蜜蜂（Apis）线粒体DNA（mtDNA）研究进展

综述蜜蜂线粒体DNA(mtDNA）的结构及其多态性在进化、分类、群体遗传结构和非洲化蜜蜂研究上的应用，蜜蜂mtDNA是一个裸露的闭合双链环状分子，长度在16，300-17，000bp之间，其中AT含量约占85%,线粒体基因组含有13个编码蛋白质的基因，22个tRNA左因，2个编码rRNA亚基基因和两个非编码区域，部分基因有重叠现象，根据mtRNA限制位点的多态性，可推断出四个蜜蜂的系统分化图为:Florea(dorsata (cerena,mellifera）；而西方蜜蜂在进行过程中形成三大分支：西欧型（M）、东欧型（C）、非洲型（A）、mtDNA多态性也是研究蜜蜂群体遗传结构和非洲化形成、扩散机制的有力工具。     

‘Love honey,hate honey bees’: reviving biophilia of elementary school students through environmental education program

The concept of emotional affinity and connection with nature using the term of ‘biophilia’ along with its counter-part ‘biophobia’ has been merely researched in the area of environmental education. In this study, it was hypothesized that children’s negative emotions (biophobia) such as fear towards insects can be changed into affinity (biophilia) through an environmental education program. One hundred and four third-grade students from an elementary school in Seoul, South Korea participated in the honey bee environmental education program, and their emotional changes were measured with Inclusion of Nature in Self and Connectedness to Nature Scale. The result after the program implementation showed that the participants’ affinity toward nature was significantly improved. This empirical study suggests that an environmental education programs on insects of which children initially feel scared can be effective in helping to overcome fear toward insects and nature, and to revive their innate biophilia. Especially, honey bees, one of the most crucial insect species providing priceless ecosystem services can be a good medium for environmental education program to promote children’s innate love towards nature. This study, to the authors’ knowledge, was the first research which attempted to link an insect-mediated environmental education program to children’s connectedness to nature with the biophilia–biophobia approach.     

意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)飞翔肌发育过程中线粒体的形态与发生

意大利蜜蜂飞翔肌发育过程中的线粒体是多种多样大小不一的,由生理功能需求而定。观察结果表明,意大利蜜蜂飞翔肌线粒体的发生有两条途径:①重新形成,即由肌质分泌出来的蛋白质和脂肪自发装配而成;②由现有线粒体复制出双层膜囊,再形成新的线粒体。这是飞翔肌线粒体发生的独特之处。     

作物转基因技术研究进展

综述了当前作物转基因技术的三大主流方法农杆菌介导法、基因枪法、花粉管通道法等在农作物遗传改良中的研究进展,并阐述了这些转基因技术在水稻、小麦、棉花、玉米、大豆、苜蓿等主要农作物遗传转化现状.着重论述了作物转基因技术在抗病虫、抗逆、品质改良、雄性不育等方面对作物进行遗传改良的最新研究进展.     

Fetters or Freedom: Dual Relationships in Counselling

Dual relationships occur whenever one person assumes more than one role in a relationship with another person. They may be unavoidable and are not necessarily harmful but there is always a potential for a conflict of interest and exploitation; because of this a number of Western professional counselling organisations have prohibited all dual relationships. Whilst this is essential for sexual dual relationships it can be too rigid for non-sexual ones because of the different cultural, social or geographical circumstances. Examples of non-sexual dual relationships such as acceptance of gifts, barter, attendance at social events and the use of touch are all explored to find appropriate and constructive ways to use them.     

谈企业从“人事管理”到“人力资源管理”的转变

无论人事管理还是人力资源管理,二者都是以人为研究对象的,但在内容、思想理念等多方面有根本性的区别,现代企业必须真正实现从人事管理到人力资源管理的根本性转变,从发展战略的角度,更新、拓宽并完善人力资源管理职能,提高人力资源管理水平,才能实现企业人力资源管理质的变化。     

"海上丝路与广州"研究若干问题的思考

广州是传统的海港城市 ,建城至今已有 2 2 16年的历史 ,它建城之始便与我国海上丝路的开辟有着直接联系 ,因而研究海上丝路的发展 ,无疑是研究广州发展史的重大课题。从广州城始建特色与海上丝路之开辟、陆上丝路与海上丝路优劣态势互易对广州的影响、海上丝路之多功能、广州港与泉州港地位对比等多角度分析 ,丝路绝非单一的经贸功能 ,它同时兼具中外政治交往功能和文化交往功能 ,只有对丝路这三大功能进行全方位考察 ,才能真正阐明丝路对促进世界各国社会文明的巨大贡献。     

英汉委婉语之社会交际作用的对比研究

委婉语是一种十分重要的语言现象,是语言实现其交际功能的一种重要手段和必要途径,因此委婉语研究在语言研究中应占有十分重要的地位。本文主要就其社会交际作用的有力和不利方面对英汉委婉语作一个探讨和比较。     

遗传背景监测信息系统设计与实现

在人工繁殖的动物群体中，常常面临基因流失、遗传漂变、多样性减少等等问题．所以人工繁殖的群体必须进行遗传管理，其中，遗传管理的实现取决于对群体中的每一个体进行遗传背景监测，然后对个体的背景资料进行群体水平的管理．以猕猴人工养殖群体为模型，以遗传背景编码的设计为基础，完成的遗传背景监测系统的设计．结果表明，这个系统可以较好地摸拟猕猴群的生物社会，达到有效的遗传背监测目的。     

社会主义市场经济对大学生价值取向的双重影响及对策

社会主义市场经济体制的建立是一场前所未有的深刻革命，它对高校大学生的价值取向既有积极影响，又有负面影响。如何扬利抑弊，是加强高校思想教育的一个重要问题，也是社会主义精神文明建设的一个重要课题。     

透视生态课堂的基本因素及特征

社会的发展、教育教学改革呼唤生态课堂的出现。生态课堂的因素主要有两个方面,一方面是生态课堂的主体因素,包括教师、学生;另一方面是环境因素,包括客体的物质环境因素和由主体派生出来的人际关系因素、制度因素、文化因素、心理因素等精神环境因素。两个方面的生态课堂因素之间相互依存,相互制约,多向互动,彼此发生着多元作用。生态课堂具有整体相关与动态平衡的统一、多元共存与和谐共生的统一、开放性与交互性的统一、有限性与无限性的统一、差异性与标准性的统一等基本特征。     

高校二级学院管理系统的熵处理

熵是系统运行过程中产生的冗余、有害物,不可避免且普遍存在。二级学院按照管理方式的不同,可分为民主自治型、权威自治型、民主集中型、官僚管理型、集权专制型、类无政府型等6种基本类型,不同类型的管理体系,熵的生产、冲抵能力不同。高层调控、系统内熵控、熵输出和负熵引入是熵处理的三大基本途径,其下包含若干具体措施。不同类型的二级学院应择其对症者主辅结合配套使用。     

20世纪三四十年代冀中地区蝗神庙探析

蝗神庙是以祭祀虫神为主的庙宇,它主要包括虫王庙、八蜡庙、刘猛将军庙。20世纪三四十年代,冀中地区的蝗神庙繁多,祭祀活动较为普遍,且祭祀方式多样化,这与日军侵华、民族危机加深以及冀中地区灾荒频仍、民间信仰有着密切的联系。中共冀中抗日根据地坚持民族解放与治蝗破除迷信并举的方针,有效抵御了严重的自然灾害,一定程度上缓解了民困,巩固了敌后抗日根据地,为争取抗日战争的最后胜利作出了贡献。     

20世纪20年代中美丝商交往论析

20世纪20年代,以商会和丝业公会为主体开展的中关丝商交往,直接促动了中国丝业的改良。丝业改良一时成为中国丝业界议论的焦点,但讨论和建议多于行动：作为丝业改良的中心环节——蚕种改良和缫丝技术改良难收成效;谋求生丝直接对外贸易的活动也仅仅处于探索阶段。而美国丝商支持和参与的中国丝业改良活动也并不顺利,他们以高校为依托的丝业改良与推广,以及参与的中国合众蚕桑改良会工作,虽取得一定成效,但困难重重;而中美合建的上海生丝检查所只能勉强维持。中关丝商交往的直接动因是美国丝业界为谋求充足而廉价的生丝原料,但改良华丝,扩大对美生丝出口对于中国丝业来说也不无益处。从这个意义说,中国丝商错失了扩大对美出口的极好机会。     

Educational Technology Along with the Uncritical Mass Versus Ethics

Abstract

This paper considers the ethics of educational technology in terms of whether or not selected media and methods are beneficial to the teacher and student, or whether other motives and criteria determine the selection. Communications media have proven themselves to be powerful and efficient tools, used like ‘dynamite’ for getting the most out of a ‘quarry’, but the vast scope of their applicability and flexibility may notoriously neglect the unprecedented risks to the user of current online methods – as one of the areas in which ethical issues arise. Having mentioned en passant any potential benefits of all communications media, their harmful potential is also noted, and, based on this introductory notification, ethical responsibilities of all parties involved in educational media have been examined. The authors’ main objective is to centralise the concept of the ‘uncritical mass’ representing the educationally uninformed general public whose selections of communication technologies can lead to their adoption as educational tools regardless of their educational value.     

正确认识内部审计

正确认识内部审计有利于充分发挥内部审计作用。内部审计本质上是一种管理服务活动,其职能是兴利防弊和价值增值,并非专为检查舞弊而进行。内部审计不同于外部审计和管理咨询,内部审计能实施风险管理,为实现组织目标服务。     

Teachers’ Conceptions About the Genetic Determinism of Human Behaviour: A Survey in 23 Countries

This work analyses the answers to a questionnaire from 8,285 in-service and pre-service teachers from 23 countries, elaborated by the Biohead-Citizen research project, to investigate teachers’ conceptions related to the genetic determinism of human behaviour. A principal components analysis is used to assess the main trends in all the interviewed teachers’ conceptions. This illustrates that innatism is present in two distinct ways: in relation to individuals (e.g. genetic determinism to justify intellectual likeness between individuals such as twins) or in relation to groups of humans (e.g. genetic determinism to justify gender differences or the superiority of some human ethnic groups). A between-factor analysis discriminates between countries, showing very significant differences. There is more innatism among teachers’ conceptions in African countries and Lebanon than in European countries, Brazil and Australia. Among the other controlled parameters, only two are significantly independent of the country: the level of training and the level of knowledge of biology. A co-inertia analysis shows a strong correlation between non-citizen attitudes towards and innatist conceptions of genetic determinism regarding human groups. We discuss these findings and their implications for education.     

期刊市场化利弊谈

期刊市场化有利于编辑人员增强竞争意识 ,可促进编辑工作者不断创新 ,但也易造成其一味追求经济效益而忽视社会效益的倾向。因此 ,必须对期刊市场化加强管理 ,做到兴“利”除“弊”。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌及其在害虫防治上的应用(综述)

苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis,简称Bt)自 1 90 1年发现以来 ,一直在微生物学、昆虫学和生物化学等方面受到研究者的关注。由于Bt能形成对许多昆虫具特异性毒力的杀虫蛋白 ,因此从 1 959年开始Bt已被制成杀虫剂防治鳞翅目害虫。近 1 0年来 ,随着分子生物学和遗传工程技术的成熟和发展 ,使人们增加了有关晶体形成的分子生物学知识。Bt的杀虫活性主要是其能产生含有杀虫晶体蛋白 (ICPs)的伴孢晶体。一些杀虫蛋白基因 (又称cry基因 )已经成功用于转基因抗虫植物中。本文将从Bt微生物学、Bt制剂在害虫防治中以及Btcry基因在转基因抗虫植物中的应用等方面作一综述。     

为转基因食品正“名”

一些商家利用公众对转基因食品的怀疑,误导消费者——转基因成分有害健康。本文科学分析了转基因食品的安全隐患和质疑,介绍了我国转基因食品的审批和安全管理,呼吁消费者要科学对待转基因食品。