Equivalent Kelvin Impact Model for Seismic Pounding Analysis of Bridges

Based on Hertz contact theory, a method to determine the parameters of Kelvin impact model for seismic pounding analysis of bridges is proposed. The impact stiffness of Kelvin model is determined by the ratio of maximum impact force to maximum contact deformation, which is calculated based on Hertz contact theory with considering the vibration effect. The restitution coefficient which has great influence on the damping coefficient of Kelvin impact model is investigated by numerical analysis. Numerical results indicate that the impact stiffness of Kelvin impact model increases with the increment of the Hertz contact stiffness, approaching velocity or the length ratio of short to long girders. Vibration effect has remarkable influence on the impact stiffness and cannot be neglected. The restitution coefficient decreases when approaching velocity increases or the length ratio of short girder to long girder decreasing. The practical ranges of impact stiffness and restitution coefficient are obtained as 3×108-6×108 N/m and 0.6-0.95 respectively.     

Application of NIR spectroscopy for firmness evaluation of peaches

The use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was proved to be a useful tool for quality analysis of fruits. A bifurcated fiber type NIR spectrometer, with a detection range of 800～2500 nm by lnGaAs detector, was used to evaluate the firmness of peaches. Anisotropy of NIR spectra and firmness of peaches in relation to detecting positions of different parts (including three latitudes and three longitudes) were investigated. Both spectra absorbency and firmness of peach were influenced by longitudes (i,ii, iii) and latitudes (A, B, C). For modeling, two thirds of the samples were used as the calibration set and the remaining one third were used as the validation or prediction set. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models for different longitude and latitude spectra and for the whole fruit show that collecting several NIR spectra from different longitudes and latitudes of a fruit for NIR calibration modeling can improve the modeling performance. In addition, proper spectra pretreatments like scattering correction or derivative also can enhance the modeling performance. The best results obtained in this study were from the holistic model with multiplicative scattering correction (MSC) pretreatment, with correlation coefficient of cross-validation rcv=0.864, root mean square error of cross-validation RMSECV=6.71 N, correlation coefficient of calibration r=0.948, root mean square error of cali-bration RMSEC=4.21 N and root mean square error of prediction RMSEP=5.42 N. The results of this study are useful for further research and application that when applying NIR spectroscopy for objectives with anisotropic differences, spectra and quality indices are necessarily measured from several parts of each object to improve the modeling performance.     

Firmness evaluation of melon using its vibration characteristic and finite element analysis

INTRODUCTION Researchers continue to develop non-destructive methods to evaluate the effect of their impact on ag-ricultural products using high-tech methods. Non-destructive techniques sensing has been applied for obtaining fruit and vegetable quality index. Non-destructive method for measuring firmness us-ing sonic or vibration characteristics applied in pre-vious investigations was recently reviewed by Arm-strong (1989) and Liljedahl and Abbott (1994). The sonic vibration technique u…     

氨基甲酸酯类农药的结构表征与定量结构毒性相关研究

应用分子电性距离矢量(MEDV)对氨基甲酸酯类农药进行结构表征和急性毒性的定量预测,籍以多元线形性回归(MLR)建立了MEDV与生物毒性之间的相关模型,相关系数R=0.984,并通过逐步回归(SMR)方法建立了另一更具预测性的定量模型,取得了良好的结果,其模型相关系数为R=0.983;继以留一法(Leave-one-out,LOO)进行交互检验,相关系数为R2=0.922,说明定量相关模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力.     

卤代苯和苯酚的衍生物的结构表征和毒性预测

应用按非氢原子分类的分子电性距离矢量(MEDV)表征了25个卤代苯和苯酚的衍生物的结构，以MDEV为参数通过多元线性回归建立了结构与活性的定量相关模型(R=0．949)．另外，采用逐步回归的方法从原模型中选择3个参数建立一新的定量数学模型(R=0．938)，继以留一法进行交互检验，Rcv^2为0．800，说明模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力，能用来评估和预测卤代苯和苯酚的衍生物的环境行为．     

小球与均质定轴杆的非完全弹性碰撞

讨论了小球与定轴转动细杆碰撞过程中所遵从的物理规律,给出了非完全弹性碰撞的一般公式,分析了碰撞位置和恢复系数对小球和细杆的运动状态的影响,计算了系统的动能损失率,并讨论了其随撞击位置和恢复系数的变化关系。     

Anaphylaxis and generalized urticaria from eating Chinese bayberry fruit

Chinese bayberry Myrica rubra is a very popular fruit in southeastern China. In spite of its wide consumption, no allergies to this fruit have been reported previously. Here we report on a 40-year-old woman suffering from anaphylaxis to Chinese bayberry fruit. Prick-prick skin tests revealed strong reactions to fresh Chinese bayberry fruits as well as to peach, and weaker reactions to some other fruits including apple, melon, and banana. ImmunoCAP analysis revealed identical titers of specific IgE (4.3 kU_A/L) to peach extract and its lipid transfer protein (LTP, rPru p 3), which was confirmed by detection of a 9 kD band following immunoblotting. Immunoblot analysis with Chinese bayberry extract gave bands of 22, 45, and 90 kD, but no 9 kD band was recognized. There was also no evidence of LTP recognition for loquat (36 kD) or melon (24 kD). This first report of a severe allergic reaction to Chinese bayberry fruit in a patient with LTP-mediated peach allergy indicates that other as yet unidentified non-pollen related fruit allergens are involved in this new severe fruit allergy.     

超临界流体萃取过程的动力学问题

围绕超临界流体萃取过程中的传质、传质系数的计算,超临界流体萃取速率、传质阻力,超临界流体通过固定床的压降以及超临界流体萃取过程中的影响因素等动力学问题进行了探讨和阐述,对于超临界流体萃取技术的应用与过程操作具有参考价值。     

Gas Absorption and Mass Transfer in a Pore-Array Intensified Tube-in-Tube Microchannel

A pore-array intensified tube-in-tube microchannel (PA-TMC), which is characterized by high throughput and low pressure drop, was developed as a gas–liquid contactor. The sulfite oxidation method was used to determine the oxygen efficiency (φ) and volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_La) of PA-TMC, and the mass transfer amount per unit energy (ε) was calculated by using the pressure drop. The effects of structural and operating parameters were investigated systematically, and the two-phase flow behavior was monitored by using a charge-coupled device imaging system. The results indicated that the gas absorption efficiency and mass transfer performance of the PA-TMC were improved with increasing pore number, flow rate, and number of helical coil turns and decreasing pore size, row number, annular size, annular length, and surface tension. The φ, ε and k_La of PA-TMC could reach 31.3%, 1.73 × 10⁻⁴ mol/J, and 7.0 s⁻¹, respectively. The Sherwood number was correlated with the investigated parameters to guide the design of PA-TMC in gas absorption and mass transfer processes.

     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a rotor/bearing/seal system

In this study a new dynamic model of a rotor system is established based on the Hamilton principle and the finite element method (FEM). We analyze the dynamic behavior of the rotor system with the coupled effects of the nonlinear oil film force, the nonlinear seal force, and the mass eccentricity of the disk. The equations of the motion are solved effectively using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method in MATLAB. The dynamic behavior of the system is illustrated by bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponents, phase trajectory diagrams, and Poincaré maps. The numerical results show that the rotational speed of the rotor, the pressure drop in the seal, the seal length, the seal clearance, and the mass eccentricity of the disk are the key parameters that significantly affect the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system. The motion of the rotor system exhibits complex types of periodic, quasi-periodic, double-periodic, multi-periodic, and chaotic vibrations. This analysis can be used to guide the design of seal parameters and to diagnose the vibration of rotor/bearing/seal systems.     

为何偏是"桃花"源——谈《桃花源》中桃花意象的选择及其对后世的影响

陶渊明《桃花源记》为中国传统文人创造了一个理想的精神家园模式，同时也对其后诗文桃花意象的使用产生了深远的影响。通过一系列的假设来追寻陶渊明在诸多名花中情有独钟选择了桃花作为其象征的原因，并探讨他的这一选择对后世桃花意象的使用产生的影响。     

采后枇杷果实品质及相关酶活性变化的研究

研究了20℃下贮藏过程两个枇杷品种果实品质及相关酶活性的变化。结果表明:解放钟与早钟6号枇杷果实贮藏期间,可溶性固形物和蛋白质含量逐渐下降。在贮藏前10d,果实硬度变化不明显,早钟6号枇杷果实硬度还略有增大现象;贮藏后期,枇杷果实硬度逐渐减小。类胡萝卜素与木质素含量在贮藏期内均表现为先升高后逐渐下降趋势,而在采后前期果实PAL和POD活性均持续增加,与木质素含量变化具有一定的相关性,表明在20℃下PAL和POD在枇杷果实木质素的代谢中起着重要作用。     

An Energy Absorber with Force Modificator

Thin-walled tubes are extensively applied in engineering, especially in vehicle structures to resist axial or traversal impact loads, for their excellent energy absorbing capacity. However, in the axial deformation mode, the force history has an extremely high peak force which may bring not only fatal injury to occupants but also damage to structures, cargo and environment. Aiming to develop energy absorbers with impact-force modificator, square metal tube with force modificator is investigated which can monitor the force-deformation history of the tube. A small device is designed to serve as an impact-force modificator, which introduces desired imperfections to the square tube just before the impact happens between the impactor and the tube, so as to reduce the peak force. Prototypes with various governing parameters were manufactured and tested both quasi-statically and dynamically to study the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of energy absorption. The results show that the force modificator can achieve the desired reduction of the peak force well whilst remaining the specific energy absorption capacity of the original square tube. With future improvements, it could be applied to vehicles or roadside safety hardware to mitigate the consequences produced by traffic accidents.     

Wave attenuation properties of double trapezoidal submerged breakwaters on flat-bed

This paper investigates the wave attenuation properties of the double trapezoidal submerged breakwaters on the flat-bed by conducting physical experiments subjected to linear and cnoidal incident waves.The method of Goda’s two points is used to separate the heights of incident,reflected and transmitted waves based on the experimental data.The possible factors affecting the wave attenuation properties of the double trapezoidal submerged breakwaters(i.e.,the relative submerged water depth,relative breakwater spacing,wave steepness and relative wave height) are investigated with respect to the reflection and transmission coefficients.The results show that there is a range,within which the breakwater spacing has little impact on the reflection coefficient,and the transmission coefficient tends to be a constant.The influence of the wave steepness is reduced while the breakwater spacing is too large or too small.Within the range of the relative wave height tested in this study,the reflection and transmission coefficients increase and decrease with the relative wave height,respectively.The double trapezoidal submerged breakwaters model indicates a good attenuation effect for larger wave steepness,big relative wave height and within the range of the relative breakwater spacing between 12.5 and 14 according to linear and cnoidal waves.The changes of wave energy spectra between the double submerged breakwaters on the flat-bed are investigated by the fast Fourier transform(FFT) method,showing that wave energy dissipation can be reached more effectively when the relative breakwater spacing is 12.5.     

Effect of the amplification factor on seismic stability of expanded municipal solid waste landfills using the pseudo-dynamic method

The evaluation of the seismic stability of an expanded municipal solid waste （MSW） landfill is very important in seismic prone zones. In this paper, the pseudo-dynamic method was used to calculate the average safety factor for the expanded landfill with a trapezoidal berm based on under-berm failure conditions. Furthermore, the effects of the variation of parameters such as the amplification factor, seismic coefficient, height of berm, angle of back slope of berm, and depth of waste mass at the back slope on the seismic stability of the landfill were studied. The results indicated that the influences of the vertical seismic coefficient, height of berm, and angle of the back slope of the berm on the seismic stability of the landfill are weakened as the amplification factor increases, but the influence of the horizontal seismic coefficient on the seismic stability of the landfill is strengthened. On the other hand, a certain ratio of the height of the waste mass above the back slope to the depth of waste mass at the back slope, or the reasonable consideration of the magnitude of the amplification factor will be conducive to the seismic design of the landfill. In addition, the results obtained by the pseudo-static and pseudo-dynamic methods were compared.     

抗战中期毛泽东关于争取中间势力的思想

毛泽东关于争取中间势力的思想是逐步形成发展和完善的。抗日战争中期,毛泽东总结各根据地斗争的经验,进一步提出要争取中间势力,必须发展进步势力,孤立顽固势力;必须建立“三三制”原则的政权;必须扩大中间势力的对象,使这一思想发展至成熟。自此,中间势力在中国的政治舞台上日趋活跃,逐渐地形成为一股共产党领导下的重要的政治势力,为建立中国共产党领导的多党合作制度打下了基础。     

玉米种子成熟过程中细胞膜脂过氧化及体内抗氧化酶活性变化的研究

研究了沈试-29玉米种子在成熟过程中四种酶活性的变化及膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化。结果表明：超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化一致即由乳熟期到蜡熟期活性下降,完熟期和枯熟期SOD、POD和CAT的活性又开始上升,而抗坏血酸氧化酶（AAO）的活性的变化则与此相反;MDA含量在蜡熟期上升,在完熟期和枯熟期下降。由此可见,种子的成熟过程中发生了氧化和过氧化作用,并存在活性氧的伤害。     

非线性双圆盘转子-密封系统的数值分析

研究目的：求斛双圆盘转了-密封系统的非线性振动特性和运动响应 创新要点：采用有限元法（FEM）和拉格朗目方程求解双圆盘转子-密封系统,进而为研究多级转了系统的非线性振动问题提供有效方法。研究方法：基于有限元法（FEM）和拉格朗目方程。同时利用四阶龙格-库塔法求解系统动特性运动响应情况,利用风岔图、时间历程图、轴心轨迹图、庞加莱映射和幅值谱等分析图研究双圆盘转子-密封系统的非线性振动特性。重要结论：随着转速的增大,双圆盘转子-密封系统呈现丰富的非线性运动形式,包括周期性运动、多周期运动,准周期运动以及混沌运动。在右端圆盘不平衡质量小于34kg、密封间隙范围为0.376mm-0.54mm、密封长度大于0.13m或者密封压差高于0.104MPa的情况下均有利于提高双圆盘转子-密封系统的稳定性。     

Peer effects on high school aspirations: Evidence from a sample of close and not-so-close friends

In this paper we investigate how schoolmates influence high school dropout intentions in Catalonia, Spain. Our analysis uses self-reported friends to identify possible peers by assuming that peer influence flows in one direction in cases where one student identifies another as a friend, but the other does not reciprocate. We first estimate the effects of education aspirations of non-reciprocating friends on students’ own education aspirations, with and without conditioning on a large set of personality and cognitive characteristics. We then investigate the extent to which the estimated effects are associated with friends’ height, weight, BMI, gender and cognitive ability. The estimated impact of non-reciprocating peers’ dropout intentions is small and generally not statistically significant: a 10 percentage point increase in the fraction of non-reciprocating peers that intend to drop out increases students’ chances of dropping out by about .2 percentage points.