任意分割.     

网店客服招聘研究——基于理性选择理论的分析

本文基于科尔曼理性选择理论的视角,对网店客服受店主青睐需求量大的原因进行解释性研究,发现从店主自身、拥有的资源、利益来看,店主招聘客服是一种理性选择行为,达到个人的帕累托最优,从个体行为到群体行为有其规律性。     

Investigation of absorption and scattering characteristics of kiwifruit tissue using a single integrating sphere system

For a quantitative understanding of light interaction with fruit tissue, it is critical to obtain two fundamental parameters: the absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient of the tissue. This study was to investigate the optical properties of kiwifruit tissue at the wavelength of 632.8 nm. The total reflectance and total transmittance of kiwifruit tissue from three parts (including the flesh part, the seed part, and the seed-base part) were measured using a single integrating sphere system. Based on the measured spectral signals, the absorption coefficient μ_a and the reduced scattering coefficient μ_s′ of kiwifruit tissue were calculated using the inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method. Phantoms made from Intralipid 20% and India ink as well as a Biomimic solid phantom were used for system validation. The mean values of μ_a and μ_s′ of different parts of the kiwifruit were 0.031–0.308 mm^?1 and 0.120–0.946 mm^?1, respectively. The results showed significant differences among the μ_a and μ_s′ of the three parts of the kiwifruit. The results of this study confirmed the importance of studying the optical properties for a quantitative understanding of light interaction with fruit tissue. Further investigation of fruit optical properties will be extended to a broader spectral region and different kinds of fruits.