公共英语写作中引入同伴互评模式的行动研究

通过行动研究的方式探讨在公共英语教学中引入同伴反馈作文评改方式的可行性和有效性.研究结果表明:学生认可同伴评改的方式,学生被证明具备评价他人作文的能力,同伴互评可以使学生的作文在内容、结构、语言上有一定的改进.通过这次行动研究可知只要设计合理、操作严谨,同伴反馈可做为教师反馈方式的一种补充,融入到写作教学中,从而提高公共英语学生的写作水平.     

英语写作同伴反馈研究综述

在英语写作课堂中,同伴反馈指学生以书面批改、课堂讨论等方式对同伴写作初稿进行评价和修改,从而更直接地观察写作中常出现的问题,学习他人长于自己的优势。本文总结了国内外关于同伴反馈的相关研究,尝试为进一步探索和发展英语写作课堂同伴反馈提供理论和实证支持。     

基于实时互动的同伴对话反馈对大学生课堂深度学习的促进效果研究

高校传统课堂中生生对话互动的缺乏是其不足以促进大学生深度学习的一个重要原因,而基于课堂实时互动的同伴对话反馈是激发学生课堂参与动机和加深课堂学习投入的重要途径,对缓解高校教学互动现状有较好的适用性。研究通过单组前后测实验探究了基于实时互动的同伴对话反馈对大学生课堂深度学习的促进效果。研究发现:(1)该互动形式的同伴对话反馈可显著削弱学生的浅表学习方法倾向,但对深度学习方法倾向强化不明显;(2)同伴对话反馈中初始对话和初步反馈层面的提问行为,以及深层反馈层面的提问与观点发表行为,都比初始对话和初步反馈层面的观点发表行为更有利于促进学生学习方法深化。研究基于以上发现为高校教师更好地设计混合教学情境下促进大学生深度学习的同伴对话反馈活动提供了建议。     

听众抑或学习者？———非英语专业研究生英语课堂展示活动中的同伴反馈

本文研究如何利用课堂展示活动中的同伴反馈促进非英语专业研究生的有效学习。课堂观察和问卷调查分析发现,以“提问”作为同伴反馈任务,有利于促进学生听众对展示内容的关注;以“描述性反馈”作为同伴反馈任务,有利于促进听众对展示策略与技巧的关注;而以“找错”作为同伴反馈任务,则有利于促进听众对语言现象的关注。经过培训与引导,研究生能够在实践中明确同伴反馈对内容、策略与语言等不同焦点的关注,逐步提高同伴反馈的质量,有效地促进课堂学习。     

学生眼中的“同伴反馈”

“同伴反馈”,作为应用语言学的研究焦点之一,其研究的深度及广度都有了相当的发展.本文首先回顾了“同伴反馈”的定义、理论基础及相关研究成果,之后介绍了笔者针对本科英语专业课堂“同伴口头反馈”所进行的实验研究,客观报道学生对“同伴反馈”的看法,并总结教学启示.     

大学生英语写作课堂中写作反馈的特征及教学启示

该文旨在考察大学英语写作课堂中学生对教师反馈的总体态度和特征。本研究主要采用质性研究方法,通过课程前后的问卷调查以及大量的课堂观察,归纳总结出大学生英语写作课堂中对教师反馈和同伴反馈的态度和特征。研究结果表明,教师反馈普遍受到学生推崇,但经过写作反馈培训的同伴反馈也有积极的促进作用,并由此提出相应的教学建议。     

英语写作多元动态评价视角下的同伴反馈研究

本行动研究以50名非英语专业的大学生为对象,持续一学期,整合了在线写作自动批改网、同伴和教师三种反馈方式,探讨以同伴反馈为主多元化评价优势互补、形成性写作评价模式的可行性。研究结果证明,该模式有利于提高英语写作成绩,学生接受度高,为动态评估理论的具体实践提供了一个可参考范例。     

同伴反馈教学法在英语翻译教学中的应用研究

培养学生的翻译能力是英语教学的重要目标之一。选取广东海洋大学非英语专业的两个平行班,进行同伴反馈对翻译能力培养影响的实证研究,运用测试、问卷调查和课堂观察等方式,收集相关实验数据,并通过SPSS软件对所获定量数据作统计分析,结果表明,在翻译测试中实验班成绩显著优于对照班,从而得出学生对同伴反馈持有积极态度,并且肯定了同伴反馈对翻译能力培养的正面影响。     

二语学生对电子同伴反馈和传统同伴反馈的看法

本研究旨在探讨二语学生对电子同伴反馈和传统面对面同伴反馈的看法。该研究通过贵州大学英语专业两个班级的写作课,让受试学生使用两种同伴反馈方式,即电子同伴反馈与传统同伴反馈。在研究中,我们首先对受试学生分别进行传统同伴反馈和电子同伴反馈的培训,然后对受试学生在两种同伴反馈中所体现的反馈类型进行对比分析,最后对受试学生进行问卷调查,了解他们对两种反馈方式的态度和想法。结果发现,大部分受试学生更喜欢使用电子同伴反馈方式。电子同伴反馈方式是对传统的面对面同伴反馈方式有益的补充,对学生的二语写作可以起到更积极的促进作用。     

西部农村中学英语写作在线同伴反馈和教师反馈的对比研究

教师将网络和初中生英语写作教学中的教师反馈与同伴反馈相结合,对在线教师反馈和同伴反馈的认可度,合理性进行了对比研究。结果显示:学生对教师在线反馈较为认可,同伴在线反馈的合理性较低,教师反馈的正确率与学生写作水平呈正相关,教师反馈和同伴反馈在内容和类型上有较大差异。因此在线教师反馈应在初中英语写作课中大力提倡,同伴反馈应设计合理,操作严谨,作为教师反馈方式的一种补充,从而提高初中学生的英文写作水平。     

Dialogue within peer feedback processes: clarification and negotiation of meaning

Peer feedback carries a number of potential benefits to students, yet how they learn in the process remains under-researched. Building on ideas of feedback as dialogue, this study aims to unpack the respective perceptions of the provider and the receiver of peer feedback in relation to the benefits and challenges of dialogue about academic writing. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews and journals at a university in southern China. Two key inter-related benefits emerge from the qualitative analysis of students’ perceptions of verbal interaction about written peer feedback. The provider of written comments obtains feedback on their feedback and the receiver has the opportunity to clarify or negotiate meaning with the feedback provider. Contextual challenges include students wanting more guidance about peer feedback and desiring more teacher input to the process. The study adds to the knowledge about the significance of peer dialogue in mutual clarification and negotiation between the provider and the recipient while emphasising ongoing teacher guidance in the process.     

Peer review in the classroom: student perceptions,peer feedback quality and the role of assessment

Abstract

Peer review in the classroom can enhance numerous employability skills such as critical appraisal, writing skills, reflection practices and collaborative experiences. This study takes place over two years and discusses the implementation of a repeating blind peer review cycle across a single semester for final year chemistry students enrolled on a compulsory employability module. The feedback cycle promotes personal reflection through the use of mini-reflective questionnaires. The process was assessed by academic tutors at the resubmission stage and/or the peer feedback stage where the quality of peer feedback was directly assessed. The research investigates the quality of peer feedback, the importance of assessment and student perceptions of what is most useful. Methods include directed content analysis of feedback produced, student opinions and a focus group. Students were capable of offering useable feedback across a range of assessment criteria but tend to focus on the important criteria best aligned to the particular assignment. A range of motivational factors and tactics were noticed but students tended to find reviewing the most beneficial.     

‘Only true friends could be cruelly honest’: cognitive scaffolding and social-affective support in teacher feedback literacy

Feedback is an important but challenging aspect of higher education pedagogy. In addition to providing quality feedback, teachers are expected to develop students’ skills and awareness for effective feedback processes. This case study addresses both processes and products of a Chinese university English teacher’s feedback enabling practice by involving students in peer feedback on oral presentations. Data from classroom observations and interviews reveal various strategies of cognitive scaffolding and social-affective support in the teacher’s feedback enabling processes, as well as skill development of generating peer feedback and awareness enhancement in accepting critical feedback with a positive attitude. Our analysis revolves around generic and contextually grounded strategies in cognitive scaffolding and social-affective support, as well as how verbal peer feedback can be utilised as a productive solution to mitigate resource constraints. The paper concludes by highlighting the centrality of the ‘enabling construct’ of teacher feedback literacy and drawing implications for research, policy and practice.     

Exploring the value of peer feedback in online learning for the provider

This paper reviews studies of peer feedback from the novel perspective of the providers of that feedback. The possible learning benefits of providing peer feedback in online learning have not been extensively studied. The goal of this study was therefore to explore the process of providing online peer feedback as a learning activity for the provider. We concluded that (1) providing online peer feedback has several potential learning benefits for the provider; (2) when providing online peer feedback, students use different cognitive processes; (3) the cognitive processes and the potential learning benefits can be realised when students use specific elements in the feedback they provide.     

Understanding autonomous peer feedback practices among postgraduate students: a case study in a Chinese university

Academic writing is a social practice in which the writer interacts with both texts and people and uses the interaction as a learning resource. While academic interaction in the classroom setting has been extensively investigated, student interaction that takes place without teacher supervision remains largely unexplored. Since autonomy is a key component of academic interaction, autonomous peer feedback practices among postgraduate students may be of some interest. This paper reports on an exploratory case study of peer feedback among a small group of postgraduate students in a master’s programme in translation studies in a prestigious Chinese university. The findings offer insights into the role of peer feedback in advancing academic literacy and forming scholarly communities in an emerging discipline. The case study provides an opening into the research area of autonomous peer feedback and suggests avenues for further, more substantial research.     

引导性问题如何影响高校项目化学习中的同伴反馈

同伴反馈作为形成性评价的重要形式,对高校学生的学习有着积极的影响,但在课堂教学实践中面临着种种挑战。引导性问题作为同伴反馈的支架,在支持并提升同伴反馈质量和学生课程学习上效果显著。本研究主要采用准实验法,以Z大学一门课程的46名本科生为研究对象,通过内容分析、对应分析、回归分析等方法,对不同方式、不同阶段撰写的引导性问题对同伴反馈的影响进行研究。研究发现学生更倾向于撰写评论型引导性问题,小组合作方式与期末阶段会产生更为丰富的引导性问题类型。不同类型的引导性问题能够对应引发不同类型的同伴反馈,且对同伴反馈质量与有效性产生显著影响。其中,分享型、头脑风暴型、改进型引导性问题能够引发更高质量且更有效的同伴反馈。     

The development of student feedback literacy: the influences of teacher feedback on peer feedback

Abstract

Although the concept of student feedback literacy has drawn increasing attention in higher education, empirical research on this matter is still in its infancy. In the area of peer feedback, little research has investigated the role of teacher follow-up feedback on peer feedback in the development of student feedback literacy. To address the research gap, a multiple-case study of three Chinese master’s students enrolled in an academic writing course was conducted, drawing on the students’ drafts with peer feedback, teacher written feedback on that peer feedback, semi-structured interviews, retrospective verbal reports, observation field notes and class documents. Three students’ epistemological and practical knowledge about, attitudes towards, and self-efficacy beliefs in peer feedback were found to improve at different paces and to different degrees. However, considerable individual variations were observed with two high-achieving, highly motivated participants becoming more feedback-literate than their under-achieving, minimally motivated peer. Teacher feedback on peer feedback was found to have distinct impacts on individual students, depending on learner factors including language ability, beliefs and motivation. These findings suggest that teacher feedback on peer feedback, if consistently provided and compatible with learner factors, can scaffold both cognitive and social-affective aspects of student feedback literacy.     

Can higher-proficiency L2 learners benefit from working with lower-proficiency partners in peer feedback?

Informed by Vygotsky’s conceptualization of the Zone of Proximal Development, this case study investigated the benefits of peer feedback on second language (L2) writing for students with high L2 proficiency and the factors that may influence their learning in peer feedback in the Chinese English-as-a-foreign-language context. Specifically, the study examined whether, what, and how higher-proficiency (HP) English learners can learn when they collaborate with their lower-proficiency counterparts. Analyses of multiple sources of data – video-recordings of peer feedback sessions, interviews, stimulated recalls, and drafts of student texts – revealed that while group peer feedback in the writing classroom can provide learning opportunities for HP students, their learning can be influenced by several factors, including their beliefs about peer feedback, motives and goals for peer feedback, and medium of group discussion. Implications are drawn from these findings for peer feedback practice and research in L2 writing.     

The bilateral benefits of providing and receiving peer feedback in academic writing across varying L2 proficiency

Although the effectiveness of peer review has been examined, few have tested the joint benefits of providing and receiving feedback features and quality in L2 contexts. The present study investigated variation in key features and quality of feedback provided and received by high and low L2 proficiency students and its benefits on revision in the authentic setting of students experiencing both roles of providing and receiving peer feedback in English academic writing. Analyses on two drafts from 50 students, 1356 idea units of anonymous implementable peer feedback and back-evaluation ratings revealed that the combined effect of providing and receiving feedback on revision was prominent for all students. But the bilateral benefits of providing and receiving feedback features were more significant for high proficiency students, while providing feedback features and quality benefited low proficiency students more. The study implies that students need more bilateral training with both providing and receiving feedback.     

Trainee teachers’ experiences of classroom feedback practices and their motivation to learn

While different theoretical frameworks have been proposed to characterise the nature of feedback and the conditions under which feedback contributes to student learning, few empirical studies have examined the usefulness of these theoretical frameworks to understand student feedback experiences in classrooms particularly in a pre-service context. This article explores what classroom feedback practices trainee teachers experience, and how their feedback experiences relate to their learning motivation. The paper presents the results of questionnaire surveys conducted with 276 pre-service ESL trainee teachers in a BEd English education programme. The study found that trainee teachers in this study experienced predominantly activity-based feedback and teacher evaluation feedback, while peer/self feedback and longitudinal-development feedback were relatively infrequently used in the classroom. However, peer/self feedback and longitudinal-development feedback appeared to be most powerful in predicting positive motivational processes, followed by activity-based feedback and teacher evaluation feedback.