把好人事档案归档材料字迹质量关

随着科技发展,书写材料越来越丰富;随着办公自动化的普及,打印字迹材料品种越来越多,从而造成归档文件字迹材料越来越复杂。而干部人事档案一般都要长期保存(按照规定干部人事档案在其当事人逝世之后一般不能销毁,若是知名人士的干部人事档案,则须永久保存),所以字迹材料的耐久性问题,不能不认真对待。那么该如何对归档材料进行把关呢?这是每一个干部人事档案工作者必须面对的问题。根据中共中央组织部组通字[1991]12号文件中的第二条第四款规定:干部人事档案不得使用圆珠笔、铅笔、红色及纯蓝墨水和复写纸书写。但从近几年接收的归档材料看…     

他在恢复逝去的历史墨迹——记中国科协第二届青年科技奖获得者李玉虎同志

人类在社会实践活动中留下各种类型的原始记录,我们现在统称之为档案。作为一个历史悠久的文明古国,我国历史档案浩如烟海,蕴藏着巨大的信息资源和宝贵的精神财富。 但是,各种类型的档案载体和记录材料却为档案的保护带来了巨大的困难。用蓝墨水、圆珠笔,复写纸书写的各种档案和资料,由于纸张和有机染料的化学变化,在不长的时间里都会出现字迹褪变和扩散现象,有的甚至字迹全无,失去利用价值。长期以来,这一问题一直困绕着档案界,许多国家面对字迹褪变的档案一筹莫展,连一些发达国家也不例外。 1983年,25岁的李玉虎从西北大学化学系毕业,分配到陕西省档案馆技术处工作。当时,正值馆里抢救2万卷陕甘宁边区时代珍贵档案之际,李玉虎看到一代伟人毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来等描绘时代风云的墨迹,已被岁月剥蚀得字迹不清,有的变成残纸碎片时,他的心灵受到强烈的震撼,由衷地感到一个档案保护工作者肩负的重任。     

复印件档案的老化原因与保护方法

复印件档案在使用与保存时由于诸因素的影响,会出现纸张老化、字迹墨粉脱落褪变及纸页粘连等情况,特别是复印件墨粉脱落所致的字迹色泽淡化现象,降低了档案价值,缩短了档案寿命,破坏了档案的耐久性,因此加强复印件的保护是十分必要的。一、复印件档案老化的原因当复印件档案受到不适宜温湿度、机械磨擦等作用时,会出现档案的老化。具体表现如下:首先,一部分以填充方式分布在纸张的表面及浅表面的字迹墨粉从纸张中散失,而发生字迹褪变;墨粉的脱落愈多,则字迹的褪变也就愈严重。纸张中另一部分分布在较深层的复印墨粉,分布在纸纤维的空隙及填…     

基于计算机技术恢复灾害档案褪变字迹的研究

本文分析了计算机技术恢复灾害档案褪变字迹的主要特点及其应用,介绍了利用计算机技术恢复灾害档案褪变字迹的方法和流程,并以某地地震灾害档案为例,阐述了利用文检仪、扫描仪、图像处理软件Photoshop恢复灾害档案字迹的具体操作步骤,展示了对洇化扩散字迹、半透明污斑遮挡字迹以及背透字迹的恢复效果,其目的是通过本文的研究结论和成果为恢复灾害档案褪变字迹提供参考。     

再论蓝黑墨水的不耐久性

在档案字迹材料耐久性能调查中发现,1990年以后入库的纸质档案上的蓝黑墨水字迹的颜色褪变严重,甚至呈灰白色.而圆珠笔字迹的颜色除略有扩展外,并无太大变化;中国人民大学档案学院的几位同仁在<酸对纸质档案的影响>论文中曾得出蓝圆珠笔油字迹材料的耐酸性能好于蓝黑墨水的结论;上海大学宗培岭老师<对纸质档案耐久性调查与分析>论文中也曾提出蓝黑墨水字迹褪变率占到总体的46.37%,几乎接近于公认的不耐久字迹材料纯蓝墨水的褪变率.由于省市级档案馆库房中蓝黑墨水书写字迹材料所占比例较大,因此,对作为长久保管的档案制成材料蓝黑墨水的性能有必要进行探讨.     

褪变档案字迹恢复与保护点滴体会

笔者1995年4月参加了湖北省档案局在西安举办的由李玉虎主讲的褪变档案字迹恢复与保护培训班,学习结业后即购回一套褪变档案字迹恢复与保护系列产品,开始褪变档案的恢复与保护工作.     

高校干部档案管理之我见

一、存在的问题 1、不规范的档案原始材料 如有的归档材料纸张破损,有的材料圆珠笔字迹模糊,书写材料时字迹顶格顶边等.对此,档案人员会进行加工处理,但处理后有时会引起档案材料的起皱、变形,特别是用浆糊贴边的档案在保存过程中往往会发霉或被虫蛀,导致案卷质量下降,不利于档案的保管和利用.     

复印件字迹褪变折因

静电复印技术由于其在产生图文复制品方面所具有的简便性、高效性以及其对原件的适用性等多种原因,已广泛应用于办公自动化过程中,它在保护档案原件及在一定条件下作为凭证价值发挥着重要作用。但复印件档案在保存与利用过程中由于内外多种因素的作用,存在字迹褪变、墨粉脱落及纸页粘连等性能劣化……     

馆藏褪变档案分析及对策

<正>档案是物质的,同时也是不可再生的信息资源。随着岁月累积、环境变化,它的载体材料和书写材料都会发生不同程度的变化。如不及时有效地采取可行措施,任其蔓延,会造成难以弥补的损失。为此必须加强馆藏褪变档案的调查、研究与抢救工作。笔者对馆藏永久文书档案进行了深入细致的调查,调查结果同1990年的调查相比,有了较大的变化,部分档案字迹发生褪变,甚至出现了字迹消失及档案霉变的现象,这直接威胁着馆藏档案的安全与利用,档案的安全有效     

碱性耐久墨水的研制

字迹是档案、文献内容的反应,保护已形成的、恢复已褪色的字迹是档案科研工作的一大任务.然而由于许多字迹的褪变,使得恢复和保护工作困难重重,严重的至今尚无法恢复.倘若不能从根本上解决字迹的耐久问题,将会浪费大量的人力和财力用于字迹的恢复,不利于档案的保护.碱性耐久墨水的研制就是试图从根本上解决字迹的耐久性问题.公元11世纪欧洲僧侣提阿菲罗曾记载由荆棘木的渗出液与绿矾(FeSO_47H_2O)混合制成一种墨水,此为鞣酸铁墨水的最初记载,也是后来广泛使用之书写墨水的由来.在过去很长的时间里,蓝色书写墨水的化学组成大致分为亚铁盐墨水和染料墨水两大类.(一)鞣酸铁墨水的主要成分是(1)鞣酸(单宁酸),分子式为C_(76)H_(52)O_(46),它是植物鞣料的主要有效成分,具有多元酚基和羧基的有机物;(2)没食子酸(又称五倍子酸),结构式为:     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Researching Initiatives and Referenda: A Guide for Nevada

SUMMARY

The Nevada Constitution provides voters with the ability to propose new statutes, amendments to existing statutes, and amendments to the State constitution through the initiative petition process. Voters can also approve or disapprove of existing statutes through the referendum petition process. Both require the circulation of a petition to collect a minimum number of signatures before the Secretary of State will place the measures on the ballot for the general election. As with other topics of law, Nevada has a profound shortage of research resources on initiatives and referenda, but State law and government Web sites provide enough information to allow for significant research.     

Putting Ariel to Work at the University of Texas at Austin: A Case Study

SUMMARY

This article is a case study of Ariel use at the University of Texas at Austin. The author divides the history of Ariel use into three distinct stages: resistance, full implementation, and enhanced. For each stage the advantages and disadvantages of using Ariel are discussed. The author concludes that using Ariel saves both money and staff time and permits faster delivery of documents than other methods.     

Ariel in a High-Volume Environment: How CISTI Has Integrated Ariel into Its Document Delivery Business

SUMMARY

CISTI, the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, is one of the world's largest document delivery suppliers, and was among the first to be fully automated. The revolutionary Intel-liDoc system, developed during the years 1993 to 1995, provided for end-to-end automation of the document delivery process, which has enabled CISTI to improve its service and accommodate growth. From the beginning Ariel was, and remains, an integral part of IntelliDoc. This article describes how Ariel has been integrated into IntelliDoc and into CIS-TI's services, showing the benefits to CISTI and to its clients.     

利益相关者视角下的图书馆电子借阅服务研究

[目的/意义] 以图书馆提供电子借阅服务过程中所涉及的利益相关者为研究对象,厘清各利益相关者的利益关系,提出建立基于社会平衡机制的图书馆电子借阅服务系统的主要路径。[方法/过程] 介绍图书馆电子书和电子借阅的发展现状,引入利益相关者理论分析作者、提供商、图书馆与用户之间的利益关系。[结果/结论] 研究发现图书馆电子借阅服务涉及作者与提供商的商业利益、图书馆提供信息资源的权利和用户获取知识的权利,不同利益主体存在既冲突又合作的关系;图书馆电子借阅服务系统不够成熟,产生明显的资源供需失衡问题。提出以下建议:完善法律制度,维护公共利益;扶持电子书产业发展,规范市场行为;建立许可协议标准模板,保护各方利益;控制采购成本,促进电子书资源利用;发挥电子书优势,促进电子书阅读推广。     

Reading Among Young Russians: Some Modern Tendencies

This article is a preliminary summary of the results of a huge study of reading among urban high school students (ages 14–17) in many regions of Russia. It considers such aspects of the topic as: the place of reading in the structure of high school students' life plans and leisure activities; their motives for reading, their preferences, and the amount they read; the level of their culture of reading and information seeking; and the influence of family, peers, libraries, and the Internet on their reading habits.