Multilingualism as legitimate shared repertoires in school communities of practice: students’ and teachers’ discursive constructions of languages in two schools in England

This paper reports on the findings of a 12-month project within a broader research programme that looks at a group of East European students with English as an Additional Language (EAL) in England. The data are derived from interviews with the students and teachers in two schools. The findings show that EAL students had a keen interest in English. This attitude contrasted with their reluctance to use and talk about their home language, as a result of language loss and fear of being bullied. Teachers’ attitudes towards languages were also mixed, ranging from support for ‘free use of languages’, to ‘restricted use of home language’, and to ‘use of English only’. The paper further argues that multilingualism can be theorised as legitimate shared repertoires of school communities of practice. Practical implications are drawn which suggest that students’ and teachers’ voices should be acted upon and translated into school language policies.     

对外汉语教学中的文化意识与渗透

本文通过分析我国对外汉语教学的重要性,探讨对外汉语教学中存在的问题,提出相关措施解决问题,促进我国对外汉语教学的发展。     

汉语语言系统及对外汉语教学中的文化渗透

语言与文化的关系十分密切。对外汉语教学肩负着弘扬中华文化的责任,为此在汉语教学中,必须加强文化因素的导入,这样才能让学生明白语言教学所暗含的独特的文化意义,才能克服重语言、轻文化的弊端,才能提高学生汉语的交际能力。     

Questioning pedagogies: Hong Kong pre-service teachers’ dialogic reflections on a transnational school experience

There are increasing opportunities in many countries for pre-service teachers to engage in a transnational school-based experience as part of study abroad programmes. The transformative potential of such transnational teaching experiences is recorded in research studies, often supported by data from participant surveys. However, there has been a lack of evidence investigating shifts in professional understanding derived from such experiences. This qualitative study addresses this issue by exploring the perspectives of 16 pre-service teachers of English as a Second Language from Hong Kong, who engaged in transnational teaching activities with primary school pupils in Australia during their study abroad programme. Discourse analysis of participants’ dialogues traces how they encountered conflicting Discourses of ‘student-centredness’ in the Australian classroom. Reflecting dialogically on their experiences led participants to negotiate and reframe their understandings of language teaching pedagogy and themselves as language teachers. The findings demonstrate the importance of both peer and lecturer feedback into the process of dialogic reflection and the need for more longitudinal research into the impact of transnational school-based experience in pre-service teacher education.     

对外汉语教材中翻译的功能和原则--以老师和脸谱为例

对外汉语教材中的翻译常被人诟病,甚至被认为是“对外汉语教学领域中进展最为滞后的方面“.本文认为,教材(特别是初级教材)中的生词翻译,其主要功能是在概念意义上帮助学习者理解,不能要求翻译承担“解决学习者语言表达问题“的责任,对翻译的不少批评其实都起源于对翻译功能的过高要求.本文指出,教学目的和侧重点不同,翻译时就会采用不同的原则,依据目的语规则是一种做法,依据母语规则是另一种做法;原则的不同会引起译文质量以及学习者心理感受的差别,但这些差别也许和学习效果的好坏并无直接联系,比较别扭的译文也许更容易引起学习者对相关目的语知识的注意,从而促进习得.     

语言模特职业与韩国高中汉语教学

语言模特是语言教学中的一个新概念.作为一种新的职业,语言模特的职责主要是为语言学习者提供标准的目的语示范,引导语言学习者进行相对规范的语言训练和学习.韩国高中汉语教学是作为外语的语言教学,其协同教学的教学模式体现出语言模特角色的重要性.区别于语言教师,语言模特需要具备相应的语言应用能力,语言理论知识、文化知识和文化意识以及语言教学和语言习得理论修养.     

课外语言环境对留学生汉语习得的作用和影响

课外语言环境由交际性语言环境和非交际性语言环境构成,交际性语言环境有着丰富具体的语言情境,非交际性语言环境对汉语学习也有自身的优势,教师和教学管理者对此应予以高度重视。课外语言环境对留学生汉语习得有重要作用,但其中存在的不利因素也应引起我们的注意。留学生管理者和教师应充分利用其中有利于汉语习得的积极因素,消除不利因素的影响,更有效地促进留学生的汉语习得。     

第二语言学习策略研究的现状与前瞻

20世纪中后期兴起的学习策略的研究是心理科学发展的产物.对学习策略的研究成为第二语言习得研究的一个重要组成部分.本文勾勒了国内外第二语言学习策略研究的发展脉络和现状,详述了中国对外汉语教学界对汉语作为第二语言学习策略的研究,分析了尚存的问题,指出了今后汉语作为第二语言学习策略的研究前景和基本框架.     

Metaphors used by pre-service teachers of Chinese as an international language

This inquiry explored 68 pre-service perceptions and aspirations of Teaching Chinese as an International Language (TCIL) teachers by analysing the metaphors they used to describe themselves as teachers. The inquiry revealed that the participants used a variety of metaphors to project the images of themselves as pre-service TCIL teachers. The results also confirm that the participants’ use of metaphors, as powerful tools to understand the complexity of teaching, reflects the mediation of cultural, historical and sociopolitical conditions. These findings help teacher educators to support TCIL teachers’ professional development by engaging them in critical dialogues about the metaphors they use to perceive themselves as TCIL teachers. They also help teacher educators to adopt tailor-made pedagogical content to address their development needs.     

为什么要开发新HSK考试?

2009年,国家汉办/孔子学院总部正式推出新汉语水平考试(HSK)。为什么要开发和推广新HSK?这是目前海内外将汉语作为第二语言学习的学习者和汉语教师们最关心的问题之一。2010年10月,笔者受国家汉办的派遣到海外向汉语教师们介绍新HSK。这里,报告了笔者对此问题的一些思考。     

语言认同与华语传承语教育

华语教育与国际汉语教育有何异同?这不仅是一个学术问题,而且也是中国当前亟待解决的一个语言政策问题。本文提出的"语言认同过程"理论把语言认同分解为个人多重身份库、个人语码库和身份与语码匹配过程,并认为,语码的学习、储存、和使用需要与语言学习者的身份认同相匹配。根据该理论分析,华裔学生对华语的认同有别于非华裔学生对国际汉语的认同,因此华语教育与国际汉语教育的对象有重大的认知差别。本文运用该理论分析华裔学生学习华语的身份认同困惑,提出相应的华语教育理念、华语教学法、华语教材编写和华语教师培养方法,以期解决华裔学生华语学习中的认同问题,达到华人身份与华语语码的有机匹配。     

保持型教学模式在对外汉语双语教学中的应用

根据我国的语言环境和高等院校特点及生源的实际情况,探讨适合对外汉语专业的保持型双语教学模式。从保持型双语教学步骤的设计、双语教学材料的组织、双语教学方法的创新、合理有效的双语教学评价体系的建立四个方面进行了论述。     

对外汉语教师教育研究综述

教学质量提高的关键在于教师,教学理论研究的重心在于教师教育.近年来,对外汉语教学界开始关注教师的培训和发展,对外汉语教师教育研究逐步走向深入.通过文献检索,对20余年来的研究进行了综述和评析.从研究时间上看,最早的发端源于1989年,但直到2006年才出现骤增趋势.整体而言,对外汉语教师教育研究经历了萌芽、酝酿阶段后,目前正逐步向纵深发展.     

对外汉语高级阶段文化教学模式研究报告

文章对对外汉语高级阶段的文化教学现状及模式进行了研究与改革,指出在高级阶段,要特别加强文化教学,以开设视听说、专题讲座等多种文化教学形式来提升学生的语言能力,同时也要以语言教学促进文化的理解与融合,从而在整体上提升学生汉语水平。